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CVE-2025-5868: Critical Vulnerability in RT-Thread Leading to System Compromise and Data Leakage

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Overview

A critical vulnerability, identified as CVE-2025-5868, has been detected in RT-Thread 5.1.0. Affecting the sys_thread_sigprocmask function in rt-thread/components/lwp/lwp_syscall.c, this vulnerability poses a significant threat to systems running the aforementioned version of RT-Thread. With a CVSS Severity Score of 8.0, the vulnerability has the potential to lead to system compromise or data leakage, thus causing significant damage to the affected system or organization.

Vulnerability Summary

CVE ID: CVE-2025-5868
Severity: Critical (8.0)
Attack Vector: Network
Privileges Required: None
User Interaction: None
Impact: System compromise and potential data leakage

Affected Products

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Product | Affected Versions

RT-Thread | 5.1.0

How the Exploit Works

The vulnerability arises from an improper validation of an array index in the sys_thread_sigprocmask function of the file rt-thread/components/lwp/lwp_syscall.c. The manipulation of the ‘how’ argument, which is intended to specify the way in which the function should behave, can lead to an out-of-bounds read or write. An attacker can exploit this flaw to execute arbitrary code or access sensitive information, leading to system compromise or data leakage.

Conceptual Example Code

To illustrate how this vulnerability might be exploited, consider the following conceptual pseudocode:

#include "rt-thread/components/lwp/lwp_syscall.h"
int main() {
// Create a malicious payload
char malicious_payload[512];
memset(malicious_payload, 'A', 512);
// Call the vulnerable function with the malicious payload as the 'how' argument
sys_thread_sigprocmask(malicious_payload, NULL, NULL);
return 0;
}

In this example, a buffer overflow is created by providing an oversized ‘how’ argument to the sys_thread_sigprocmask function. This could potentially result in arbitrary code execution or unauthorized access to sensitive data.

Mitigation

The recommended mitigation strategy for this vulnerability is to apply the latest patch provided by the vendor. In situations where immediate patching is not feasible, utilizing a Web Application Firewall (WAF) or Intrusion Detection System (IDS) can serve as temporary mitigation. Organizations should also consider implementing secure coding practices to help prevent such vulnerabilities in the future.

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Disclaimer:

The information and code presented in this article are provided for educational and defensive cybersecurity purposes only. Any conceptual or pseudocode examples are simplified representations intended to raise awareness and promote secure development and system configuration practices.

Do not use this information to attempt unauthorized access or exploit vulnerabilities on systems that you do not own or have explicit permission to test.

Ameeba and its authors do not endorse or condone malicious behavior and are not responsible for misuse of the content. Always follow ethical hacking guidelines, responsible disclosure practices, and local laws.

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