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CVE-2025-49211: SQL Injection Vulnerability in Trend Micro Endpoint Encryption PolicyServer

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Overview

This report discusses a significant SQL injection vulnerability (CVE-2025-49211) in the Trend Micro Endpoint Encryption PolicyServer. This vulnerability has a substantial impact on the security of affected installations and could potentially allow an attacker to escalate privileges. As a consequence, it poses a serious threat to data integrity and system security.

Vulnerability Summary

CVE ID: CVE-2025-49211
Severity: High (7.7 CVSS Score)
Attack Vector: Network
Privileges Required: Low
User Interaction: None
Impact: System Compromise and potential data leakage

Affected Products

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Product | Affected Versions

Trend Micro Endpoint Encryption PolicyServer | All versions prior to patch

How the Exploit Works

The vulnerability arises due to insufficient sanitization of user-supplied input within the PolicyServer. An attacker can exploit this flaw by sending specially crafted SQL queries to the affected system. If successful, they can manipulate SQL queries to execute arbitrary commands and modify data. This could lead to privilege escalation, allowing the attacker to gain unauthorized access to sensitive data or even control over the affected system.

Conceptual Example Code

Here is a conceptual example illustrating how this vulnerability might be exploited. Please note that this is a simplified representation and actual exploits may be more complex.

POST /PolicyServer/endpoint HTTP/1.1
Host: target.example.com
Content-Type: application/x-www-form-urlencoded
username=administrator' OR '1'='1';--

In this example, the SQL query behind the scenes may be manipulated, bypassing the authentication mechanism due to the `OR ‘1’=’1’` condition, which is always true. The `–` at the end of the payload is a SQL comment out operator, causing the rest of the original SQL query to be ignored. This could potentially grant the attacker administrative access.

Mitigation

The primary mitigation for this vulnerability is to apply the vendor-supplied patch. As a temporary measure, it is recommended to employ a Web Application Firewall (WAF) or Intrusion Detection System (IDS) to detect and block SQL injection attempts. Businesses should also consider implementing least privilege principles and input validation to minimize the potential attack surface.

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Disclaimer:

The information and code presented in this article are provided for educational and defensive cybersecurity purposes only. Any conceptual or pseudocode examples are simplified representations intended to raise awareness and promote secure development and system configuration practices.

Do not use this information to attempt unauthorized access or exploit vulnerabilities on systems that you do not own or have explicit permission to test.

Ameeba and its authors do not endorse or condone malicious behavior and are not responsible for misuse of the content. Always follow ethical hacking guidelines, responsible disclosure practices, and local laws.

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