Overview
CVE-2025-3642 is a serious security vulnerability that affects Moodle’s EQUELLA repository. This flaw exposes users to a risk of remote code execution, which could potentially lead to system compromise or data leakage. The vulnerability affects users who have the EQUELLA repository enabled, which by default includes teachers and managers. Given the widespread use of Moodle, this vulnerability could have far-reaching consequences for educational institutions worldwide, highlighting the importance of maintaining up-to-date security practices.
Vulnerability Summary
CVE ID: CVE-2025-3642
Severity: Critical (8.8 CVSS Score)
Attack Vector: Network
Privileges Required: Low (default access for teachers and managers)
User Interaction: Required
Impact: Potential system compromise or data leakage
Affected Products
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Product | Affected Versions
Moodle | All versions with EQUELLA repository enabled
How the Exploit Works
The exploit takes advantage of a flaw in the Moodle LMS EQUELLA repository that exposes the system to remote code execution. An attacker with the necessary access privileges can inject malicious code into the system and execute it remotely. This could potentially result in system compromise or data leakage. The level of access required to exploit this vulnerability is low, as the EQUELLA repository is enabled by default for teachers and managers.
Conceptual Example Code
The following conceptual example demonstrates how an attacker might exploit this vulnerability:
POST /moodle/equella HTTP/1.1
Host: target.school.edu
Content-Type: application/json
{ "malicious_code": "payload_that_exploits_CVE-2025-3642" }In this example, the attacker sends a POST request to the vulnerable EQUELLA endpoint with a JSON payload containing the malicious code. If the exploit is successful, the attacker could potentially gain control over the system or access sensitive data.
Mitigation and Recommendations
The first and most important step in mitigating this vulnerability is to apply the vendor-provided patch as soon as it becomes available. As a temporary measure, a Web Application Firewall (WAF) or Intrusion Detection System (IDS) can be utilized to detect and prevent exploitation attempts.
Furthermore, organizations should consider disabling the EQUELLA repository if it is not required, or restrict its use to trusted and necessary personnel only. Regular security audits and penetration testing can also help in identifying and addressing similar vulnerabilities in the future.