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CVE-2025-9086: Cookie Security Override Leading to Potential System Compromise or Data Leakage

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Overview

The vulnerability CVE-2025-9086 is a critical flaw that affects the proper functioning of secure cookies in web transactions. It allows an attacker to override the content of a secure cookie when interacting with an insecure host, leading to potential system compromise or data leakage. This contravenes the expected behavior, where the second set of the cookie should be ignored if it has already been established as secure on a secure host.

Vulnerability Summary

CVE ID: CVE-2025-9086
Severity: High (CVSS: 7.5)
Attack Vector: Network
Privileges Required: None
User Interaction: Required
Impact: System compromise or data leakage

Affected Products

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Product | Affected Versions

cURL | Versions prior to 7.64.1

How the Exploit Works

The exploit takes advantage of a bug in the path comparison logic, which causes curl to read outside a heap buffer boundary. This occurs when a secure cookie is set, and curl is redirected to a clear-text HTTP site using the same cookie. The same cookie name is then set with a slash as the path. As the site is insecure, the cookie should be ignored. However, due to the bug, the clear-text site can override the secure cookie, potentially leading to system compromise or data leakage.

Conceptual Example Code

POST /login HTTP/1.1
Host: target.example.com
Content-Type: application/json
Cookie: SecureCookie=value; path=/; secure
Redirect to:
http://target.example.com
Cookie: SecureCookie=new_value; path=/

In the example above, the initial request sets a secure cookie. However, when redirected to the insecure host, the same cookie name is set with a different value. Due to the bug in path comparison logic, curl allows the insecure host to override the secure cookie.

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Disclaimer:

The information and code presented in this article are provided for educational and defensive cybersecurity purposes only. Any conceptual or pseudocode examples are simplified representations intended to raise awareness and promote secure development and system configuration practices.

Do not use this information to attempt unauthorized access or exploit vulnerabilities on systems that you do not own or have explicit permission to test.

Ameeba and its authors do not endorse or condone malicious behavior and are not responsible for misuse of the content. Always follow ethical hacking guidelines, responsible disclosure practices, and local laws.

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