Author: Ameeba

Overview

The vulnerability in focus, CVE-2025-54895, is a critical security flaw affecting the Windows Security Provider Negotiator (SPNEGO) Extended Negotiation. The vulnerability arises due to an integer overflow or wraparound, which could be exploited by an authorized attacker to elevate privileges locally. This vulnerability, while requiring local access, could potentially lead to system compromise or data leakage, highlighting the importance of rapid mitigation.

Vulnerability Summary

CVE ID: CVE-2025-54895
Severity: High (7.8)
Attack Vector: Local
Privileges Required: Low
User Interaction: None
Impact: System compromise or data leakage due to local privilege escalation

Affected Products

Product | Affected Versions

Windows SPNEGO | All previous versions prior to patch

How the Exploit Works

The exploit leverages an integer overflow or wraparound in the Windows SPNEGO Extended Negotiation. This flaw allows an authorized local attacker to manipulate the overflow to corrupt memory, elevate their privileges, and execute arbitrary code. This could lead to unauthorized system access, potential system compromise, or data leakage.

Conceptual Example Code

Below is a conceptual example of how the vulnerability might be exploited. This pseudocode demonstrates the manipulation of the integer overflow to elevate privileges.

#include <windows.h>
int main() {
// Initialize SPNEGO negotiation
SPNEGOHandle handle = SPNEGO_Init();
// Create integer overflow
int overflow = INT_MAX + 1;
// Use overflow to corrupt memory and elevate privileges
SPNEGO_Negotiate(handle, overflow);
// Execute arbitrary code with elevated privileges
system("malicious_command");
return 0;
}

Mitigation Guidance

Users are advised to apply the latest vendor patches as soon as possible to remediate this vulnerability. If patches cannot be applied immediately, the use of a Web Application Firewall (WAF) or an Intrusion Detection System (IDS) may offer temporary mitigation. However, these are not long-term solutions as they do not address the underlying vulnerability.

Overview

The CVE-2025-54894 is a critical security flaw that potentially exposes affected systems to unauthorized privilege escalation. This vulnerability affects the Local Security Authority Subsystem Service (LSASS), a key component in most modern operating systems. Its exploitation could lead to a full system compromise or data leakage, making it a significant concern for cybersecurity.

Vulnerability Summary

CVE ID: CVE-2025-54894
Severity: High (CVSS 7.8)
Attack Vector: Local
Privileges Required: Low
User Interaction: None
Impact: Full system compromise or data leakage

Affected Products

Product | Affected Versions

Windows Server | 2022, 2019, 2016
Windows 10 | All versions before latest patch

How the Exploit Works

The vulnerability lies within the LSASS. An attacker with low privileges on the system could exploit this flaw by running a specially crafted application. This application interacts with the LSASS to escalate its privileges, gaining access to system-level permissions. With these elevated privileges, an attacker can then compromise the system or exfiltrate data.

Conceptual Example Code

Consider this simple pseudocode example of how the vulnerability might be exploited:
“`C++
#include
int main() {
// Initialize the malicious payload
Payload malicious_payload;
// Interact with the LSASS
LSASS lsass;
// Use the malicious payload to escalate privileges
lsass.escalate_privileges(malicious_payload);
// Perform malicious activities with escalated privileges
malicious_payload.execute();
}
“`
This conceptual code demonstrates a potential method an attacker might use to exploit the vulnerability. The actual exploit would likely involve complex interactions with the LSASS and careful crafting of the malicious payload.

Mitigation Guidance

To mitigate the risk of this vulnerability, it is recommended to apply the latest vendor patch. In situations where this is not immediately possible, using a Web Application Firewall (WAF) or Intrusion Detection System (IDS) can provide temporary mitigation. Always follow your organization’s patch management procedures to ensure systems are updated promptly and accurately.

Overview

The CVE-2025-54111 is a critical vulnerability found in the Windows UI XAML Phone DatePickerFlyout feature. The vulnerability is a use-after-free issue that allows an authenticated attacker to escalate privileges locally. This vulnerability affects all systems running Windows with this specific UI feature and poses a significant risk to data security and system integrity.

Vulnerability Summary

CVE ID: CVE-2025-54111
Severity: High (7.8 CVSS Score)
Attack Vector: Local
Privileges Required: Low
User Interaction: Required
Impact: System compromise and potential data leakage

Affected Products

Product | Affected Versions

Windows 10 | All versions
Windows Server 2019 | All versions

How the Exploit Works

This use-after-free vulnerability revolves around the improper management of memory when using the DatePickerFlyout feature in Windows UI XAML Phone. A malicious user first requires local access and user interaction. Once these conditions are met, they can exploit the vulnerability to execute arbitrary code with elevated privileges. This could potentially lead to a full system compromise.

Conceptual Example Code

Here’s a conceptual example of how this vulnerability might be exploited. This example doesn’t represent actual code but provides a general idea of how an attacker might take advantage of the vulnerability:

// Create an instance of DatePickerFlyout
DatePickerFlyout datePicker = new DatePickerFlyout();
// Trigger the vulnerability
datePicker.Date = DateTime.Now;
// Free the object
datePicker = null;
// Use-after-free here, datePicker is already freed but still being used
datePicker.Date = DateTime.Now;

Mitigation Guidance

To mitigate this vulnerability, users are advised to apply the latest vendor patches as soon as they become available. In the interim, utilizing a Web Application Firewall (WAF) or Intrusion Detection System (IDS) can provide temporary mitigation. However, these measures will not remove the vulnerability but may help detect and prevent exploitation attempts.

Overview

This report analyses the critical vulnerability identified as CVE-2025-54102, which affects the Windows Connected Devices Platform Service. This vulnerability could potentially allow an authorized attacker to escalate their privileges locally, leading to system compromise or data leakage. It is a significant security risk to businesses and organizations using affected versions of Windows, necessitating immediate attention and mitigation.

Vulnerability Summary

CVE ID: CVE-2025-54102
Severity: High (CVSS:7.8)
Attack Vector: Local
Privileges Required: Low
User Interaction: Required
Impact: Potential system compromise or data leakage

Affected Products

Product | Affected Versions

Windows Connected Devices Platform Service | All versions up to the latest patch

How the Exploit Works

The vulnerability exploits a Use-After-Free (UAF) flaw in the Windows Connected Devices Platform Service. UAF issues occur when an application uses memory after it has been freed, which can lead to a variety of adverse impacts, including program crashes, incorrect computations, and in this case, privilege escalation. An attacker who successfully exploits this vulnerability can run arbitrary code in the context of the current user, potentially gaining control over affected systems.

Conceptual Example Code

// Assuming the 'device' object has been freed previously
device = null;
// However, the application still uses the 'device' object
device.Execute("arbitrary_code_here");

The above pseudocode represents a conceptual example of how the vulnerability could be exploited. In this case, ‘device’ is a placeholder for the vulnerable object within the Windows Connected Devices Platform Service. The ‘arbitrary_code_here’ stands for potentially malicious code that an attacker might execute to exploit the vulnerability.

Overview

The vulnerability CVE-2025-54098 pertains to improper access control found in Windows Hyper-V. If exploited, this vulnerability allows an authorized attacker to escalate privileges within a system locally. This vulnerability poses a significant threat to system administrators, data centers, cloud service providers, and any organization using Windows Hyper-V, as it can potentially lead to system compromise and data leakage.

Vulnerability Summary

CVE ID: CVE-2025-54098
Severity: High (7.8 CVSS Score)
Attack Vector: Local
Privileges Required: Low
User Interaction: None
Impact: System compromise and potential data leakage

Affected Products

Product | Affected Versions

Windows Hyper-V | All prior versions to the vendor patch

How the Exploit Works

The vulnerability stems from improper access controls within Windows Hyper-V. An authorized user can exploit this vulnerability by executing a specially crafted sequence of commands. This sequence of commands exploits the improper access controls, allowing the attacker to escalate their privileges within the system. Once the attacker has elevated privileges, they can potentially compromise the system or leak sensitive data.

Conceptual Example Code

A conceptual exploit might involve a sequence of shell commands that manipulate the access controls of Windows Hyper-V. For instance:

$ Connect-HyperV -Server target.example.com
$ New-HyperVCredential -Username attacker -Password malicious_password
$ Grant-HyperVAccess -Credential malicious_credential -Privilege FullControl

In this hypothetical example, the attacker first connects to the Hyper-V server (`target.example.com`). They then create a new credential with their username (`attacker`) and a password (`malicious_password`). Finally, they grant themselves full control over the Hyper-V server, effectively escalating their privileges. This is a conceptual example only and does not represent real exploit code.
To mitigate this vulnerability, apply the vendor patch as soon as it becomes available. In the meantime, use a Web Application Firewall (WAF) or Intrusion Detection System (IDS) as a temporary mitigation measure.

Overview

CVE-2025-54092 is a severe vulnerability found in Windows Hyper-V that could allow an authorized attacker to elevate their privileges due to a race condition. This is particularly worrying as it could potentially lead to system compromise or data leakage, posing a significant risk to all users of the affected Windows Hyper-V versions.

Vulnerability Summary

CVE ID: CVE-2025-54092
Severity: High, CVSS score 7.8
Attack Vector: Local
Privileges Required: Low
User Interaction: None
Impact: Potential system compromise or data leakage

Affected Products

Product | Affected Versions

Windows Hyper-V | All versions prior to patch

How the Exploit Works

The exploit works by leveraging a race condition in Windows Hyper-V, where concurrent execution using a shared resource lacks proper synchronization. An authorized attacker can exploit this flaw to execute their code with elevated privileges on the host system, potentially leading to a full system compromise.

Conceptual Example Code

To illustrate, consider the following pseudocode:

//Thread 1
while(!done) {
shared_resource.access();
}
//Thread 2
while(!done) {
shared_resource.modify();
}

In this example, Thread 1 is continuously accessing a shared resource, while Thread 2 is attempting to modify it at the same time. If an attacker can time their actions correctly, they could modify the shared resource in between Thread 1’s access calls, causing unexpected behavior or elevated privileges.

Mitigation

Users are advised to apply the vendor’s patch as soon as it is available to fix this vulnerability. If the patch cannot be applied immediately, a Web Application Firewall (WAF) or an Intrusion Detection System (IDS) can be used as a temporary mitigation measure. These tools can monitor and block any suspicious activities, thus reducing the risk of exploitation.

Overview

The vulnerability identified as CVE-2025-54091 is a critical security flaw in Windows Hyper-V that could potentially be exploited by authorized attackers to elevate their privileges locally. This vulnerability matters because if exploited, it could potentially result in system compromise or data leakage, posing a severe threat to the confidentiality, integrity, and availability of the affected systems.

Vulnerability Summary

CVE ID: CVE-2025-54091
Severity: High (7.8 CVSS Score)
Attack Vector: Local
Privileges Required: Low
User Interaction: Required
Impact: Unauthorized escalation of privileges potentially leading to system compromise or data leakage.

Affected Products

Product | Affected Versions

Windows Hyper-V | All versions prior to patch

How the Exploit Works

An integer overflow or wraparound in Windows Hyper-V allows an attacker with low-level access to execute malicious actions that would typically require higher privileges. By deliberately causing an integer to overflow or wraparound, the attacker can manipulate the system’s memory and run arbitrary code, effectively elevating their privileges within the system.

Conceptual Example Code

While we won’t provide a real exploit, a conceptual example might look like this:

#include <stdlib.h>
int main() {
int overflow = INT_MAX;
overflow += 2; // overflow happens here, causing unexpected behavior
// Following this, malicious code could be inserted that takes advantage of the elevated privileges
// system("malicious_command");
return 0;
}

In the above pseudocode, a simple integer overflow is demonstrated. The variable `overflow` is set to the maximum value for an integer, and then incremented by 2. This causes the integer to wrap around to a negative value, creating unexpected behavior that can be exploited.
Note: This example is purely illustrative and oversimplified. Real-world exploits would be far more complex and harder to detect.

Mitigation Guidance

Users and administrators are advised to apply the vendor’s patch as soon as possible. Until the patch can be applied, using a Web Application Firewall (WAF) or Intrusion Detection System (IDS) can provide temporary mitigation. Regular monitoring and logging of system activities can also help in identifying any unusual or suspicious activities.

Overview

The CVE-2025-53801 vulnerability exposes a critical flaw in Windows Desktop Window Manager (DWM) that could allow authorized attackers to elevate their privileges locally. Such a vulnerability is of significant concern to all Windows users as it could potentially lead to system compromise or data leakage, thereby posing serious security and privacy risks.

Vulnerability Summary

CVE ID: CVE-2025-53801
Severity: High – CVSS 7.8
Attack Vector: Local
Privileges Required: Low
User Interaction: Required
Impact: Potential system compromise or data leakage

Affected Products

Product | Affected Versions

Windows DWM | All previous versions up to latest patch

How the Exploit Works

The CVE-2025-53801 vulnerability arises due to an untrusted pointer dereference issue in Windows DWM. An authorized attacker can exploit this flaw by directing the system to access an untrusted pointer that references memory locations that should otherwise be inaccessible. This can trigger an unexpected condition or cause the system to execute arbitrary code, which can subsequently be used to escalate privileges locally.

Conceptual Example Code

While a specific exploitation method for this vulnerability is not disclosed to prevent misuse, a conceptual example of how a similar vulnerability might be exploited could look like this:

#include <windows.h>
void Exploit() {
// Create untrusted pointer
int *untrusted_pointer = (int*)0xdeadbeef;
// Use the untrusted pointer in a way that triggers unexpected behavior
int privileged_data = *untrusted_pointer;
// Use the leaked privileged data to elevate privileges
ElevatePrivileges(privileged_data);
}

In this conceptual example, an attacker uses an untrusted pointer to access privileged data, which is subsequently used to gain higher privileges on the system. This is a simplified illustration and real-world exploits would be more complex.

Mitigation Guidance

To mitigate this vulnerability, users are advised to apply the latest vendor patch as soon as it’s available. In the interim, the use of a Web Application Firewall (WAF) or Intrusion Detection System (IDS) can provide temporary mitigation. These systems can help detect and block attempts to exploit this vulnerability, providing an additional layer of security.

Overview

This report focuses on a newly discovered vulnerability, CVE-2025-53800, found within the Microsoft Graphics Component. This vulnerability allows an authorized attacker to escalate their privileges locally, posing a significant risk to the confidentiality, integrity, and availability of systems. This issue is of particular concern for organizations and individuals that heavily rely on Microsoft products for their operations, as this vulnerability could lead to potential system compromise or data leakage.

Vulnerability Summary

CVE ID: CVE-2025-53800
Severity: High (CVSS: 7.8)
Attack Vector: Local
Privileges Required: Low
User Interaction: Required
Impact: Successful exploitation of this vulnerability could lead to local privilege escalation, potentially compromising the system and leading to data leakage.

Affected Products

Product | Affected Versions

Microsoft Graphics Component | All versions up to the latest

How the Exploit Works

The CVE-2025-53800 exploit takes advantage of a flaw in the Microsoft Graphics Component. An attacker with authorized access can exploit this vulnerability by sending specially crafted requests to the system. This could allow the attacker to execute arbitrary code in the context of the current user. If the current user is logged on with administrative user rights, an attacker could take control of the affected system.

Conceptual Example Code

Here is a conceptual example of how the vulnerability might be exploited:

# This is a conceptual example and may not work in a real-world scenario
$script = @{
"payload" = @{
"code" = "arbitrary_code"
}
}
Invoke-WebRequest -Uri "http://localhost/vulnerable/endpoint" -Method POST -Body ($script | ConvertTo-Json) -ContentType "application/json"

In this conceptual example, the attacker sends a POST request with a payload containing arbitrary code to the vulnerable endpoint. If successful, the arbitrary code is executed with the privileges of the current user.

Recommended Mitigation

To mitigate the risk posed by this vulnerability, users are advised to apply the latest vendor-supplied patches. Until the patch can be applied, it is recommended to implement a web application firewall (WAF) or intrusion detection system (IDS) as a temporary measure to detect and block malicious activities.

Overview

A recently identified vulnerability within the Azure Windows Virtual Machine Agent, denoted as CVE-2025-49692, presents a significant security risk to businesses and organizations that rely on Azure VMs for their operations. The vulnerability enables an authorized attacker to improperly bypass access controls, leading to potential local privilege escalation. The implications of this vulnerability are serious, and thus immediate attention is required to mitigate the risk.

Vulnerability Summary

CVE ID: CVE-2025-49692
Severity: High (7.8 CVSS score)
Attack Vector: Local
Privileges Required: Low
User Interaction: None
Impact: System compromise or data leakage

Affected Products

Product | Affected Versions

Azure Windows Virtual Machine Agent | All versions prior to patch

How the Exploit Works

The exploit takes advantage of an improper access control mechanism within the Azure Windows Virtual Machine Agent. By manipulating certain parameters or commands, an authorized attacker can elevate privileges locally. This allows the attacker to have greater control over the system, potentially leading to unauthorized access, data leakage, or full system compromise.

Conceptual Example Code

Given the nature of this vulnerability, there isn’t a specific code that can be provided. However, the potential exploit would generally involve manipulating certain parameters or commands within the Azure Windows Virtual Machine Agent to achieve a higher level of privileges.
It might look similar to this:

azure_vm_agent --elevate-privileges --user attacker --password 
<strong></strong>
***

This is a conceptual example. The actual commands and parameters would depend on the specific details of the vulnerability.

Mitigation Guidance

To mitigate this vulnerability, users are advised to apply the latest patches provided by the vendor. In the meantime, using a Web Application Firewall (WAF) or an Intrusion Detection System (IDS) can offer temporary mitigation. Regular monitoring and auditing of system logs can also help in detecting any unusual activities. It’s recommended to always follow the principle of least privilege (PoLP) and ensure that users have the minimum privileges necessary to perform their tasks.