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CVE-2025-44952: Buffer Overflow Vulnerability in PFCP Library of Open5GS due to Missing Length Check

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Overview

The open5GS network software, specifically version 2.7.2 and earlier, exhibits a critical vulnerability, identified as CVE-2025-44952, that could potentially allow a local attacker to compromise the system or lead to data leakage. Open5GS is an open-source project used to implement 5G systems, and its compromise could negatively impact telecommunications providers and their clients, making this a significant cybersecurity concern. The vulnerability resides in the PFCP (Packet Forwarding Control Protocol) library, a critical component of the network software.

Vulnerability Summary

CVE ID: CVE-2025-44952
Severity: High (CVSS: 7.8)
Attack Vector: Local
Privileges Required: Low
User Interaction: None
Impact: Potential system compromise or data leakage

Affected Products

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Product | Affected Versions

Open5GS | 2.7.2 and earlier

How the Exploit Works

The vulnerability arises from a missing length check in the `ogs_pfcp_subnet_add` function, which is used by both the Session Management Function (smf) and the User Plane Function (upf) in Open5GS. By manipulating the `session.dnn` field with a value exceeding 101 characters in length, an attacker can cause a buffer overflow. This overflow can create a critical error state, potentially allowing an attacker to execute arbitrary code or cause a system crash.

Conceptual Example Code

In a conceptual context, the vulnerability might be exploited as follows:

# Exploit for CVE-2025-44952
# This is a simplified representation and may not work as it is
#!/bin/bash
# Generate a string of characters longer than 101
payload=$(printf 'A%.0s' {1..102})
# Use the payload to exploit the vulnerability
echo "$payload" > /proc/[pid]/session.dnn

In this conceptual example, the payload is a string of 102 ‘A’ characters. When written to the `session.dnn` field, it triggers a buffer overflow due to the missing length check in the `ogs_pfcp_subnet_add` function.

Recommendations

The best mitigation against this vulnerability is to apply the vendor’s patch. In cases where immediate patching is not feasible, deploying a Web Application Firewall (WAF) or an Intrusion Detection System (IDS) can provide temporary protection. However, these measures are not foolproof and can only serve as a stop-gap while the patch is being applied. It is strongly recommended to update the Open5GS software to the latest version where this vulnerability has been addressed.

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Disclaimer:

The information and code presented in this article are provided for educational and defensive cybersecurity purposes only. Any conceptual or pseudocode examples are simplified representations intended to raise awareness and promote secure development and system configuration practices.

Do not use this information to attempt unauthorized access or exploit vulnerabilities on systems that you do not own or have explicit permission to test.

Ameeba and its authors do not endorse or condone malicious behavior and are not responsible for misuse of the content. Always follow ethical hacking guidelines, responsible disclosure practices, and local laws.

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