Overview

The CVE-2025-57326 is a Prototype Pollution vulnerability that affects the byGroupAndType function of sassdoc-extras v2.5.1 and versions before it. This vulnerability allows attackers to inject properties on Object.prototype through a crafted payload, leading to a potential denial of service (DoS). It is a critical issue that can compromise systems and cause data leakage.

Vulnerability Summary

CVE ID: CVE-2025-57326
Severity: High (7.5 CVSS Score)
Attack Vector: Network
Privileges Required: Low
User Interaction: None
Impact: System compromise and potential data leakage

Affected Products

Product | Affected Versions

sassdoc-extras | <= v2.5.1 How the Exploit Works

The exploit works by injecting properties into Object.prototype through a crafted payload. This is an instance of Prototype Pollution, a form of attack where an attacker manipulates the prototype of a JavaScript object. In this case, the byGroupAndType function of sassdoc-extras doesn’t adequately validate input, allowing an attacker to modify an application’s object prototypes.

Conceptual Example Code

Here is a conceptual example of how the vulnerability might be exploited using a JSON payload:

POST /vulnerable/endpoint HTTP/1.1
Host: target.example.com
Content-Type: application/json
{ "__proto__": { "admin": true } }

In this example, the payload is modifying the prototype of the application’s objects to include an ‘admin’ property set to true. If the application uses the existence of this property to grant administrative privileges, this could lead to unauthorized access.

Remediation

The best course of action to mitigate this vulnerability is to apply the patch provided by the vendor. If a patch is not immediately available or applicable, a web application firewall (WAF) or intrusion detection system (IDS) can be used as a temporary mitigation measure. In the long term, however, the application should be updated to a version that fixes this vulnerability.