Overview
This report discusses a significant SQL injection vulnerability (CVE-2025-49211) in the Trend Micro Endpoint Encryption PolicyServer. This vulnerability has a substantial impact on the security of affected installations and could potentially allow an attacker to escalate privileges. As a consequence, it poses a serious threat to data integrity and system security.
Vulnerability Summary
CVE ID: CVE-2025-49211
Severity: High (7.7 CVSS Score)
Attack Vector: Network
Privileges Required: Low
User Interaction: None
Impact: System Compromise and potential data leakage
Affected Products
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Product | Affected Versions
Trend Micro Endpoint Encryption PolicyServer | All versions prior to patch
How the Exploit Works
The vulnerability arises due to insufficient sanitization of user-supplied input within the PolicyServer. An attacker can exploit this flaw by sending specially crafted SQL queries to the affected system. If successful, they can manipulate SQL queries to execute arbitrary commands and modify data. This could lead to privilege escalation, allowing the attacker to gain unauthorized access to sensitive data or even control over the affected system.
Conceptual Example Code
Here is a conceptual example illustrating how this vulnerability might be exploited. Please note that this is a simplified representation and actual exploits may be more complex.
POST /PolicyServer/endpoint HTTP/1.1
Host: target.example.com
Content-Type: application/x-www-form-urlencoded
username=administrator' OR '1'='1';--In this example, the SQL query behind the scenes may be manipulated, bypassing the authentication mechanism due to the `OR ‘1’=’1’` condition, which is always true. The `–` at the end of the payload is a SQL comment out operator, causing the rest of the original SQL query to be ignored. This could potentially grant the attacker administrative access.
Mitigation
The primary mitigation for this vulnerability is to apply the vendor-supplied patch. As a temporary measure, it is recommended to employ a Web Application Firewall (WAF) or Intrusion Detection System (IDS) to detect and block SQL injection attempts. Businesses should also consider implementing least privilege principles and input validation to minimize the potential attack surface.
