Author: Ameeba

CVE-2025-43558: Out-of-Bounds Write Vulnerability in InDesign Desktop Versions
Overview

CVE-2025-43558 is a critical vulnerability that primarily targets InDesign Desktop versions ID20.2, ID19.5.3, and earlier. It comprises an out-of-bounds write vulnerability, potentially resulting in arbitrary code execution within the user’s context. This exploit poses a significant threat to users as it could lead to system compromise or data leakage, turning a seemingly innocuous file into a dangerous weapon. Given its potential impact and severity, understanding and mitigating this vulnerability should be a priority for all users of the affected InDesign versions.

Vulnerability Summary

CVE ID: CVE-2025-43558
Severity: High (7.8 CVSS Score)
Attack Vector: Local
Privileges Required: None
User Interaction: Required
Impact: Arbitrary code execution, potential system compromise, and data leakage

Affected Products

Product | Affected Versions

InDesign Desktop | ID20.2
InDesign Desktop | ID19.5.3 and earlier versions

How the Exploit Works

The vulnerability CVE-2025-43558 occurs due to insufficient boundary checks when handling certain file inputs in Adobe InDesign. This oversight allows an attacker to write data past the allocated memory buffer (an “out-of-bounds” write), which can lead to a memory corruption. If a user opens a maliciously crafted file, the attacker can exploit this corruption to execute arbitrary code within the context of the current user.

Conceptual Example Code

While a specific exploit code for this vulnerability is not available, the below pseudocode illustrates the conceptual working of an out-of-bounds write vulnerability:
```
// Pseudocode illustrating the concept of an out-of-bounds write
char buffer[10];
// Assume that the attacker can control the value of 'index' and 'value'
int index = getUserInput();
char value = getUserInput();
// If 'index' is greater than 9, this write is out-of-bounds
buffer[index] = value;
```
In this pseudocode, if the attacker provides an ‘index’ value greater than 9, the write will occur out-of-bounds, leading to memory corruption.

Mitigation Guidance

Users are advised to apply the vendor-released patch to fix this vulnerability. If the patch is not immediately available, implementing a Web Application Firewall (WAF) or Intrusion Detection System (IDS) can serve as a temporary mitigation measure. Regularly updating software, avoiding untrusted files, and using reliable security solutions can also help prevent the exploitation of such vulnerabilities.
August 7, 2025
CVE-2025-33075: A Critical Windows Installer Vulnerability that Leads to Privilege Elevation
Overview

The Common Vulnerabilities and Exposures (CVE) system has recently identified a new and critical vulnerability in the Windows Installer, labelled as CVE-2025-33075. This vulnerability allows an authorized attacker to improperly resolve a link before file access, leading to a potential elevation of privileges. This particular exploit has a significant impact on the cybersecurity landscape due to its potential for system compromise or data leakage.
The importance of understanding and mitigating this vulnerability cannot be overstated. It affects a wide range of users, given the ubiquity of Windows operating systems, and its exploitation can lead to substantial breaches in security. The implications of not addressing this vulnerability promptly could be far-reaching, affecting both individual users and larger organizations alike.

Vulnerability Summary

CVE ID: CVE-2025-33075
Severity: High (7.8 CVSS score)
Attack Vector: Local
Privileges Required: Low
User Interaction: Required
Impact: Potential system compromise or data leakage

Affected Products

Product | Affected Versions

Windows Installer | All versions prior to the latest patch

How the Exploit Works

The vulnerability hinges on the ‘link following’ aspect of the Windows Installer. An attacker with authorized access can manipulate the process of link resolution before file access in the installer. This manipulation could allow the attacker to redirect links and file paths, potentially gaining unauthorized access to files or escalating their privileges within the system.

Conceptual Example Code

Consider the following pseudocode example of how this vulnerability might be exploited:
```
BEGIN
AUTHENTICATE AS VALID USER
INITIATE WINDOWS INSTALLER
MANIPULATE LINK RESOLUTION TO TARGET FILE PATH
REDIRECT TO UNAUTHORIZED FILE OR DIRECTORY
ACCESS OR MODIFY TARGET FILE/DIRECTORY
END
```
This conceptual example demonstrates how an attacker might exploit the vulnerability. They first authenticate as a valid user, initiate the Windows Installer, and then manipulate the link resolution to target a specific file path. The attacker then redirects the file access to an unauthorized file or directory, which they can then access or modify. This manipulation could lead to a range of impacts, including system compromise or data leakage.

Mitigation Guidance

To mitigate this vulnerability, it is recommended to apply the vendor patch as soon as it is available. If the patch is not immediately available or deployable, using a Web Application Firewall (WAF) or an Intrusion Detection System (IDS) can provide temporary mitigation. These systems can monitor, detect, and block suspicious activities, thereby reducing the risk of exploitation.
August 7, 2025
CVE-2025-52289: Broken Access Control Vulnerability in MagnusBilling v7.8.5.3
Overview

The Common Vulnerabilities and Exposures (CVE) system has recently identified a new vulnerability, CVE-2025-52289, within the MagnusBilling software version 7.8.5.3. This vulnerability is a significant cybersecurity concern, as it allows newly registered users to escalate their privileges without requiring administrator approval. This security flaw primarily impacts businesses and organizations that utilize MagnusBilling for their telecommunication needs. The implications of this vulnerability are severe, with potential system compromise or data leakage being the most notable risks.

Vulnerability Summary

CVE ID: CVE-2025-52289
Severity: High (8.0 CVSS score)
Attack Vector: Network
Privileges Required: Low
User Interaction: Required
Impact: System compromise or data leakage

Affected Products

Product | Affected Versions

MagnusBilling | v7.8.5.3

How the Exploit Works

The exploit works by taking advantage of the broken access control in MagnusBilling v7.8.5.3. The vulnerability allows a newly registered user to send a crafted request to /mbilling/index.php/user/save. This request changes the status of the user’s account from “pending” to “active” without requiring admin approval. As a result, this user gains escalated privileges, potentially leading to unauthorized information access, system compromise, or data leakage.

Conceptual Example Code

The following is a conceptual example of how the vulnerability might be exploited.
```
POST /mbilling/index.php/user/save HTTP/1.1
Host: target.example.com
Content-Type: application/json
{
"userId": "newUser",
"status": "active"
}
```
In this example, a new user, ‘newUser’, crafts a JSON payload to set their status to ‘active’, bypassing admin approval and escalating their account privileges.

Mitigation

To mitigate this vulnerability, MagnusBilling users are advised to apply the vendor’s patch as soon as it is available. In the meantime, implementing a Web Application Firewall (WAF) or Intrusion Detection System (IDS) can provide temporary mitigation. These prevention techniques monitor network traffic and detect unusual or potentially harmful activities. Organizations should also consider employing a least privilege policy, limiting user permissions to the bare minimum required for their role, thus reducing the potential impact of such vulnerabilities.
August 7, 2025
CVE-2025-6000: Privilege Escalation Vulnerability in Vault’s Configuration
Overview

The Common Vulnerabilities and Exposures (CVE) system has recently identified a critical vulnerability, CVE-2025-6000, within the configuration of Vault, a popular tool used for securing, storing, and controlling access to tokens, passwords, certificates, API keys, and other secrets in modern computing. This security flaw poses a significant risk to privileged Vault operators who have write permission to the {{sys/audit}} within the root namespace, potentially enabling them to execute code on the underlying host if a plugin directory is set in Vault’s configuration.
This vulnerability is of particular concern due to its impact on potential system compromise or data leakage, posing a serious threat to the confidentiality, integrity, and availability of sensitive data. The severity of the flaw, with a CVSS score of 9.1, emphasizes its critical nature and the urgency with which it must be addressed.

Vulnerability Summary

CVE ID: CVE-2025-6000
Severity: Critical – CVSS 9.1
Attack Vector: Local
Privileges Required: High (Vault operator within the root namespace with write permission to {{sys/audit}})
User Interaction: None
Impact: Code execution on the underlying host leading to potential system compromise or data leakage

Affected Products

Product | Affected Versions

Vault Community Edition | Versions prior to 1.20.1
Vault Enterprise | Versions prior to 1.20.1, 1.19.7, 1.18.12, and 1.16.23

How the Exploit Works

This vulnerability arises when a privileged Vault operator within the root namespace has write permission to {{sys/audit}} and a plugin directory is set in Vault’s configuration. This configuration flaw allows the operator to arbitrarily write audit log entries, which can lead to a potential overflow of the audit log. An attacker could exploit this flaw to execute arbitrary code on the underlying host system, thereby compromising the system and potentially leading to data leakage.

Conceptual Example Code

The following conceptual code illustrates how the vulnerability might be exploited.
```
# Assume the operator has write permission to {{sys/audit}}
vault write sys/audit/file/log_raw true
vault write sys/audit/file/enable true
# The operator can now make arbitrary audit log entries
vault write sys/audit/log/entry data='{"malicious_code":"..."}'
```
The above conceptual example is an oversimplification of the exploit, but it illustrates the overall mechanism of the vulnerability. The actual exploit would likely involve more complex code and manipulation of the system’s internals.
The immediate step to mitigate this vulnerability is to apply the vendor-provided patches or use Web Application Firewalls (WAF) or Intrusion Detection Systems (IDS) as temporary mitigation.
August 7, 2025
CVE-2025-52390: High-Risk SQL Injection Vulnerability in Saurus CMS Community Edition
Overview

This article discusses a critical security issue found in Saurus CMS Community Edition, tagged with the CVE number CVE-2025-52390. This vulnerability, specifically a SQL Injection vulnerability, can be traced back to a commit (d886e5b0) made on April 23, 2010. This flaw has a high potential for causing system compromise and data leakage, affecting countless websites that utilize the Saurus CMS Community Edition for content management.
The severity of this issue lies in the fact that it allows attackers to directly manipulate SQL logic and potentially extract sensitive information or escalate their privileges. This means that the security and privacy of user data are at risk, making it a critical issue that needs to be addressed immediately.

Vulnerability Summary

CVE ID: CVE-2025-52390
Severity: Critical (CVSS: 9.1)
Attack Vector: Network
Privileges Required: None
User Interaction: Required
Impact: Potential System Compromise or Data Leakage

Affected Products

Product | Affected Versions

Saurus CMS Community Edition | Since commit d886e5b0 (2010-04-23)

How the Exploit Works

The vulnerability lies in the `prepareSearchQuery()` method in `FulltextSearch.class.php`. The application directly concatenates user-supplied input (`$search_word`) into SQL queries without sanitization. This lack of input validation and sanitization allows an attacker to inject malicious SQL payloads into the `$search_word` parameter, thereby manipulating the SQL logic.

Conceptual Example Code

Here is a conceptual example of how an attacker might exploit this vulnerability:
```
POST /search HTTP/1.1
Host: target.example.com
Content-Type: application/x-www-form-urlencoded
search_word=keyword'; DROP TABLE users;--
```
In this example, the attacker sends a request to the server with a `search_word` parameter containing an SQL injection payload. This payload, once processed by the `prepareSearchQuery()` method, would manipulate the SQL query to delete the ‘users’ table from the database, resulting in a severe loss of data.

Mitigation Guidance

The most effective way to mitigate this vulnerability is by applying the vendor-supplied patch. The patch addresses the root cause by properly sanitizing the user-supplied input in the `prepareSearchQuery()` method.
For those who cannot apply the patch immediately, setting up a Web Application Firewall (WAF) or an Intrusion Detection System (IDS) can serve as a temporary measure. These systems can detect and prevent SQL injection attacks, providing a layer of protection against this vulnerability.
In the long term, it is recommended to adopt secure coding practices, including proper input validation and sanitization, to prevent similar vulnerabilities.
August 7, 2025
CVE-2025-54574: Heap Buffer Overflow Vulnerability in Squid Proxy Leading to Remote Code Execution
Overview

Squid, a widely used caching proxy for the web, suffers from a severe vulnerability in versions 6.3 and below. This vulnerability, designated as CVE-2025-54574, can potentially lead to a heap buffer overflow and even remote code execution attacks. This vulnerability is particularly concerning because of Squid’s widespread use in caching and forwarding web requests, making it a critical component in many network infrastructures. Thus, a successful exploit can have far-reaching consequences, including system compromise and data leakage.

Vulnerability Summary

CVE ID: CVE-2025-54574
Severity: Critical (CVSS 9.3)
Attack Vector: Network
Privileges Required: None
User Interaction: None
Impact: System Compromise, Data Leakage

Affected Products

Product | Affected Versions

Squid | 6.3 and below

How the Exploit Works

The vulnerability stems from incorrect buffer management within Squid when processing URN (Uniform Resource Names). If a malicious actor sends a specially crafted URN to a vulnerable Squid server, it can cause a heap buffer overflow. This overflow can potentially allow the attacker to manipulate the execution flow and execute arbitrary code on the system running the Squid server, resulting in a system compromise.

Conceptual Example Code

Here is a conceptual example of a URN request that could potentially exploit this vulnerability:
```
GET urn:a:b:c:d:e:f:g:h:i:j:k:l:m:n:o:p:q:r:s:t:u:v:w:x:y:z HTTP/1.1
Host: vulnerable-squid-server.com
```
In this example, the URN string is intentionally long and complex to trigger the heap buffer overflow. The URN string may be filled with malicious payloads designed to manipulate the execution flow on the server.

Mitigation

To mitigate this vulnerability, users are strongly advised to update to Squid version 6.4 or later where this vulnerability has been fixed. If upgrading is not immediately feasible, temporarily disabling URN access permissions can serve as a workaround. For additional security, deploying a web application firewall (WAF) or intrusion detection system (IDS) can help in detecting and blocking attempts to exploit this vulnerability.
August 7, 2025
CVE-2025-50870: Incorrect Access Control Vulnerability in Institute-of-Current-Students 1.0
Overview

The Institute-of-Current-Students 1.0, a widely used educational platform, is reported to have a critical vulnerability, CVE-2025-50870. This vulnerability, an instance of Incorrect Access Control, is associated with the mydetailsstudent.php endpoint. It exposes sensitive user data and allows potential system compromise. Given the widespread adoption of this platform, the vulnerability could have far-reaching consequences, including data leakage and privacy violation of students.

Vulnerability Summary

CVE ID: CVE-2025-50870
Severity: Critical (9.8 CVSS Score)
Attack Vector: Network
Privileges Required: None
User Interaction: None
Impact: Information disclosure, potential system compromise, and data leakage

Affected Products

Product | Affected Versions

Institute-of-Current-Students | 1.0

How the Exploit Works

The vulnerability lies within the mydetailsstudent.php endpoint of the Institute-of-Current-Students 1.0 software. Specifically, the myds GET parameter, which is designed to accept an email address as input and fetch the corresponding student’s personal information, fails to validate the identity or permissions of the requesting user. Thus, it allows both authenticated and unauthenticated attackers to manipulate the email value in the request URL and obtain sensitive student details.

Conceptual Example Code

Here’s a conceptual example of how the vulnerability might be exploited using a HTTP GET request:
```
GET /mydetailsstudent.php?myds=target-email@example.com HTTP/1.1
Host: vulnerable-institute.com
```
In this example, an attacker can simply replace “target-email@example.com” with the email address of any student they wish to target. The server will then respond with the personal details associated with that email address, leading to potential information disclosure.

Mitigation Guidance

The optimal solution to this vulnerability is to apply the vendor-supplied patch. Until the patch is applied, a Web Application Firewall (WAF) or Intrusion Detection System (IDS) could be used as a temporary mitigation measure. It is strongly advised to ensure that the identity and permissions of the requesting user are validated before returning personal information.
August 7, 2025
CVE-2025-45150: Insecure Permissions in LangChain-ChatGLM-Webui Leading to Sensitive Data Exposure
Overview

The cybersecurity space is constantly evolving, with new vulnerabilities being discovered and exploited by malicious actors. One such recent vulnerability, CVE-2025-45150, affects the LangChain-ChatGLM-Webui and carries a significant risk to data privacy and system integrity. This vulnerability allows an attacker to view and download sensitive files by using a carefully crafted request, leading to the potential for system compromise and data leakage.
The seriousness of this vulnerability is underscored by its high CVSS Severity Score of 9.8, highlighting the urgent need for affected systems to be patched or otherwise protected. This article will delve into the details of this vulnerability, the risk it poses, and the steps that can be taken to mitigate it.

Vulnerability Summary

CVE ID: CVE-2025-45150
Severity: Critical (9.8)
Attack Vector: Network
Privileges Required: None
User Interaction: None
Impact: Potential system compromise or data leakage

Affected Products

Product | Affected Versions

LangChain-ChatGLM-Webui | Commit ef829

How the Exploit Works

The vulnerability resides in the insecure permissions of the LangChain-ChatGLM-Webui. It allows an attacker to arbitrarily view and download sensitive files by crafting a specific request. This is possible due to the lack of proper access controls on certain data resources within the system.
Once the attacker has identified a target system, they can create a malicious request designed to exploit this flaw. Upon successful execution of the request, the attacker can access and download sensitive files that should otherwise be restricted.

Conceptual Example Code

Here is a conceptual example of how the vulnerability might be exploited. This could be done by sending a carefully crafted HTTP request to the target system:
```
GET /sensitive/files HTTP/1.1
Host: target.example.com
Content-Type: application/json
{ "request": "Download_All" }
```
Mitigation

To protect their systems from this vulnerability, users are advised to apply the vendor-provided patch as soon as possible. If immediate patching is not possible, users can use a Web Application Firewall (WAF) or Intrusion Detection System (IDS) to detect and block exploit attempts. These measures can serve as a temporary mitigation until the patch can be applied. Regularly updating and monitoring system logs can also help identify any unauthorized access attempts.
August 7, 2025
CVE-2025-50472: Arbitrary Code Execution Vulnerability in modelscope/ms-swift library
Overview

CVE-2025-50472 is a critical vulnerability that resides in the modelscope/ms-swift library up to and including version 2.6.1. The vulnerability allows an attacker to execute arbitrary code remotely by exploiting the deserialization of untrusted data in the `load_model_meta()` function. This flaw poses a serious threat to any system running the vulnerable software, potentially leading to system compromise or leakage of sensitive data.
The vulnerability is particularly concerning due to the stealthy nature of its exploitation. The malicious payload is hidden, and the normal training process remains unaffected even after the arbitrary code execution, making it extremely difficult for the user to detect any malicious activities. This blog post offers a detailed analysis of the vulnerability, its potential impact, and the steps necessary to mitigate its risks.

Vulnerability Summary

CVE ID: CVE-2025-50472
Severity: Critical (CVSS 9.8)
Attack Vector: Network
Privileges Required: None
User Interaction: Required
Impact: System Compromise, Potential Data Leakage

Affected Products

Product | Affected Versions

modelscope/ms-swift | <= 2.6.1 How the Exploit Works

The vulnerability exploits the `load_model_meta()` function of the `ModelFileSystemCache()` class in the modelscope/ms-swift library. This function uses `pickle.load()` to deserialize data from potentially untrusted sources.
An attacker can craft a malicious serialized `.mdl` payload and deceive the victim into loading it during a normal training process. This subsequently allows the attacker to execute arbitrary code on the targeted machine. The payload file is hidden, making it difficult for the victim to notice any tampering. Moreover, the normal training process remains unaffected even after the arbitrary code execution, leaving the user unaware of the exploit.

Conceptual Example Code

While the actual exploit code is complex and beyond the scope of this blog post due to its malicious nature, a conceptual example might look something like this:
```
import pickle
import os
# Malicious code to be executed
class Exploit(object):
def __reduce__(self):
return (os.system, ('<arbitrary command>',))
# Serialize malicious code into .mdl payload
with open('.hidden_mdl_payload.mdl', 'wb') as file:
pickle.dump(Exploit(), file)
```
In this conceptual example, the `Exploit` class defines a `__reduce__` method that, when unpickled, results in the execution of an arbitrary command. This malicious `.mdl` file is then loaded unsuspectingly by the victim during the normal training process, leading to arbitrary code execution.
August 7, 2025
CVE-2025-50460: Remote Code Execution Vulnerability in ms-swift Project
Overview

In this blog post, we delve into a high-severity vulnerability, CVE-2025-50460, that exists in the ms-swift project version 3.3.0. The vulnerability is classified as a Remote Code Execution (RCE), one of the most dangerous forms of cybersecurity flaws. By exploiting this vulnerability, an attacker can compromise a system, leading to potential data leakage or full system control. This vulnerability is particularly concerning because it can be exploited remotely, which means an attacker does not need physical access to the vulnerable system.

Vulnerability Summary

CVE ID: CVE-2025-50460
Severity: Critical (9.8 CVSS Score)
Attack Vector: Network
Privileges Required: None
User Interaction: None
Impact: Potential system compromise or data leakage

Affected Products

Product | Affected Versions

ms-swift | 3.3.0

How the Exploit Works

The vulnerability resides in the tests/run.py file of the ms-swift project. Specifically, it has to do with the unsafe deserialization of a YAML configuration file using yaml.load() from the PyYAML library. If an attacker can control the content of the YAML configuration file passed to the –run_config parameter, they can execute arbitrary code during deserialization. The vulnerability is triggered when a malicious YAML file is loaded, which allows the execution of arbitrary Python commands such as os.system(), leading to full system compromise.

Conceptual Example Code

Below is a conceptual example of the malicious payload that could be used to exploit this vulnerability:
```
# Load malicious YAML file
with open("malicious.yaml", "r") as file:
data = yaml.load(file)
# Malicious YAML content
"""
!!python/object/apply:os.system ['cat /etc/passwd > /tmp/passwords.txt']
"""
```
In this example, the malicious YAML file contains a Python os.system() command that exports the content of the /etc/passwd file (which contains user account details) to a file named passwords.txt in the /tmp directory. This is just a simple example; an attacker could execute any command that the system permissions allow.

Mitigation Guidance

The best way to mitigate this vulnerability is to upgrade the PyYAML library to version 5.4 or higher and replace yaml.load() with yaml.safe_load() in the tests/run.py script. This will prevent arbitrary code execution during YAML deserialization. As a temporary measure until the patch can be applied, it is recommended to use a Web Application Firewall (WAF) or intrusion detection system (IDS) to detect and block any attempts to exploit this vulnerability.
August 7, 2025