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CVE-2025-44652: Denial of Service Vulnerability in Netgear RAX30

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Overview

The vulnerability CVE-2025-44652 involves a configuration flaw in Netgear RAX30 V1.0.10.94_3, a widely-used router. This vulnerability allows potential attackers to instigate Denial of Service (DoS) attacks by exploiting the USERLIMIT_GLOBAL option which is set to 0 in several bftpd-related configuration files. This vulnerability is significant due to its potential to disrupt networks and services, with the possibility for system compromise and data leakage.

Vulnerability Summary

CVE ID: CVE-2025-44652
Severity: High (7.5 CVSS Score)
Attack Vector: Network
Privileges Required: None
User Interaction: None
Impact: Disruption of network services, potential system compromise, and data leakage

Affected Products

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Product | Affected Versions

Netgear RAX30 | V1.0.10.94_3

How the Exploit Works

The vulnerability exists in the bftpd-related configuration files where the USERLIMIT_GLOBAL option is set to 0. This setting means there is no limit to the number of users that can connect to the bftpd server. An attacker can exploit this by connecting an unlimited number of users to the server, thereby exhausting system resources and causing a Denial of Service. There is also a concern that this could lead to system compromise or data leakage.

Conceptual Example Code

While the following code is conceptual and not an actual exploit script, it helps illustrate the vulnerability:

#!/bin/bash
# Script to open unlimited connections to the bftpd server
while true
do
nc target.example.com 21 &
done

This script connects to the bftpd server on the target machine an unlimited number of times, which could potentially lead to a Denial of Service due to the unrestricted user limit. It’s important to note that actual exploitation may involve more complex scripts and techniques, and this example is simplified for illustrative purposes.

Mitigation

As a mitigation measure, it is recommended to apply the vendor patch when it becomes available. Until then, using a Web Application Firewall (WAF) or Intrusion Detection System (IDS) can serve as temporary mitigation. Regularly updating and patching systems can also help prevent exploitation of such vulnerabilities.

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Disclaimer:

The information and code presented in this article are provided for educational and defensive cybersecurity purposes only. Any conceptual or pseudocode examples are simplified representations intended to raise awareness and promote secure development and system configuration practices.

Do not use this information to attempt unauthorized access or exploit vulnerabilities on systems that you do not own or have explicit permission to test.

Ameeba and its authors do not endorse or condone malicious behavior and are not responsible for misuse of the content. Always follow ethical hacking guidelines, responsible disclosure practices, and local laws.

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