Author: Ameeba

  • CVE-2025-58628: SQL Injection Vulnerability in kamleshyadav Miraculous

    Overview

    CVE-2025-58628 is a high-severity vulnerability discovered in kamleshyadav Miraculous, a widely used software application. This vulnerability enables attackers to conduct SQL Injection attacks, a common yet highly destructive cyber threat, which allows unauthorized access to sensitive data and potentially compromises the entire system.
    As a prevalent mode of attack, SQL Injection poses severe risks to any organization and individual using the affected versions of Miraculous. It highlights the critical need for regular patching and strong security measures to protect against these types of vulnerabilities.

    Vulnerability Summary

    CVE ID: CVE-2025-58628
    Severity: High (9.3 CVSS Score)
    Attack Vector: Network
    Privileges Required: Low
    User Interaction: None
    Impact: Potential system compromise, data leakage

    Affected Products

    Product | Affected Versions

    kamleshyadav Miraculous | All versions up to the latest release

    How the Exploit Works

    The vulnerability is due to improper neutralization of special elements used in an SQL command within the Miraculous software. In essence, this allows an attacker to manipulate the SQL queries being sent to the database by injecting malicious SQL commands. This is typically done by sending unexpected input data that the software does not correctly sanitize.
    As a result, the attacker can manipulate the database query to leak information, modify data, or even execute administrative commands on the database server, leading to a full system compromise depending on the database privileges.

    Conceptual Example Code

    Here’s an example of how the vulnerability might be exploited using a manipulated HTTP request:

    POST /vulnerable/endpoint HTTP/1.1
Host: target.example.com
Content-Type: application/x-www-form-urlencoded
username=admin' OR '1'='1'; --&password=Passw0rd

    In this example, the malicious payload is the string `’ OR ‘1’=’1′; –` injected into the username field. This alters the SQL query such that it will return true for every record in the database, potentially bypassing authentication measures and granting the attacker administrative access.

    Mitigation Strategies

    The recommended mitigation for this vulnerability is to apply the patch provided by the vendor as soon as it is available. Until then, using a Web Application Firewall (WAF) or an Intrusion Detection System (IDS) can provide temporary mitigation by blocking known SQL Injection attack patterns. Additionally, ensure to follow best practices for secure coding to prevent such vulnerabilities from being introduced in the future.

  • CVE-2025-35452: Default Shared Credentials Vulnerability in PTZOptics and Other ValueHD-based Cameras

    Overview

    CVE-2025-35452 is a critical security vulnerability that affects PTZOptics and possibly other ValueHD-based pan-tilt-zoom cameras. The crux of the vulnerability lies in these devices using default, shared credentials for their administrative web interface, thus making them an easy target for potential attackers. In the realm of cybersecurity, this vulnerability matters greatly as it opens up a potential avenue for system compromise or data leakage, putting both personal and professional data at risk.

    Vulnerability Summary

    CVE ID: CVE-2025-35452
    Severity: Critical (CVSS: 9.8)
    Attack Vector: Network-based
    Privileges Required: None
    User Interaction: None
    Impact: System compromise or data leakage

    Affected Products

    Product | Affected Versions

    PTZOptics Cameras | All Versions
    ValueHD-based Cameras | All Versions

    How the Exploit Works

    The exploit takes advantage of the default, shared credentials used by the administrative web interface of the affected cameras. An attacker could utilize these credentials to gain unauthorized access to the system. Once access is gained, the attacker could then execute arbitrary code, manipulate the system, or extract sensitive information. The absence of required user interaction or special privileges makes this vulnerability particularly dangerous.

    Conceptual Example Code

    Here is a conceptual example of how the vulnerability might be exploited using a simple HTTP request:

    GET /admin HTTP/1.1
Host: target.example.com
Authorization: Basic [Base64 encoded default credentials]
User-Agent: curl/7.64.1
Accept: */*

    In this example, the attacker sends a GET request to the administrative web interface (“/admin”) of the targeted camera. The “Authorization” header contains the Base64 encoded default credentials, granting the attacker unauthorized access to the system.

    Mitigation

    The best course of action to mitigate this vulnerability is to apply the vendor patch as soon as it becomes available. Until the patch is released, using a Web Application Firewall (WAF) or an Intrusion Detection System (IDS) can help detect and prevent potential attacks. Additionally, changing the default credentials of the administrative web interface to unique, strong passwords can help safeguard the system against unauthorized access.

  • CVE-2025-35451: Unchangeable Hard-Coded Credentials in PTZOptics Cameras Expose Users to Data Leakage

    Overview

    PTZOptics cameras, and potentially other ValueHD-based pan-tilt-zoom cameras, have become a potential security risk due to a vulnerability identified as CVE-2025-35451. This vulnerability stems from the use of hard-coded, default administrative credentials in these cameras, which cannot be altered by the user. This makes it easy for cybercriminals to crack the passwords and gain unauthorized access. Moreover, many of these cameras have SSH or telnet services listening on all interfaces, which cannot be disabled by the users, thereby increasing the level of the security risk. This situation is particularly concerning due to the high possibility of system compromise and data leakage.

    Vulnerability Summary

    CVE ID: CVE-2025-35451
    Severity: Critical (CVSS score 9.8)
    Attack Vector: Network
    Privileges Required: None
    User Interaction: None
    Impact: System compromise and potential data leakage

    Affected Products

    Product | Affected Versions

    PTZOptics | All versions
    ValueHD-based PTZ Cameras | All versions

    How the Exploit Works

    The exploit operates by leveraging the hard-coded, default administrative credentials in the PTZOptics and possibly other ValueHD-based pan-tilt-zoom cameras. An attacker can easily crack the passwords and gain unauthorized access to the camera system. This is further compounded by the fact that many of these cameras have SSH or telnet services listening on all interfaces, which cannot be disabled by the user. With this unrestricted access, the attacker can compromise the system and potentially cause significant data leakage.

    Conceptual Example Code

    Below is a conceptual example of how an attacker might exploit this vulnerability using SSH:

    ssh admin@target.camera.ip
password: admin
# The attacker is now logged in as an admin and can execute any command

    Note: This is a conceptual example demonstrating the vulnerability, not an actual guide to exploiting systems. Misuse of this information can violate laws and ethical standards.

    Mitigation Guidance

    Given the severity of this vulnerability, it is urgent for users to apply the vendor patch as soon as it becomes available. In the interim, users can use a Web Application Firewall (WAF) or an Intrusion Detection System (IDS) to detect and block potential attacks. It is also recommended to isolate these cameras from the internet or any untrusted networks until the patch is applied.

  • CVE-2025-49401: Critical Deserialization of Untrusted Data Vulnerability in ExpressTech Systems Quiz And Survey Master

    Overview

    CVE-2025-49401 is a critical vulnerability discovered in ExpressTech Systems Quiz And Survey Master, a popular software tool used for creating online quizzes and surveys. The vulnerability lies in the deserialization of untrusted data, which potentially allows Object Injection. This vulnerability affects all versions of the software up to and including 10.2.5. Given the severity score of 9.8, this vulnerability is considered highly critical and can lead to significant consequences such as system compromise or data leakage if not mitigated promptly.

    Vulnerability Summary

    CVE ID: CVE-2025-49401
    Severity: Critical (9.8)
    Attack Vector: Network
    Privileges Required: None
    User Interaction: None
    Impact: System compromise and potential data leakage

    Affected Products

    Product | Affected Versions

    ExpressTech Systems Quiz And Survey Master | Up to and including 10.2.5

    How the Exploit Works

    The vulnerability works by exploiting the deserialization process of untrusted data within the application. When an attacker sends a specially crafted object to the application, and the application attempts to deserialize it without proper validation or sanitization, this leads to Object Injection. This can allow an attacker to execute arbitrary code, leading to a potential system compromise or data leakage.

    Conceptual Example Code

    Below is a conceptual example demonstrating how the vulnerability might be exploited:

    POST /api/unsecureDeserialize HTTP/1.1
Host: target.example.com
Content-Type: application/json
{ "malicious_payload": "SerializedObjectWithInjectedCode" }

    In the above example, the attacker sends a serialized object with injected code as part of the JSON payload. This object is then deserialized by the vulnerable endpoint, executing the injected code and compromising the system.

    Solutions and Mitigations

    In response to this critical vulnerability, the vendor has released a patch. Users are strongly advised to apply the patch immediately to mitigate the risk of a potential attack. In situations where the patch cannot be applied immediately, using a Web Application Firewall (WAF) or Intrusion Detection System (IDS) can serve as a temporary mitigation strategy. These systems can help detect and prevent malicious objects from being deserialized, thereby reducing the risk of an exploit.

  • CVE-2025-6376: Remote Code Execution Vulnerability in Rockwell Automation Arena®

    Overview

    The vulnerability CVE-2025-6376 is a worrisome security issue that affects the Rockwell Automation Arena®. A remote code execution vulnerability, it exposes users to potential system compromise and data leakage. This vulnerability is of particular concern to administrators and users of Rockwell Automation Arena® who use this software for simulation and modeling purposes. Given the CVSS severity score of 7.8, it’s clear that the implications of this security flaw are serious and warrant immediate attention.

    Vulnerability Summary

    CVE ID: CVE-2025-6376
    Severity: High (CVSS: 7.8)
    Attack Vector: File-based
    Privileges Required: Administrator
    User Interaction: Required
    Impact: Remote code execution leading to potential system compromise or data leakage

    Affected Products

    Product | Affected Versions

    Rockwell Automation Arena® | All Versions

    How the Exploit Works

    The exploit takes advantage of a flaw in the way Rockwell Automation Arena® handles DOE files. A skilled cyber attacker can create a maliciously crafted DOE file that forces the software to write beyond the boundaries of an allocated object. When a user opens this malicious file within the software, the vulnerability is exploited, allowing the cyber attacker to execute arbitrary code on the target system. However, to cause maximum damage, the software must run under the context of the administrator.

    Conceptual Example Code

    Below is a conceptual example of how the vulnerability might be exploited. Keep in mind, this is not a real exploit, but a simplified example to illustrate the concept:

    using System;
using System.IO;
class Program
{
static void Main()
{
// Create a new DOE file with malicious payload.
string maliciousPayload = "..."; // Exploit code here.
File.WriteAllText("malicious.doe", maliciousPayload);
}
}

    In this example, a malicious DOE file is created with code that exploits the vulnerability in Rockwell Automation Arena®. When a user opens this file within the software, the malicious code is executed.

    Mitigation and Future Prevention

    To mitigate the risk of this vulnerability, users are advised to apply the vendor patch as soon as it’s available. In the meantime, using a Web Application Firewall (WAF) or an Intrusion Detection System (IDS) can provide temporary mitigation. Furthermore, avoid opening any untrusted or suspicious DOE files in Rockwell Automation Arena®. As a long-term measure, organizations are also recommended to implement a policy of least privilege, restricting administrative privileges only to those who absolutely require it.

  • CVE-2025-47133: Adobe Framemaker Out-of-Bounds Write Vulnerability

    Overview

    This article delves into the details of a recently discovered vulnerability, CVE-2025-47133, that affects Adobe Framemaker versions 2020.8, 2022.6, and earlier. This vulnerability is a significant concern due to its potential for arbitrary code execution in the context of the current user. Exploitation requires user interaction, as one must open a malicious file for the vulnerability to take effect. Given the widespread usage of Adobe Framemaker in various industries, the implications of this vulnerability are extensive and warrant immediate attention.

    Vulnerability Summary

    CVE ID: CVE-2025-47133
    Severity: High (7.8 CVSS Score)
    Attack Vector: Local
    Privileges Required: None
    User Interaction: Required
    Impact: Arbitrary code execution, potential system compromise, and data leakage

    Affected Products

    Product | Affected Versions

    Adobe Framemaker | 2020.8 and earlier
    Adobe Framemaker | 2022.6 and earlier

    How the Exploit Works

    The exploit takes advantage of an out-of-bounds write vulnerability in Adobe Framemaker. When a user opens a malicious file, arbitrary code is executed in the context of the current user. This can potentially lead to a system compromise or data leakage. The exploit’s success is highly dependent on user interaction, which adds a social engineering component to the attack vector.

    Conceptual Example Code

    The following pseudocode shows a conceptual framework of how the vulnerability might be exploited:

    def exploit(adobe_file):
# Create a malicious file
malicious_file = create_malicious_file()
# Send the malicious file to the user
send_file_to_user(malicious_file, user_email)
if user_opens_file(malicious_file):
execute_arbitrary_code(malicious_file)
compromise_system()
leak_data()

    Note: This code is a conceptual representation and is not intended to provide a working example of the actual exploit.

    Mitigation

    Users are advised to apply the vendor patch as soon as it becomes available. Until then, employing a Web Application Firewall (WAF) or Intrusion Detection System (IDS) can serve as a temporary mitigation measure. Regular updating of software versions can also be an effective way of preventing such vulnerabilities. Always be cautious of opening files from unknown sources as user interaction is a prerequisite for this exploit.

  • CVE-2025-47132: Adobe Framemaker Out-of-Bounds Write Vulnerability

    Overview

    The cybersecurity world is always evolving, with new threats and vulnerabilities emerging regularly. One such vulnerability, CVE-2025-47132, affects Adobe Framemaker versions 2020.8, 2022.6 and earlier. This vulnerability is an out-of-bounds write issue that could result in arbitrary code execution in the context of the current user. It poses a serious risk to users of the affected Adobe Framemaker versions and could lead to potential system compromise or data leakage, making it a significant concern for cybersecurity professionals and users alike.

    Vulnerability Summary

    CVE ID: CVE-2025-47132
    Severity: High (7.8 CVSS Score)
    Attack Vector: Local
    Privileges Required: User
    User Interaction: Required
    Impact: Arbitrary code execution, potential system compromise or data leakage

    Affected Products

    Product | Affected Versions

    Adobe Framemaker | 2020.8 and earlier
    Adobe Framemaker | 2022.6 and earlier

    How the Exploit Works

    The exploit takes advantage of an out-of-bounds write vulnerability in Adobe Framemaker. An attacker, by enticing a user to open a specially crafted malicious file, can cause the application to write data beyond the end of an allocated object. This can corrupt valid data and potentially lead to arbitrary code execution. The code would run in the context of the current user, and if the user has administrative privileges, the attacker could take control of the affected system.

    Conceptual Example Code

    Consider the following pseudocode illustrating how an attacker might create a malicious file to exploit this vulnerability:

    function createMaliciousFile() {
// Create a new file
File file = new File("malicious.frmk");
// Write data that exceeds the allocated buffer size
for (int i = 0; i <= BUFFER_SIZE + 1; i++) {
file.write("malicious_data");
}
// Save the file
file.save();
// The file now contains data that, when opened in Adobe Framemaker,
// will result in an out-of-bounds write, leading potentially to arbitrary code execution.
}

    In this conceptual example, “BUFFER_SIZE” represents the maximum amount of data that can safely be written to a file. By writing more data than this, the attacker creates a condition that can result in an out-of-bounds write when the file is opened in Adobe Framemaker. This is a simplified example, and actual exploit code would likely be more complex.

  • CVE-2025-47131: Critical Heap-based Buffer Overflow Vulnerability in Adobe Framemaker

    Overview

    The Common Vulnerabilities and Exposures (CVE) system has identified a critical flaw in Adobe Framemaker versions 2020.8, 2022.6 and earlier, dubbed CVE-2025-47131. This vulnerability is a Heap-based Buffer Overflow that can potentially allow an attacker to execute arbitrary code in the context of the current user. This vulnerability is of significant concern as it could lead to a system compromise or severe data leakage, proving disastrous for businesses and individual users alike. The exploitation of this vulnerability requires user interaction, as the victim must open a malicious file.

    Vulnerability Summary

    CVE ID: CVE-2025-47131
    Severity: High (7.8 CVSS Score)
    Attack Vector: Local
    Privileges Required: None
    User Interaction: Required
    Impact: Potential system compromise and data leakage

    Affected Products

    Product | Affected Versions

    Adobe Framemaker | 2020.8, 2022.6 and earlier versions

    How the Exploit Works

    The CVE-2025-47131 exploit operates by taking advantage of a Heap-based Buffer Overflow vulnerability in Adobe Framemaker. An attacker, with the help of a maliciously crafted file, can cause the software to write data beyond the end of a buffer allocated in the heap. This overflow of data can corrupt the data, crash the software, or allow the attacker to execute arbitrary code. The execution of the arbitrary code occurs in the context of the current user, enabling the attacker to gain user-level privileges on the system.

    Conceptual Example Code

    The following pseudocode provides a conceptual understanding of how the vulnerability might be exploited:

    def exploit_CVE_2025_47131(malicious_file):
buffer = allocate_heap_buffer()
user = get_current_user()
# Craft malicious file to cause buffer overflow
with open(malicious_file, "rb") as file:
buffer.write(file.read())
# Execute arbitrary code in the context of the current user
execute_arbitrary_code(user, buffer)
exploit_CVE_2025_47131("malicious_file.framemaker")

    This code represents the process of how an attacker would utilize a malicious file to overflow the heap buffer and subsequently execute arbitrary code.

  • CVE-2025-47130: Integer Underflow Vulnerability in Adobe Framemaker Leads to Arbitrary Code Execution

    Overview

    In the realm of cybersecurity, vulnerabilities are often lurking where we least expect them. The present case involves Adobe Framemaker, a popular desktop publishing software, which has been discovered to harbor a significant security flaw. This flaw, designated as CVE-2025-47130, affects versions 2020.8, 2022.6 and earlier. This vulnerability is an Integer Underflow (Wrap or Wraparound) anomaly that could permit arbitrary code execution in the context of the current user.
    This vulnerability demands our attention not just because of its high severity score, but because it can be exploited to compromise a system or leak sensitive data. Furthermore, its exploitation requires user interaction, which means that an unsuspecting user may innocently open a malicious file, thereby triggering the exploit.

    Vulnerability Summary

    CVE ID: CVE-2025-47130
    Severity: High (CVSS Score: 7.8)
    Attack Vector: Local
    Privileges Required: User
    User Interaction: Required
    Impact: System compromise or data leakage

    Affected Products

    Product | Affected Versions

    Adobe Framemaker | 2020.8, 2022.6 and earlier

    How the Exploit Works

    The exploit revolves around an Integer Underflow vulnerability. This issue arises when an application tries to subtract from a value at its lower limit, causing it to wrap around to its upper limit. In the context of Adobe Framemaker, this error occurs when the software tries to manipulate certain file elements. By crafting a malicious Framemaker file that triggers this wraparound, an attacker can cause a buffer underflow. This in turn can lead to arbitrary code execution.

    Conceptual Example Code

    While it’s impossible to provide a real exploit due to ethical considerations, the below pseudocode conceptually illustrates how such an exploit might be structured:

    # Pseudocode for exploit
def create_malicious_file():
file = FramemakerFile()
element = FramemakerElement()
# Trigger integer underflow
element.size = -1
file.add_element(element)
file.save("exploit.framemaker")
create_malicious_file()

    In this contrived example, we create a Framemaker file containing an element with a size that triggers an integer underflow when the file is opened in Adobe Framemaker.

  • CVE-2025-58881: SQL Injection Vulnerability in gopiplus New Simple Gallery

    Overview

    The Common Vulnerabilities and Exposures (CVE) system has recently identified a significant security weakness in the gopiplus New Simple Gallery. This vulnerability, designated as CVE-2025-58881, is an SQL Injection vulnerability that could lead to system compromise or data leakage. The gopiplus New Simple Gallery, a widely used web gallery tool, is at risk from this vulnerability, highlighting the need for immediate attention and action. The seriousness of this issue is underscored by the CVSS Severity Score of 8.5, indicating a high level of threat.

    Vulnerability Summary

    CVE ID: CVE-2025-58881
    Severity: High (8.5 CVSS Score)
    Attack Vector: Network
    Privileges Required: Low
    User Interaction: None
    Impact: System compromise or data leakage

    Affected Products

    Product | Affected Versions

    gopiplus New Simple Gallery | n/a – 8.0

    How the Exploit Works

    An attacker can exploit this vulnerability by injecting malicious SQL commands into the application. This is achieved by manipulating the input data so that it includes nefarious SQL statements. Because the application does not properly neutralize special elements in an SQL command, these statements are executed directly on the database, leading to a variety of potential impacts, including unauthorized data access, data manipulation, or even system control.

    Conceptual Example Code

    A conceptual example of exploiting this vulnerability might look something like this:

    POST /NewSimpleGallery/endpoint HTTP/1.1
Host: target.example.com
Content-Type: application/x-www-form-urlencoded
id=1' OR '1'='1'; DROP TABLE users; --

    This simple SQL injection command tricks the application into executing the DROP TABLE command, potentially deleting an entire user database.

    Recommended Mitigation

    Users of gopiplus New Simple Gallery are strongly advised to apply the vendor patch as soon as possible to fix this vulnerability. If applying the patch is not immediately feasible, a Web Application Firewall (WAF) or Intrusion Detection System (IDS) can be used as a temporary mitigation measure. However, these should be seen as stop-gap solutions, and the patch should be applied as soon as it is practical to do so.

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