Overview
The cybersecurity landscape is a perpetually evolving field with numerous threats and vulnerabilities emerging on a daily basis. Among these, command injection vulnerabilities are especially insidious as they provide hackers with a gateway to potentially compromise an entire system. Today, we turn our focus to a recently discovered vulnerability identified as CVE-2025-61045, which affects the TOTOLINK X18 V9.1.0cu.2053_B20230309. This vulnerability matters significantly due to its high severity score and the widespread use of TOTOLINK devices, emphasizing the need for immediate attention and mitigation.
Vulnerability Summary
CVE ID: CVE-2025-61045
Severity: Critical (9.8/10)
Attack Vector: Network
Privileges Required: None
User Interaction: None
Impact: System compromise or data leakage
Affected Products
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Product | Affected Versions
TOTOLINK X18 | V9.1.0cu.2053_B20230309
How the Exploit Works
The vulnerability resides in the setEasyMeshAgentCfg function, specifically within the ‘mac’ parameter. An attacker can exploit this by injecting malicious commands into this parameter. Since the system doesn’t correctly sanitize the input, these commands are then executed with high-level privileges on the host system. This could potentially lead to a full system compromise, depending on the nature of the injected commands.
Conceptual Example Code
The following is a conceptual example of how this vulnerability might be exploited. This is not a real exploit, but a hypothetical scenario to help understand the nature of the vulnerability.
POST /setEasyMeshAgentCfg HTTP/1.1
Host: target.example.com
Content-Type: application/json
{ "mac": "; rm -rf /;" }In this example, the attacker has inserted a command (`; rm -rf /;`) into the ‘mac’ parameter. This command is a Unix command that would delete all files on the system, illustrating the potential severity of this vulnerability.
Mitigation Guidance
The official mitigation guidance for this vulnerability is to apply the vendor-provided patch. In cases where this is not immediately possible, using a Web Application Firewall (WAF) or Intrusion Detection System (IDS) can provide temporary mitigation. These systems can detect and block attempts to exploit known vulnerabilities such as this one, providing an additional layer of security while a more permanent solution is implemented.
