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CVE-2025-43978: OS Command Injection Vulnerability in Jointelli 5G CPE 21H01 Firmware

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Overview

The cybersecurity community has identified a severe vulnerability in Jointelli 5G CPE 21H01 firmware JY_21H01_A3_v1.36 devices. This vulnerability, CVE-2025-43978, allows for OS command injection, potentially leading to system compromise or data leakage. Given the ubiquity of 5G technology, this vulnerability presents a significant risk and needs immediate attention.

Vulnerability Summary

CVE ID: CVE-2025-43978
Severity: High (CVSS: 7.4)
Attack Vector: Network
Privileges Required: Low
User Interaction: Required
Impact: System compromise, potential data leakage

Affected Products

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Product | Affected Versions

Jointelli 5G CPE 21H01 | JY_21H01_A3_v1.36

How the Exploit Works

The exploit takes advantage of a command injection vulnerability in the firmware of the Jointelli 5G CPE 21H01 device. Multiple endpoints are vulnerable, including /ubus/?flag=set_WPS_pin and /ubus/?flag=netAppStar1 and /ubus/?flag=set_wifi_cfgs. By crafting malicious inputs to the SSID, WPS, Traceroute, and Ping fields, an authenticated attacker can execute arbitrary OS commands with root privileges.

Conceptual Example Code

Below is a conceptual example of how the vulnerability might be exploited. This example represents a crafted HTTP request with malicious payload.

POST /ubus/?flag=set_WPS_pin HTTP/1.1
Host: target.example.com
Content-Type: application/json
{
"SSID": "example_ssid",
"WPS": "example_wps",
"Traceroute": "example_traceroute",
"Ping": "; <malicious OS command>"
}

In this example, the malicious OS command would be executed with root privileges, potentially leading to system compromise or data leakage.

Mitigation Guidance

Users are strongly advised to apply the vendor patch as soon as possible to mitigate this vulnerability. If the patch is not immediately available, the use of a Web Application Firewall (WAF) or Intrusion Detection System (IDS) can provide temporary protection. However, these measures are not a substitute for the proper patching of the vulnerability.

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Disclaimer:

The information and code presented in this article are provided for educational and defensive cybersecurity purposes only. Any conceptual or pseudocode examples are simplified representations intended to raise awareness and promote secure development and system configuration practices.

Do not use this information to attempt unauthorized access or exploit vulnerabilities on systems that you do not own or have explicit permission to test.

Ameeba and its authors do not endorse or condone malicious behavior and are not responsible for misuse of the content. Always follow ethical hacking guidelines, responsible disclosure practices, and local laws.

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