Author: Ameeba

Overview

In the ever-evolving landscape of cyber threats, a new vulnerability has been reported in KUNBUS PiCtory version 2.11.1 and earlier. This vulnerability, designated as CVE-2025-35996, is a severe security flaw that could potentially lead to system compromise or data leakage. It affects users of the KUNBUS PiCtory software, a configuration tool widely used in industrial automation. The severity of this vulnerability underscores the importance of constant vigilance and timely patching in the world of cybersecurity.

Vulnerability Summary

CVE ID: CVE-2025-35996
Severity: Critical (CVSS: 9.0)
Attack Vector: Network
Privileges Required: Low
User Interaction: Required
Impact: System compromise, potential data leakage

Affected Products

Product | Affected Versions

KUNBUS PiCtory | 2.11.1 and earlier

How the Exploit Works

The vulnerability in question arises when an authenticated remote attacker crafts a special filename that can be stored by API endpoints. When this filename is transmitted to the client for displaying a list of configuration files, it is not properly sanitized or escaped. As a result, the attacker can inject HTML script tags in the filename, which can then be executed when the filename is rendered on the client side. This leads to a classic cross-site-scripting attack, potentially compromising the victim’s system or leading to data leakage.

Conceptual Example Code

Below is a conceptual example of how the vulnerability might be exploited. This example assumes that the malicious user is authenticated and has the ability to create files with arbitrary names.

POST /api/files HTTP/1.1
Host: target.example.com
Content-Type: application/json
Authorization: Bearer <auth_token>
{ "filename": "<script>malicious_code_here</script>.cfg" }

In this example, the filename contains a script tag with malicious code. When this filename is retrieved and displayed by the client, the embedded script is executed, leading to a cross-site-scripting attack.

Mitigation

To mitigate this vulnerability, users should apply the vendor patch as soon as it becomes available. In the meantime, they can use a Web Application Firewall (WAF) or an Intrusion Detection System (IDS) as temporary mitigation. It’s also recommended to review and sanitize all filenames before rendering them on the client side.

Overview

The cybersecurity landscape is continually evolving, and with each passing day, new vulnerabilities are identified and exploited. One such vulnerability that has recently made its presence felt is CVE-2024-48905. This vulnerability affects Sematell ReplyOne 7.4.3.0 and has been identified to harbor insecure permissions for the /rest/sessions endpoint. This makes it a high-risk issue that could potentially lead to system compromise or data leakage if exploited by malicious actors. The vulnerability’s importance is underscored by its high CVSS Severity Score of 9.1, which points to the potential for significant damage if left unaddressed.

Vulnerability Summary

CVE ID: CVE-2024-48905
Severity: High (CVSS 9.1)
Attack Vector: Network
Privileges Required: None
User Interaction: None
Impact: Potential system compromise and data leakage

Affected Products

Product | Affected Versions

Sematell ReplyOne | 7.4.3.0

How the Exploit Works

The vulnerability arises from insecure permissions for the /rest/sessions endpoint in Sematell ReplyOne. This endpoint, intended for authenticated session management, has been found to be poorly secured, potentially allowing unauthenticated users to manipulate or hijack sessions. This could lead to unauthorized access to sensitive data or even complete system compromise if the session belongs to a user with elevated privileges.

Conceptual Example Code

The following conceptual example demonstrates how the vulnerability might be exploited using an HTTP request:

GET /rest/sessions HTTP/1.1
Host: target.example.com

The above HTTP request attempts to retrieve active sessions from the /rest/sessions endpoint. If successful, the attacker could then manipulate or hijack these sessions for malicious purposes.

Mitigation and Prevention

The most effective way to mitigate this vulnerability is to apply the vendor-provided patch. Sematell has released a patch for ReplyOne 7.4.3.0, which resolves the insecure permissions issue. As a temporary mitigation measure, the use of a Web Application Firewall (WAF) or an Intrusion Detection System (IDS) can help prevent unauthorized access to the /rest/sessions endpoint.

Overview

The recently discovered vulnerability CVE-2025-44877 poses a significant threat to users of Tenda AC9 V15.03.06.42_multi. As a critical vulnerability, it exposes users to potential system compromise or data leakage, making it a high-priority issue that needs to be addressed immediately. The vulnerability lies in the formSetSambaConf function via the usbname parameter, enabling attackers to execute arbitrary commands via a crafted request. Given the high CVSS severity score of 9.8, it’s crucial for users and administrators to understand the risks and implications associated with this vulnerability.

Vulnerability Summary

CVE ID: CVE-2025-44877
Severity: Critical (CVSS 9.8)
Attack Vector: Network
Privileges Required: None
User Interaction: None
Impact: Potential system compromise or data leakage

Affected Products

Product | Affected Versions

Tenda AC9 | V15.03.06.42_multi

How the Exploit Works

The exploit takes advantage of a command injection vulnerability in the formSetSambaConf function via the usbname parameter. An attacker can craft a special request containing malicious code, which, when processed by the vulnerable function, allows the arbitrary command to be executed. This could permit an attacker to manipulate the system, potentially leading to a full system compromise or data leakage.

Conceptual Example Code

Here is a conceptual example of how an attacker might exploit this vulnerability. Note that this is a simplified example and actual attacks may involve more complex payloads or techniques.

POST /formSetSambaConf HTTP/1.1
Host: target.example.com
Content-Type: application/json
{ "usbname": "; rm -rf /;" }

In the above example, an attacker sends a POST request to the formSetSambaConf endpoint with a malicious payload in the “usbname” parameter. The payload `”; rm -rf /;”` is a destructive Linux command that, when executed, deletes all files in the system. If the system is vulnerable, it would process this command, leading to severe damage.

Mitigation and Prevention

Users are strongly urged to apply the vendor patch as soon as it becomes available. Until then, users should consider using a Web Application Firewall (WAF) or an Intrusion Detection System (IDS) as a temporary mitigation measure. These tools can help detect and block malicious requests that attempt to exploit this vulnerability. Regularly updating and patching systems is a critical part of maintaining a secure environment and protecting against potential threats.

Overview

The cybersecurity landscape is continually evolving with new vulnerabilities discovered regularly, posing significant threats to both individuals and organizations. The recent identification of CVE-2025-44872 is one such vulnerability that has serious implications for users of the Tenda AC9 V15.03.06.42_multi device. This vulnerability stems from a command injection flaw in the formsetUsbUnload function via the deviceName parameter, enabling attackers to execute arbitrary commands via a crafted request.
Such a vulnerability has a high potential for system compromise and data leakage, hence, it is crucial for cybersecurity professionals to fully understand and mitigate this vulnerability. This post aims to provide an in-depth understanding of CVE-2025-44872, its impact, and how to mitigate the potential damage.

Vulnerability Summary

CVE ID: CVE-2025-44872
Severity: Critical (CVSS: 9.8)
Attack Vector: Network
Privileges Required: Low
User Interaction: None
Impact: System compromise, potential data leakage

Affected Products

Product | Affected Versions

Tenda AC9 | V15.03.06.42_multi

How the Exploit Works

The vulnerability lies in the formsetUsbUnload function of the Tenda AC9 V15.03.06.42_multi device. Due to a flaw in the function’s input validation process, it is susceptible to command injection via the deviceName parameter. An attacker can craft a malicious request, embedding arbitrary commands within the deviceName parameter. When this request is processed, the embedded commands will be executed as part of the formsetUsbUnload function, effectively handing over control of the system to the attacker.

Conceptual Example Code

Below is a conceptual example of how an attacker might exploit this vulnerability.

POST /formsetUsbUnload HTTP/1.1
Host: target.example.com
Content-Type: application/json
{
"deviceName": "; arbitrary_commands_here ;"
}

In this example, the malicious payload is embedded within the deviceName parameter, preceded and followed by semicolons. The semicolons serve to separate the arbitrary commands from the rest of the command, allowing them to be executed independently.

Mitigation

Users of the affected product are strongly advised to apply the vendor’s patch to resolve this vulnerability. In cases where immediate patching is not feasible, implementing a Web Application Firewall (WAF) or an Intrusion Detection System (IDS) can serve as a temporary mitigation measure. These tools can help detect and block malicious payloads, preventing the exploitation of the vulnerability. Additionally, routine security audits and regular monitoring of system logs can help in early detection and response to any potential exploitation.

Overview

In this post, we will be discussing a serious security vulnerability that has been identified in the Wavlink WL-WN530H4 product, with CVE ID CVE-2025-44868. This vulnerability is of particular concern as it enables attackers to execute arbitrary commands via a crafted request, potentially leading to system compromise or data leakage.
The vulnerability affects the Wavlink WL-WN530H4 version 20220801 and has a significant severity score of 9.8 according to the Common Vulnerability Scoring System (CVSS). The command injection vulnerability could potentially impact a wide range of Wavlink devices, making it a crucial issue for cybersecurity professionals and system administrators to address.

Vulnerability Summary

CVE ID: CVE-2025-44868
Severity: Critical (CVSS: 9.8)
Attack Vector: Network
Privileges Required: None
User Interaction: None
Impact: System compromise, Data leakage

Affected Products

Product | Affected Versions

Wavlink WL-WN530H4 | 20220801

How the Exploit Works

The vulnerability lies within the ping_test function of the adm.cgi in the Wavlink WL-WN530H4. Specifically, the vulnerability occurs due to insufficient sanitization of the ‘pingIp’ parameter, allowing an attacker to inject arbitrary commands. These commands are then executed with root privileges on the underlying system.
This essentially means that an attacker can execute any command of their choosing, which opens up a multitude of potential harmful actions, including system compromise and data leakage.

Conceptual Example Code

Here is a conceptual example of how the vulnerability might be exploited. This example demonstrates a malicious HTTP POST request to the vulnerable endpoint.

POST /adm.cgi HTTP/1.1
Host: target.example.com
Content-Type: application/x-www-form-urlencoded
ping_test=1&pingIp=;cat /etc/passwd

In this example, the `pingIp` parameter is being abused to inject a command (`cat /etc/passwd`) which would dump the contents of the passwd file, potentially revealing sensitive information.

Mitigation

Until a patch is released by the vendor, the recommended mitigation strategy is to use a Web Application Firewall (WAF) or Intrusion Detection System (IDS) to detect and block attempts to exploit this vulnerability. These systems should be configured to monitor for suspicious POST requests to the /adm.cgi endpoint and to sanitize the ‘pingIp’ parameter.
It’s worth mentioning that while this mitigation would provide a level of protection, it is not a complete fix. The only surefire way to close this vulnerability is to apply the official vendor patch once it becomes available.

Overview

The vulnerability *CVE-2025-2812* represents a serious security flaw in Mydata Informatics Ticket Sales Automation software. This vulnerability allows an attacker to manipulate SQL commands, leading to potential system compromise or data leakage. This blog post aims to provide a comprehensive understanding of this vulnerability, detailing its impact, potential exploits, and mitigation strategies.

Vulnerability Summary

CVE ID: CVE-2025-2812
Severity: Critical (CVSS: 9.8)
Attack Vector: Network
Privileges Required: None
User Interaction: None
Impact: System compromise, Data leakage

Affected Products

Product | Affected Versions

Mydata Informatics Ticket Sales Automation | Before 03.04.2025

How the Exploit Works

The vulnerability exploits the lack of proper neutralization of special elements used in SQL commands within the Mydata Informatics Ticket Sales Automation. This improper neutralization allows an attacker to inject malicious SQL code or commands into the software. Due to its blind SQL injection nature, the attacker doesn’t require any prior knowledge about the database structure or setup. By manipulating the input data, the attacker can potentially compromise the system, steal, modify, or delete data.

Conceptual Example Code

The following is a
conceptual
example of how the vulnerability might be exploited using a malicious SQL command:

POST /ticketsales/login HTTP/1.1
Host: target.example.com
Content-Type: application/json
{ "username": "admin", "password": "password' OR '1'='1'; --" }

In this example, the attacker uses the SQL Injection technique to bypass the login mechanism by always making the SQL query return true.

Mitigation Guidance

The primary mitigation for this vulnerability is to apply the vendor-provided patch. Mydata Informatics has released a patch for Ticket Sales Automation versions affected by CVE-2025-2812. It is highly recommended to apply this patch immediately to prevent potential system compromise or data leakage.
In case the patch cannot be applied immediately, using a Web Application Firewall (WAF) or an Intrusion Detection System (IDS) can serve as a temporary mitigation strategy. These tools can help detect and block SQL Injection attempts.
Regularly updating and patching software, as well as implementing secure coding practices and input validation, are key to preventing similar vulnerabilities in the future.

Overview

This blog post delves into the intricacies of a critical vulnerability identified in the Agentflow software from Flowring Technology. CVE-2025-3709, as it is officially designated, allows unauthenticated remote attackers to exploit an Account Lockout Bypass vulnerability, enabling them to perform password brute force attacks. This vulnerability holds great weight because of its potential to compromise systems or even lead to severe data leakage, impacting any organization using the affected software.

Vulnerability Summary

CVE ID: CVE-2025-3709
Severity: Critical, CVSS score 9.8
Attack Vector: Network
Privileges Required: None
User Interaction: None
Impact: System compromise and potential data leakage

Affected Products

Product | Affected Versions

Agentflow | All versions prior to the vendor patch

How the Exploit Works

CVE-2025-3709 exploits a weakness in the account lockout mechanism of Agentflow. Under normal circumstances, after a certain number of failed login attempts, a user account would be locked out, preventing further attempts. However, this vulnerability allows an attacker to bypass the lockout mechanism, thereby allowing them to continuously attempt to crack the password through brute force. Given enough time and computational power, this could potentially lead to unauthorized access to the system.

Conceptual Example Code

Below is a
conceptual
example of how the vulnerability might be exploited using a brute force script.

import requests
target_url = 'http://target.example.com/login'
username = 'admin'
passwords = ['password1', 'password2', 'password3', ...]  # a list of possible passwords
for password in passwords:
response = requests.post(target_url, data={'username': username, 'password': password})
if 'Login failed' not in response.text:
print(f'Success! The password is {password}')
break

This script would attempt to log in to the target URL with a list of possible passwords. If the login fails, the script continues to the next password. If the login is successful, the script stops and prints the discovered password.
Remember, this is purely a conceptual scenario for educational purposes and should not be used for malicious activities. Always act ethically and respect privacy.

Overview

Security vulnerabilities in medical practice management systems can pose severe threats to the integrity and confidentiality of sensitive patient data. The CVE-2025-3708 is a prime example of such a vulnerability, affecting the Le-show medical practice management system from Le-yan. This high-risk SQL Injection vulnerability allows unauthenticated remote attackers to execute arbitrary SQL commands, potentially leading to unauthorized access and modification of database contents. As such, it is a significant concern for healthcare providers using the affected system and warrants immediate attention and rectification.

Vulnerability Summary

CVE ID: CVE-2025-3708
Severity: Critical (CVSS: 9.8)
Attack Vector: Network
Privileges Required: None
User Interaction: None
Impact: Unauthorized reading, modification, and deletion of database contents, leading to potential system compromise or data leakage.

Affected Products

Product | Affected Versions

Le-show medical practice management system | All versions prior to the patch

How the Exploit Works

The exploit works by taking advantage of insufficient input sanitization within the Le-show system. This vulnerability allows an attacker to inject malicious SQL queries into the system, which are then executed by the database. As no authentication is required, a remote attacker can exploit this vulnerability to interact with the database, potentially leading to unauthorized access, alteration, or deletion of data.

Conceptual Example Code

Below is a conceptual example of how the vulnerability might be exploited. Please note this is not actual exploit code, but a demonstration of the type of malicious SQL query an attacker might use:

POST /Le-show/login HTTP/1.1
Host: target.example.com
Content-Type: application/x-www-form-urlencoded
username=admin'; DROP TABLE Patients; --&password=test

In this example, the SQL command ‘DROP TABLE Patients’ is injected into the ‘username’ field of a login request. If the system is vulnerable, this command will delete the ‘Patients’ table from the database.

Mitigation Guidance

To mitigate this vulnerability, users should immediately apply the vendor-supplied patch. If this is not possible, a Web Application Firewall (WAF) or Intrusion Detection System (IDS) could be used as a temporary mitigation measure. These tools can help to filter out SQL Injection attacks by identifying and blocking malicious SQL commands. However, these are not long-term solutions and cannot fully guarantee protection against the vulnerability. As such, applying the vendor patch should be prioritized to fully address the security flaw.

Overview

The CVE-2025-3746 vulnerability affects the OTP-less One Tap Sign in plugin for WordPress, a popular content management system used by millions of websites worldwide. This vulnerability, if exploited, can lead to privilege escalation via account takeover, making it particularly harmful to any organization using vulnerable versions of the plugin. What makes this vulnerability notable is the lack of proper validation of a user’s identity before updating their details-a loophole that could potentially allow unauthorized attackers to compromise user accounts, including those of administrators.

Vulnerability Summary

CVE ID: CVE-2025-3746
Severity: Critical (9.8)
Attack Vector: Network
Privileges Required: None
User Interaction: None
Impact: System Compromise, Potential Data Leakage

Affected Products

Product | Affected Versions

OTP-less One Tap Sign in WordPress Plugin | 2.0.14 to 2.0.59

How the Exploit Works

The vulnerability lies in the improper validation of a user’s identity by the OTP-less one tap Sign in plugin for WordPress. This allows an unauthenticated attacker to change the email addresses of arbitrary users, including administrators, by sending a malicious request to the server. Once the email address is changed, the attacker can then initiate a password reset for the compromised account, effectively granting them access. Furthermore, the plugin returns authentication cookies in the response, which can be used by the attacker to directly access the account.

Conceptual Example Code

Below is a conceptual example of a malicious HTTP request that could potentially exploit this vulnerability:

POST /wp-admin/admin-ajax.php?action=otpl_otsi_update_email HTTP/1.1
Host: targetwebsite.com
Content-Type: application/x-www-form-urlencoded
user_id=1&new_email=attacker@evil.com

In this example, the `user_id` parameter is the ID of the user account to be attacked (with `1` commonly being the administrator’s account in WordPress), and the `new_email` parameter is the email address controlled by the attacker. If the request is successful, the targeted user’s email will be changed to the attacker’s email.

Overview

The vulnerability CVE-2025-2605 is a critical flaw identified in Honeywell’s MB-Secure series which allows unauthorized users to execute arbitrary OS commands, leading to potential system compromise or data leakage. This vulnerability affects a wide range of versions of Honeywell MB-Secure and MB-Secure PRO, used extensively in industries ranging from manufacturing to healthcare. With a CVSS Severity score of 9.9, this vulnerability has a high potential for catastrophic impact if not mitigated promptly.

Vulnerability Summary

CVE ID: CVE-2025-2605
Severity: Critical (9.9 CVSS score)
Attack Vector: Network
Privileges Required: None
User Interaction: None
Impact: System compromise, potential data leakage

Affected Products

Product | Affected Versions

Honeywell MB-Secure | V11.04 – V12.52
Honeywell MB-Secure PRO | V01.06 – V03.08

How the Exploit Works

This vulnerability stems from improper neutralization of special elements used in an OS Command within the Honeywell MB-Secure software. An attacker can exploit this flaw by sending a specially crafted request containing malicious OS commands to the affected device. The system, failing to properly sanitize the input, executes the malicious commands, potentially leading to unauthorized system access, changes in configuration, or data exfiltration.

Conceptual Example Code

Here’s a conceptual example of how the vulnerability might be exploited:

POST /api/execute HTTP/1.1
Host: target.example.com
Content-Type: application/json
{ "command": "rm -rf / --no-preserve-root" }

In this example, the attacker sends a malicious POST request that instructs the system to delete all files in the root directory. Because the system fails to properly sanitize user inputs, it executes the command, leading to a catastrophic system failure.

Mitigation Guidance

The primary mitigation for this vulnerability is to apply the latest patch provided by Honeywell. The company recommends updating MB-Secure to version V12.53 or later and MB-Secure PRO to version V03.09 or later. In the absence of immediate patch application, temporary mitigation can be achieved by using a Web Application Firewall (WAF) or an Intrusion Detection System (IDS) to block or alert on suspicious activities and requests.