Overview
The cybersecurity landscape is continuously evolving, with new vulnerabilities surfacing that could potentially compromise system security and lead to significant data leaks. One such vulnerability is CVE-2025-21484, a relatively new and serious threat that exposes sensitive information when User Equipment (UE) receives the Real-Time Transport Protocol (RTP) packet from the network. This vulnerability can impact any system that interacts with RTP packets, making it a concern for both businesses and individual users alike. It is of critical importance to address this vulnerability promptly to protect data integrity and prevent potential system compromise.
Vulnerability Summary
CVE ID: CVE-2025-21484
Severity: High (8.2 CVSS score)
Attack Vector: Network
Privileges Required: None
User Interaction: None
Impact: Information Disclosure, Potential system compromise
Affected Products
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Product | Affected Versions
[Insert product] | All prior to [Insert patched version]
[Insert product] | All prior to [Insert patched version]
How the Exploit Works
The vulnerability arises during the process of decoding and reassembling fragments from an RTP packet received by User Equipment (UE). If an attacker can manipulate the RTP packet, they can cause the system to disclose sensitive information during the decoding process. This information could include user data, system configurations, or other critical details that the attacker could use for further exploitation.
Conceptual Example Code
Here’s a conceptual example of how the vulnerability might be exploited using a manipulated RTP packet:
POST /rtp/packet/decode HTTP/1.1
Host: target.example.com
Content-Type: application/rtp
{ "fragment": "malicious_payload_here" }In this example, the malicious payload is disguised as a fragment of an RTP packet. When the system attempts to decode and reassemble this packet, it inadvertently discloses sensitive information that can be captured by the attacker.
To mitigate this vulnerability, it is advised to apply vendor-provided patches immediately. If patches are unavailable, using a Web Application Firewall (WAF) or an Intrusion Detection System (IDS) can serve as a temporary measure to prevent the exploitation of this vulnerability. Regular system and software updates, along with vigilant cybersecurity practices, remain vital in maintaining system security against such vulnerabilities.
