Author: Ameeba

CVE-2025-46385: Severe Server-Side Request Forgery (SSRF) Vulnerability
Overview

Today we are focusing on a severe cybersecurity vulnerability, CVE-2025-46385, which poses a significant threat to data integrity and system security. This vulnerability pertains to a Server-Side Request Forgery (SSRF), a dangerous exploit that allows attackers to launch requests from the server hosting the application. The vulnerability affects a wide range of products and systems, potentially leading to system compromise or data leakage. Given its high severity score and the potential damage it can cause, understanding and mitigating this vulnerability should be a priority for all security-conscious organizations.

Vulnerability Summary

CVE ID: CVE-2025-46385
Severity: Severe, CVSS score of 8.6
Attack Vector: Network
Privileges Required: Low
User Interaction: None
Impact: Potential system compromise or data leakage

Affected Products

Product | Affected Versions

Product A | Versions 1.0 to 2.5
Product B | Versions 3.0 to 4.5

How the Exploit Works

At its core, the CVE-2025-46385 exploit involves an attacker manipulating the server into making a network request to an arbitrary URL. The server, thinking the request is legitimate, sends the request to the specified endpoint. This can lead to unauthorized actions being performed on behalf of the server, potentially compromising other systems within the same network. In the worst-case scenario, this can lead to system compromise or data leakage.

Conceptual Example Code

Here’s a conceptual example of how the vulnerability might be exploited, in the form of an HTTP request:
```
POST /vulnerable/endpoint HTTP/1.1
Host: target.example.com
Content-Type: application/json
{ "url": "http://localhost/admin/deleteAllUsers" }
```
The above request tells the server to send a POST request to the `deleteAllUsers` endpoint on the local host. If the server is not properly validating the URLs it is requested to connect to, this could result in all users being deleted from the system.

How to Mitigate CVE-2025-46385

To mitigate the risk from this vulnerability, organizations are advised to apply the vendor-provided patch as soon as possible. In the event that a patch is not immediately available or cannot be applied, a Web Application Firewall (WAF) or Intrusion Detection System (IDS) can provide temporary mitigation. These systems can be configured to detect and block potentially malicious requests, preventing the SSRF vulnerability from being exploited. However, this should be seen as a temporary solution, and applying the patch should still be the ultimate goal.
July 25, 2025
CVE-2025-53762: Privilege Elevation Vulnerability in Microsoft Purview
Overview

Vulnerabilities in software infrastructure are an ever-present threat to organizations, big and small. One such vulnerability recently identified is CVE-2025-53762, a security flaw found within Microsoft Purview. This vulnerability, if left unchecked, can allow an authorized attacker to escalate their privileges over a network, potentially leading to severe data leakage or system compromise.
This vulnerability affects all organizations utilizing the concerned software, potentially exposing sensitive data and jeopardizing the integrity of a network or system. In the age of digital transformation and increasing dependence on cloud-based solutions, understanding the implications of this vulnerability and how to mitigate its impact is of utmost importance.

Vulnerability Summary

CVE ID: CVE-2025-53762
Severity: High (8.7 CVSS Severity Score)
Attack Vector: Network
Privileges Required: Low
User Interaction: Required
Impact: Potential system compromise or data leakage

Affected Products

Product | Affected Versions

Microsoft Purview | All versions prior to patch

How the Exploit Works

The vulnerability results from the software having a permissive list of allowed inputs. This means that an attacker can bypass access controls and escalate their user privileges on a network. The exploit works by the attacker injecting malicious payloads or commands that are not adequately sanitized by the software’s input validation procedures. This can lead to unauthorized access, data leakage, or even full control of the system.

Conceptual Example Code

The following is a conceptual example of how this vulnerability might be exploited:
```
POST /vulnerable/endpoint HTTP/1.1
Host: target.example.com
Content-Type: application/json
{
"command": "elevate_privilege",
"payload": "malicious_code_here"
}
```
In this example, an attacker sends a POST request to a vulnerable endpoint on the target system. The `elevate_privilege` command in the request could trigger the privilege escalation vulnerability, offering the attacker higher-level access than they should have.

Recommended Mitigation Steps

To mitigate this vulnerability, it is strongly recommended to apply the vendor patch immediately. This patch will address the vulnerability by enhancing the input validation procedures and removing the possibility of unauthorized command execution.
In the interim, before the patch can be applied, organizations can use a Web Application Firewall (WAF) or an Intrusion Detection System (IDS) to detect and prevent attempts to exploit this vulnerability. These temporary solutions, however, are not substitutes for the vendor patch and should be applied only as short-term protective measures.
July 25, 2025
CVE-2025-47917: Use-After-Free Vulnerability in Mbed TLS Potentially Leading to System Compromise
Overview

In this post, we delve into the details of a critical vulnerability dubbed CVE-2025-47917, which poses a significant risk to applications developed in accordance with the Mbed TLS documentation before version 3.6.4. This vulnerability possesses the capability to compromise systems and leak confidential data, making it a matter of grave concern for developers, administrators, and organizations alike.
The vulnerability is of particular concern due to its severity and the widespread usage of Mbed TLS in various applications. As businesses increasingly adopt digital solutions and cloud-based services, ensuring the security of such applications becomes paramount to prevent potential attacks and data breaches.

Vulnerability Summary

CVE ID: CVE-2025-47917
Severity: High (8.9 CVSS score)
Attack Vector: Local
Privileges Required: None
User Interaction: Required
Impact: Potential system compromise or data leakage

Affected Products

Product | Affected Versions

Mbed TLS | Before 3.6.4

How the Exploit Works

The CVE-2025-47917 vulnerability stems from a use-after-free situation in certain Mbed TLS applications developed in accordance with the documentation. The function mbedtls_x509_string_to_names() takes an argument documented as an output argument. The function, however, calls mbedtls_asn1_free_named_data_list() on that argument, which performs a deep free() operation.
This sequence of events leads to a situation where the application code, which uses this function relying on documented behavior, still holds pointers to the memory blocks that were freed. This can lead to a high risk of use-after-free or double-free situations, particularly in the two sample programs x509/cert_write and x509/cert_req. If the san string contains more than one DN, a use-after-free situation occurs.

Conceptual Example Code

Here is a conceptual example that illustrates how the vulnerability might be exploited. This is a simplified version and actual exploitation could be more complex:
```
#include "mbedtls/x509.h"
int main() {
mbedtls_x509_name *name;
char *san = "CN=example.com, CN=malicious.com";
// This call frees the memory pointed by 'name'
mbedtls_x509_string_to_names(&name, san);
// 'name' is now a dangling pointer
// Any access or modification to 'name' here may result in undefined behavior
// Exploits can manipulate this to take advantage or corrupt the system
return 0;
}
```
This code shows that the vulnerability lies in the fact that the function mbedtls_x509_string_to_names() frees the memory pointed to by ‘name’, leaving it as a dangling pointer. Any subsequent access to ‘name’ could lead to undefined behavior, which could be exploited by malicious actors.
July 25, 2025
CVE-2025-46384: Unrestricted Upload of File with Dangerous Type Leading to Potential System Compromise
Overview

In this blog post, we will take a deep dive into the recently identified CVE-2025-46384 vulnerability, a critical security flaw that poses significant threats to digital infrastructures. This vulnerability, defined as CWE-434 Unrestricted Upload of File with Dangerous Type, affects a wide array of systems and applications, potentially leading to system compromise or data leakage. With its high CVSS Severity Score of 8.8, it’s crucial for system administrators, security officers, and all stakeholders to understand this vulnerability and how to mitigate it effectively.

Vulnerability Summary

CVE ID: CVE-2025-46384
Severity: Critical – CVSS score 8.8
Attack Vector: Network
Privileges Required: None
User Interaction: Required
Impact: System compromise or data leakage

Affected Products

Product | Affected Versions

[Product 1] | [Version 1.0 – 2.0]
[Product 2] | [Version 3.0 – 4.0]

How the Exploit Works

The CVE-2025-46384 vulnerability is based on the unrestricted upload of files with dangerous types. These types of files can include scripts or executables that are capable of running commands or code on the server. When an attacker successfully uploads such a file, they can trigger the execution of the file, leading to unauthorized actions such as data theft, system compromise, or other harmful activities.

Conceptual Example Code

Here’s a conceptual example of how the vulnerability might be exploited. This is a mock HTTP POST request that uploads a malicious file:
```
POST /upload_endpoint HTTP/1.1
Host: target.example.com
Content-Type: multipart/form-data; boundary=----WebKitFormBoundary7MA4YWxkTrZu0gW
------WebKitFormBoundary7MA4YWxkTrZu0gW
Content-Disposition: form-data; name="file"; filename="malicious_script.sh"
Content-Type: application/x-sh
echo 'Malicious command or script content here'
------WebKitFormBoundary7MA4YWxkTrZu0gW
```
When the server processes this request, it could potentially execute the uploaded file, leading to the unwanted outcomes outlined above.

Mitigation Guidance

To mitigate this vulnerability, the most effective solution is to apply the vendor-provided patch as soon as it becomes available. Until then, employing a Web Application Firewall (WAF) or Intrusion Detection System (IDS) can offer temporary mitigation by inspecting and controlling the types of files that can be uploaded to the system. It’s also recommended to enforce strict file type validation and to disable the execution of scripts or code from uploaded files.
July 25, 2025
CVE-2025-7855: Critical Stack-based Buffer Overflow Vulnerability in Tenda FH451 1.0.0.9
Overview

The critical vulnerability CVE-2025-7855, discovered in Tenda FH451 1.0.0.9, poses a significant threat to cybersecurity due to its potential for remote execution of arbitrary code. The vulnerability lies in the fromqossetting function of the /goform/qossetting file, and its exploitation could lead to severe consequences such as a full system compromise or data leakage. Given the ubiquity of Tenda devices in personal and professional environments, addressing this vulnerability should be a priority for all users and administrators.

Vulnerability Summary

CVE ID: CVE-2025-7855
Severity: Critical (8.8 CVSS Score)
Attack Vector: Remote
Privileges Required: None
User Interaction: None
Impact: System compromise and potential data leakage

Affected Products

Product | Affected Versions

Tenda FH451 | 1.0.0.9

How the Exploit Works

The exploit works by manipulating the ‘page’ argument in the ‘fromqossetting’ function of the ‘/goform/qossetting’ file. This manipulation results in a stack-based buffer overflow, creating an opportunity for attackers to inject and execute arbitrary code. Since the attacker does not require any privileges and there’s no need for user interaction, the exploit can be launched remotely, significantly increasing its potential reach.

Conceptual Example Code

Here’s a conceptual example of how an HTTP request exploiting this vulnerability might look:
```
POST /goform/qossetting HTTP/1.1
Host: target.example.com
Content-Type: application/x-www-form-urlencoded
page=AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA...
```
In the above example, ‘A’ represents a character string long enough to overflow the stack buffer.

Mitigation Guidance

The most effective mitigation strategy is to apply the vendor-supplied patch as soon as it is available. If for any reason, immediate patching is not possible, using a Web Application Firewall (WAF) or an Intrusion Detection System (IDS) can serve as a temporary measure to block potential exploit attempts. Regularly updated signatures on these systems can help detect and prevent attacks exploiting this vulnerability.
Always remember, the best defense against cybersecurity threats is a proactive approach to security.
July 25, 2025
CVE-2025-7854: Critical Vulnerability in Tenda FH451 1.0.0.9 Leading to Potential System Compromise or Data Leakage
Overview

CVE-2025-7854 is a critical vulnerability discovered in Tenda FH451 version 1.0.0.9. This vulnerability specifically affects the function fromVirtualSer of the file /goform/VirtualSer. The flaw can be exploited remotely, thereby increasing its risk factor. It is of utmost importance due to its potential to cause system compromise or data leakage, posing a significant threat to both individual users and organizations alike.
The exploit for this vulnerability has been publicly disclosed, making devices running on Tenda FH451 1.0.0.9 an attractive target for potential attackers. Immediate action is required to mitigate the risk associated with this critical vulnerability.

Vulnerability Summary

CVE ID: CVE-2025-7854
Severity: Critical (CVSS Score: 8.8)
Attack Vector: Remote
Privileges Required: None
User Interaction: None
Impact: Potential system compromise or data leakage

Affected Products

Product | Affected Versions

Tenda FH451 | 1.0.0.9

How the Exploit Works

The vulnerability in Tenda FH451 1.0.0.9 manifests in the function fromVirtualSer of the file /goform/VirtualSer. By manipulating the argument page, an attacker can cause a stack-based buffer overflow. This overflow can then be used to execute arbitrary code remotely, potentially leading to system compromise or data leakage. The exploit does not require any user interaction or privileges, making it particularly dangerous.

Conceptual Example Code

The following is a conceptual example of how this vulnerability might be exploited. This HTTP request, when sent to the target host, could potentially cause a buffer overflow and execute malicious code:
```
POST /goform/VirtualSer HTTP/1.1
Host: target.example.com
Content-Type: application/x-www-form-urlencoded
page=%n%n%n%n... (repeated until overflow occurs)
```
To mitigate the risks associated with this vulnerability, users are advised to apply the vendor patch as soon as possible. In the interim, using a Web Application Firewall (WAF) or Intrusion Detection System (IDS) can provide temporary mitigation. However, these should not be considered long-term solutions in place of patching and updating the system.
July 25, 2025
CVE-2025-7853: Critical Buffer Overflow Vulnerability in Tenda FH451 1.0.0.9
Overview

In the rapidly evolving world of cybersecurity, the discovery of new vulnerabilities is a common occurrence. One such vulnerability, CVE-2025-7853, has been recently identified in the Tenda FH451 1.0.0.9, posing a significant threat to the integrity and security of systems worldwide. This critical vulnerability affects the function fromSetIpBind of the file /goform/SetIpBind and can lead to a stack-based buffer overflow.
The severity of this vulnerability stems from its potential to compromise entire systems or lead to data leakage. As it can be exploited remotely, it requires immediate attention and mitigation to prevent attackers from gaining unauthorized access or causing extensive damage.

Vulnerability Summary

CVE ID: CVE-2025-7853
Severity: Critical (CVSS: 8.8)
Attack Vector: Network
Privileges Required: None
User Interaction: None
Impact: System compromise or data leakage

Affected Products

Product | Affected Versions

Tenda FH451 | 1.0.0.9

How the Exploit Works

The exploit works by manipulating the ‘page’ argument in the fromSetIpBind function. This function is part of the SetIpBind file, which is vital for the operation of the Tenda FH451. By sending a specially crafted request that overflows the buffer, an attacker can cause undefined behavior in the system, which can include overwriting important data, crashing the system, or even executing arbitrary code.

Conceptual Example Code

Here is a
conceptual
example of how this vulnerability might be exploited:
```
POST /goform/SetIpBind HTTP/1.1
Host: vulnerable-device-ip
Content-Type: application/x-www-form-urlencoded
page=AAAA... [long string of 'A's to overflow the buffer]
```
In this example, the ‘page’ argument is filled with a long string of ‘A’s. If the buffer in the fromSetIpBind function is not properly sized or protected, this could lead to buffer overflow and potential system compromise.

Mitigation

The recommended course of action is to apply the patch provided by the vendor. In cases where application of the patch is not immediately feasible, temporary mitigation can be achieved through the use of a Web Application Firewall (WAF) or an Intrusion Detection System (IDS). These systems can help identify and block malicious traffic, providing an additional layer of security against this vulnerability.
July 25, 2025
CVE-2025-7837: Critical Vulnerability in TOTOLINK T6 Potentially Leading to System Compromise
Overview

A critical vulnerability, identified as CVE-2025-7837, has recently been discovered in TOTOLINK T6 version 4.1.5cu.748_B20211015. This cybersecurity flaw has been classified as a severe threat due to its potential to compromise systems and leak sensitive data. In a world where digital security is paramount, such vulnerabilities can have serious implications on both a personal and organizational level, making this a matter of high importance.
The vulnerability affects the function recvSlaveStaInfo within the MQTT Service component of the TOTOLINK T6. The manipulation of the argument ‘dest’ can lead to buffer overflow, which could potentially be exploited by attackers to gain unauthorized access, disrupt services, or pilfer confidential data.

Vulnerability Summary

CVE ID: CVE-2025-7837
Severity: Critical (8.8 CVSS Score)
Attack Vector: Network
Privileges Required: None
User Interaction: None
Impact: Potential system compromise or data leakage

Affected Products

Product | Affected Versions

TOTOLINK T6 | 4.1.5cu.748_B20211015

How the Exploit Works

The vulnerability arises from an issue in the recvSlaveStaInfo function of the MQTT Service component of the TOTOLINK T6. Specifically, the manipulation of the ‘dest’ argument can cause a buffer overflow. Buffer overflows occur when a program writes more data to a fixed-length block of memory, or buffer, than it can hold. The extra data overwrites adjacent memory locations, potentially leading to erratic program behavior, crashes, or even the execution of malicious code.
The exploit can be launched remotely over a network without any requirement for user interaction or privileges, making it a significant threat to unpatched systems.

Conceptual Example Code

Below is a conceptual example of how the vulnerability might be exploited using a specially crafted MQTT message:
```
POST /mqtt/recvSlaveStaInfo HTTP/1.1
Host: affected-device-ip
Content-Type: application/json
{
"dest": "AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA..."
}
```
In the above example, the “dest” field is filled with an excessively long string, causing a buffer overflow in the handling program. Please note that the actual exploit will likely involve much more complex programming techniques and this example is provided only for conceptual understanding.

Mitigation Guidance

Users are advised to apply the vendor patch as soon as it becomes available. In the interim, employing a Web Application Firewall (WAF) or Intrusion Detection System (IDS) can serve as a temporary mitigation measure. These systems can help detect and prevent attempts to exploit this vulnerability.
July 25, 2025
CVE-2015-10139: Privilege Escalation Vulnerability in WPLMS Theme for WordPress
Overview

As part of our ongoing endeavor to keep you informed about the latest cybersecurity vulnerabilities, we bring to your attention an important vulnerability identified as CVE-2015-10139. This security loophole affects the WPLMS theme for WordPress, specifically versions 1.5.2 to 1.8.4.1. This vulnerability matters because it enables privilege escalation, leaving the potential for system compromise or data leakage. This implies that an authenticated attacker could alter restricted settings and potentially create a new, accessible admin account.

Vulnerability Summary

CVE ID: CVE-2015-10139
Severity: High (8.8 CVSS Score)
Attack Vector: Network
Privileges Required: Low
User Interaction: Required
Impact: Potential system compromise, data leakage, and unauthorized access to admin account

Affected Products

Product | Affected Versions

WPLMS Theme for WordPress | 1.5.2 to 1.8.4.1

How the Exploit Works

The vulnerability lies in the ‘wp_ajax_import_data’ AJAX action of the WPLMS theme for WordPress. An attacker, who is authenticated, can use this action to escalate their privileges. This security loophole gives the attacker the ability to change settings that are generally restricted. The most worrisome aspect of this vulnerability is that it could potentially be used to create a new, accessible admin account – giving the attacker full control of the system.

Conceptual Example Code

Here’s a conceptual example of how the vulnerability might be exploited. Note that this is a simplified example and actual exploit code may vary.
```
POST /wp_ajax_import_data HTTP/1.1
Host: targetsite.com
Content-Type: application/json
{
"action": "import_data",
"user_role": "admin",
"new_user": "attacker",
"new_password": "password123"
}
```
In this example, the attacker sends a POST request to the ‘wp_ajax_import_data’ endpoint, with a JSON payload that includes an action to import data, a user role set to ‘admin’, and details for the new user.
This code could lead to an unauthorized admin account being created, giving the attacker full control over the targeted WordPress site.

Mitigation and Recommendations

The best course of action to protect your systems from this vulnerability is to apply the vendor patch as soon as possible. If immediate patching is not feasible, using a Web Application Firewall (WAF) or Intrusion Detection System (IDS) can offer temporary mitigation. Regular vulnerability scanning and patching routines are recommended to keep systems secure from known vulnerabilities.
July 25, 2025
CVE-2025-53770: Critical Deserialization Vulnerability in Microsoft SharePoint Server
Overview

The CVE-2025-53770 is a severe vulnerability discovered in Microsoft SharePoint Server that allows unauthorized attackers to execute harmful code over a network by deserializing untrusted data. This vulnerability primarily affects organizations using on-premises Microsoft SharePoint Server, posing a substantial threat to their system security. Remediation of this vulnerability is of paramount importance as an exploit for this flaw already exists in the wild, increasing the risk of system compromise and data leakage.

Vulnerability Summary

CVE ID: CVE-2025-53770
Severity: Critical (9.8 CVSS Score)
Attack Vector: Network
Privileges Required: Low
User Interaction: None
Impact: Potential system compromise or data leakage

Affected Products

Product | Affected Versions

Microsoft SharePoint Server | All on-premises versions

How the Exploit Works

The vulnerability stems from the deserialization of untrusted data in Microsoft SharePoint Server. Deserialization is a process that converts a byte stream into an object. In this case, an attacker sends a serialized object containing malicious code to the server. The server, not properly validating or checking the data it’s deserializing, executes the harmful code, thereby granting the attacker the ability to perform actions on the system such as installing programs, deleting data, or creating new accounts with full user rights.

Conceptual Example Code

Here is a
conceptual
example of how the vulnerability might be exploited. This is a simplified example and actual exploit code may be more complex.
```
POST /SharePoint/endpoint HTTP/1.1
Host: target.example.com
Content-Type: application/octet-stream
{ "serialized_object": "rO0ABXNyABdqYXZhLnV0aWwuSGFzaE1hcAUH2sHDFmDRAwACRgAKbG9hZEZhY3RvckkACXRocmVzaG9sZHhwP0AAAAAAAAB3CAAAACAAAAAQAAAATlQAFm1hbGljaW91c19jb2RlX3RvX2JlX2V4ZWN1dGVk" }
```
In this example, the attacker sends a POST request to a SharePoint endpoint with a serialized object in the body of the request. This serialized object (encoded in Base64 for simplicity) contains malicious code that would be executed upon deserialization on the server side.
Remember, this vulnerability can result in serious implications for system security, and it’s critical to apply the vendor patch or use WAF/IDS as a temporary mitigation until Microsoft releases a comprehensive update.
July 25, 2025