Author: Ameeba

Overview

A critical vulnerability has been discovered in TOTOLINK X15 1.0.0-B20230714.1105 that could potentially lead to system compromise or data leakage. The vulnerability is located in an unknown function of the file /boafrm/formDMZ of the component HTTP POST Request Handler. It has been classified as critical due to its potential impact and ease of exploitation. The manipulation of the argument ‘submit-url’ can trigger a buffer overflow, and it is possible to launch the attack remotely. This vulnerability is especially concerning as the exploit has been made public and could be used by malicious actors to compromise systems.

Vulnerability Summary

CVE ID: CVE-2025-5786
Severity: Critical, CVSS score 8.8
Attack Vector: Network
Privileges Required: None
User Interaction: None
Impact: Potential system compromise or data leakage

Affected Products

Product | Affected Versions

TOTOLINK X15 | 1.0.0-B20230714.1105

How the Exploit Works

The exploit works by manipulating the ‘submit-url’ argument in an HTTP POST request. This causes a buffer overflow in an unknown function of the file /boafrm/formDMZ of the component HTTP POST Request Handler. Buffer overflows can allow an attacker to write arbitrary data to the system, which could lead to a system compromise or data leakage. The fact that the exploit can be initiated remotely adds to its severity.

Conceptual Example Code

Here’s a conceptual example of how the vulnerability might be exploited. This is a sample HTTP POST request, where ‘malicious_payload’ represents an overly long string designed to trigger the buffer overflow:

POST /boafrm/formDMZ HTTP/1.1
Host: target.example.com
Content-Type: application/x-www-form-urlencoded
submit-url=malicious_payload

This is a conceptual example and may not represent a working exploit. However, it’s intended to demonstrate the potential vulnerability and how it might be exploited.

Mitigation Guidance

Currently, the recommended mitigation is to apply the vendor patch as soon as it is available. If the patch is not available or cannot be applied, using a Web Application Firewall (WAF) or Intrusion Detection System (IDS) can provide temporary mitigation. These systems can help detect and block attempts to exploit this vulnerability. However, these are only temporary solutions and do not address the underlying vulnerability. Thus, applying the vendor patch as soon as possible remains the recommended course of action.

Overview

In the world of cybersecurity, the discovery and mitigation of vulnerabilities are critical to ensuring the safety of software products and systems. One such vulnerability has been detected in Zohocorp ManageEngine Exchange Reporter Plus versions 5721 and prior. This vulnerability, identified as CVE-2025-3835, allows for remote code execution in the Content Search module of the software. It is a severe security threat that could potentially compromise systems or lead to data leakage, affecting organizations that are utilizing these versions of the software.
This vulnerability is of particular concern due to its high severity score, the potential impact, and the wide usage of the affected software. It is essential that organizations act swiftly to address this vulnerability to prevent potential exploitation by malicious entities.

Vulnerability Summary

CVE ID: CVE-2025-3835
Severity: Critical (9.6/10)
Attack Vector: Network
Privileges Required: None
User Interaction: None
Impact: System compromise or data leakage

Affected Products

Product | Affected Versions

Zohocorp ManageEngine Exchange Reporter Plus | 5721 and prior

How the Exploit Works

The vulnerability in the Content Search module of Zohocorp ManageEngine Exchange Reporter Plus allows an attacker to execute arbitrary code remotely. This can be achieved by sending a specially crafted request to the server containing malicious code. Given that no user interaction is required, and no special privileges are needed to execute the attack, it makes this vulnerability particularly dangerous and easy to exploit.

Conceptual Example Code

Here’s a conceptual example of how the vulnerability might be exploited:

POST /ContentSearch/endpoint HTTP/1.1
Host: target.example.com
Content-Type: application/json
{ "malicious_payload": "..." }

In this example, the attacker sends a POST request to the Content Search endpoint of the affected software. The request body contains a JSON object with a malicious payload that would be executed by the server, leading to potential system compromise or data leakage.

Recommendations for Mitigation

To mitigate this vulnerability, it is recommended to apply the vendor patch as soon as it becomes available. In the meantime, using a Web Application Firewall (WAF) or Intrusion Detection System (IDS) can serve as a temporary mitigation strategy, as they can potentially detect and block malicious requests targeting this vulnerability. Always ensure that your systems are up-to-date, and keep a close eye on any security advisories related to the software you are using.

Overview

The Common Vulnerabilities and Exposures (CVE) system has recently reported a critical vulnerability, CVE-2025-5785, that affects the TOTOLINK X15 version 1.0.0-B20230714.1105. This vulnerability has been classified as critical due to its potential for system compromise or data leakage. It primarily affects the HTTP POST Request Handler component in the /boafrm/formWirelessTbl file. The implications of this vulnerability are significant for any organization using the affected TOTOLINK X15 software, as it can lead to unauthorized access, data leakage, and potential system compromise.

Vulnerability Summary

CVE ID: CVE-2025-5785
Severity: Critical (8.8 CVSS Score)
Attack Vector: Network
Privileges Required: None
User Interaction: None
Impact: Potential system compromise and data leakage

Affected Products

Product | Affected Versions

TOTOLINK X15 | 1.0.0-B20230714.1105

How the Exploit Works

The vulnerability arises from a buffer overflow condition in the HTTP POST Request Handler component. More specifically, the issue affects some unknown processing of the file /boafrm/formWirelessTbl. The manipulation of the ‘submit-url’ argument can cause an overflow of the buffer, leading to unpredictable behavior, which may include a crash or the execution of arbitrary code. The attack can be initiated remotely and does not require any user interaction.

Conceptual Example Code

The following is a conceptual example of how this vulnerability might be exploited using a malicious HTTP POST request:

POST /boafrm/formWirelessTbl HTTP/1.1
Host: target.example.com
Content-Type: application/x-www-form-urlencoded
submit-url=<long string of characters causing buffer overflow>

In this example, the “submit-url” argument is filled with a long string of characters, causing a buffer overflow in the application.

Mitigation Guidance

Users are strongly advised to apply the vendor patch as soon as possible. If a patch is not immediately available or cannot be applied right away, a Web Application Firewall (WAF) or Intrusion Detection System (IDS) can be used as temporary mitigation. However, these measures will not fully protect the system from a potential exploit, and the patch should be applied as soon as it is available.

Overview

In the realm of cybersecurity, every new day presents a fresh set of challenges to overcome. Today’s focus falls on a critical vulnerability labelled as CVE-2025-3461. This flaw, inherent in Quantenna Wi-Fi chips, could potentially lead to severe system compromises or data leakage if exploited. With an alarming CVSS severity score of 9.1, the vulnerability pertains to an unauthenticated telnet interface within these chips. This issue is especially concerning because it affects a wide range of devices that utilize the Quantenna Wi-Fi chipset, and it remains unpatched at the time of initial publishing of this CVE record.

Vulnerability Summary

CVE ID: CVE-2025-3461
Severity: Critical (CVSS 9.1)
Attack Vector: Network
Privileges Required: None
User Interaction: None
Impact: System compromise and data leakage

Affected Products

Product | Affected Versions

Quantenna Wi-Fi chipset | Up to and including 8.0.0.28

How the Exploit Works

The vulnerability stems from an oversight in the default configuration of the Quantenna Wi-Fi chips. These chips are shipped with an unauthenticated telnet interface by default. This allows an attacker with network access to potentially connect to this interface without the need for credentials. This vulnerability is a classic example of CWE-306, “Missing Authentication for Critical Function. Once the unauthenticated access is obtained, the attacker can exploit the system and possibly lead to unauthorized data access or even system compromise.

Conceptual Example Code

Here is a conceptual example of how this vulnerability might be exploited. The attacker could use a simple telnet command to reach the unauthenticated interface:

telnet target_ip_address

After connecting, the attacker could then issue commands or deploy scripts that could compromise the system or leak sensitive data. It’s crucial to note that this is a simplified example and real-world exploits are often more complex and sophisticated.

Mitigation Guidance

In the absence of an official patch, the vendor has released a set of best practices for implementors of the chipset. As a temporary mitigation solution, it is advised to use a Web Application Firewall (WAF) or Intrusion Detection System (IDS). These can help detect and prevent potential attempts to exploit this vulnerability. However, these are only stop-gap measures and cannot replace the need for a proper patch. Administrators are urged to keep a close watch on any announcements from the vendor regarding a patch or a more permanent solution.

Overview

The vulnerability we’re discussing today is a crucial one that affects Honding Technology’s Smart Parking Management System. This vulnerability, identified as CVE-2025-5893, allows unauthenticated remote attackers to access a specific page and obtain plaintext administrator credentials. As such, it poses a significant threat to businesses and organizations using the system, potentially leading to unauthorized system access, data leakage, and compromise of the entire system. Given the critical nature of this vulnerability, it’s crucial for users and administrators of the Smart Parking Management System to understand it thoroughly and take appropriate action to mitigate its impacts.

Vulnerability Summary

CVE ID: CVE-2025-5893
Severity: Critical (9.8/10)
Attack Vector: Network
Privileges Required: None
User Interaction: None
Impact: Unauthorised access to system, potential system compromise and data leakage

Affected Products

Product | Affected Versions

Smart Parking Management System | All versions prior to patch

How the Exploit Works

The vulnerability exists due to an insecure design in the Smart Parking Management System that inadvertently exposes a specific page containing plaintext administrator credentials. Attackers can exploit this flaw by simply sending a network request to the specific page without needing any form of authentication. Upon successful access, the plaintext administrator credentials can be extracted and used to gain unauthorized access to the system.

Conceptual Example Code

Here’s a conceptual example of how an attacker might exploit this vulnerability. Note that this is not actual code, but a simplified representation to help understand the process.

GET /exposed/admin/credentials HTTP/1.1
Host: target.example.com

In this case, the attacker sends a GET request to the exposed page hosting the admin credentials. The server responds with the sensitive data, which the attacker can then use for malicious activities.

Mitigation Guidance

To protect your systems from this vulnerability, it is highly recommended to apply the vendor-provided patch as soon as possible. If for any reason the patch cannot be applied immediately, using a Web Application Firewall (WAF) or an Intrusion Detection System (IDS) can serve as a temporary mitigation measure. These systems can help to monitor and filter out potentially malicious traffic, thereby protecting your systems from exploitation. However, these are only temporary solutions and should not replace the application of the patch.

Overview

CVE-2025-41646 is a critical vulnerability, which allows an unauthorized remote attacker to bypass the authentication of the affected software package by exploiting an incorrect type conversion. This vulnerability can result in a full compromise of the device, leading to potential system compromise or data leakage. Given the severity of this vulnerability, it is of utmost importance for organizations running affected software packages to understand the risks and take immediate steps to mitigate.
The vulnerability has a CVSS Severity Score of 9.8, which makes it a top priority for cybersecurity professionals and system administrators. The high score reflects the ease with which an attacker can exploit this vulnerability and the potential damage it could cause.

Vulnerability Summary

CVE ID: CVE-2025-41646
Severity: Critical, CVSS score 9.8
Attack Vector: Network
Privileges Required: None
User Interaction: None
Impact: Full compromise of the system, potential data leakage

Affected Products

Product | Affected Versions

Software Package A | Versions < 3.0.0 Software Package B | All versions How the Exploit Works

The exploit takes advantage of an incorrect type conversion in the authentication module of the affected software packages. By sending specially crafted data packets, an attacker can trick the system into incorrectly validating the data type. This in turn, allows the attacker to bypass the authentication process, gaining unauthorized access to the system. Once inside, the attacker has full control over the system and can perform a range of malicious activities, including data theft, data manipulation, or further propagation of malware.

Conceptual Example Code

Here is a conceptual example of how the vulnerability might be exploited. This example demonstrates the type of HTTP request an attacker might send to exploit the vulnerability:

POST /login HTTP/1.1
Host: target.example.com
Content-Type: application/json
{ "username": "admin", "password": {"$type": "string", "$value": "any_value"} }

In the code above, the attacker is attempting to login by sending a JSON payload where the password is an object instead of a string. The incorrect type conversion vulnerability could interpret this as a successful authentication, granting the attacker access.

Mitigation

The best way to mitigate this vulnerability is by applying the vendor-provided patch for the affected software packages. If a patch is not yet available or cannot be applied immediately, using a Web Application Firewall (WAF) or an Intrusion Detection System (IDS) can provide temporary mitigation by monitoring and blocking suspicious traffic.
In addition, it is recommended to regularly update all software packages and monitor for any unusual system behavior or unauthorized access attempts.

Overview

In this blog post, we will be discussing a critical vulnerability, CVE-2025-27531, that exists in versions 1.13.0 up to 2.1.0 of Apache InLong. This vulnerability could potentially allow an authenticated attacker to read arbitrary files, which can lead to system compromise or data leakage. As Apache InLong is widely used for big data processing, this vulnerability could have far-reaching impacts for many organizations, potentially exposing sensitive data and undermining system integrity.

Vulnerability Summary

CVE ID: CVE-2025-27531
Severity: Critical (9.8 on the CVSS scale)
Attack Vector: Network
Privileges Required: Low (Authenticated Access)
User Interaction: None
Impact: System Compromise, Data Leakage

Affected Products

Product | Affected Versions

Apache InLong | 1.13.0 – 2.0.0

How the Exploit Works

The vulnerability arises from how Apache InLong handles the deserialization of untrusted data. When an attacker with authenticated access sends a specially crafted, malicious data object to the application, it is possible to manipulate the deserialization process. This manipulation can allow the attacker to read arbitrary files by double writing the param, potentially leading to unauthorized access to sensitive information or even complete system compromise.

Conceptual Example Code

Here’s a conceptual example of how an HTTP request exploiting this vulnerability might look like:

POST /ApacheInLong/endpoint HTTP/1.1
Host: target.example.com
Content-Type: application/json
{
"malicious_payload":
{
"filename": "/etc/passwd",
"action": "doubleWrite"
}
}

In the above example, the attacker is attempting to read the `/etc/passwd` file, which contains user account details on Unix-like systems. The malicious payload is crafted in a way to exploit the deserialization vulnerability and trigger a double write action.
It’s crucial to note that this is a simplified, conceptual example and real-world exploits would likely be more complex and obfuscated.

Mitigation

To mitigate this vulnerability, users are strongly recommended to upgrade to Apache InLong version 2.1.0 or later, which contains a patch to fix the issue. If upgrading is not immediately feasible, using a Web Application Firewall (WAF) or Intrusion Detection System (IDS) to monitor network traffic and block malicious payloads could serve as a temporary mitigation strategy. As with any cybersecurity threat, a layered defense strategy is always the best approach.

Overview

In the world of cybersecurity, a new vulnerability has been identified that affects the Axiomthemes Sweet Dessert. This vulnerability, known as CVE-2025-49073, is a Deserialization of Untrusted Data vulnerability, which potentially allows an attacker to inject malicious objects into the system, leading to system compromise or data leakage. Its severity is marked as a 9.8 out of 10, making it a critical security issue. It is essential to understand this vulnerability, how it affects systems, and what measures can be taken to mitigate it.

Vulnerability Summary

CVE ID: CVE-2025-49073
Severity: Critical (9.8/10)
Attack Vector: Network
Privileges Required: None
User Interaction: None
Impact: Potential system compromise or data leakage

Affected Products

Product | Affected Versions

Axiomthemes Sweet Dessert | versions before 1.1.13

How the Exploit Works

The CVE-2025-49073 vulnerability exploits the deserialization process of the Axiomthemes Sweet Dessert. Deserialization is the process of converting a serialized object back into its original state. If an attacker can manipulate the serialized object with untrusted data before it is deserialized, they can potentially inject harmful code or objects into the system. This could lead to unauthorized access, data manipulation, or even a full system compromise.

Conceptual Example Code

A potential exploitation could occur via a malicious HTTP POST request. The attacker sends a request with a manipulated serialized object in the request body. Here is a conceptual example of how such an attack might look:

POST /vulnerable/endpoint HTTP/1.1
Host: target.example.com
Content-Type: application/json
{ "malicious_payload": "<serialized object with injected harmful code>" }

In this example, the “malicious_payload” contains a serialized object that has been manipulated with injected harmful code. The server then deserializes this object, executing the harmful code in the process.

Mitigation

The most effective mitigation for this vulnerability is to apply the vendor patch. Axiomthemes has released a patch for Sweet Dessert, starting with version 1.1.13. Users are strongly advised to update to this version or later. If for some reason, an immediate update is not possible, using a Web Application Firewall (WAF) or an Intrusion Detection System (IDS) can provide temporary mitigation. These systems can detect and block known attack patterns associated with this vulnerability. However, these are only temporary measures and should not replace applying the vendor’s patch.

Overview

The cybersecurity world is facing a new challenge in the form of a vulnerability, CVE-2025-49072, which involves the deserialization of untrusted data. This vulnerability primarily affects the AncoraThemes Mr. Murphy before version 1.2.12.1. The flaw lies in how the program handles serialized objects, opening up a potential pathway for attackers to compromise systems or leak sensitive data. In this blog, we will explore the technical details of this vulnerability, its implications, and how to mitigate its effects.

Vulnerability Summary

CVE ID: CVE-2025-49072
Severity: Critical (CVSS: 9.8)
Attack Vector: Network
Privileges Required: None
User Interaction: None
Impact: System compromise, potential data leakage.

Affected Products

Product | Affected Versions

AncoraThemes Mr. Murphy | Before 1.2.12.1

How the Exploit Works

The vulnerability arises from the way AncoraThemes Mr. Murphy handles serialized (or deserialized) objects. If a malicious actor can influence the input being deserialized, they can manipulate the application into creating new objects or changing the state of existing ones. This can lead to a variety of undesired outcomes, including privilege escalation, data tampering, and, in the worst-case scenario, remote code execution.

Conceptual Example Code

Suppose an attacker wants to exploit this vulnerability. They might craft a POST request like the following, replacing “malicious_payload” with a serialized object containing malicious commands.

POST /vulnerable/endpoint HTTP/1.1
Host: target.example.com
Content-Type: application/json
{ "serialized_object": "malicious_payload" }

The server-side application, unaware of the malicious intent, deserializes the payload and executes the commands embedded within.

Mitigation

The most effective way to mitigate this vulnerability is to apply the vendor patch. AncoraThemes has already addressed this issue in Mr. Murphy version 1.2.12.1. It is recommended to upgrade to this version or later as soon as possible. If for any reason, the patch cannot be applied immediately, using a Web Application Firewall (WAF) or Intrusion Detection System (IDS) can serve as temporary mitigation. These systems can help detect and block attempts to exploit the vulnerability.
Remember, while mitigations can help prevent exploits, they are not a substitute for patching. Always keep your applications up-to-date to ensure the highest level of security.

Overview

The cybersecurity landscape is constantly evolving and one of the recent vulnerabilities that has been brought to the fore is CVE-2025-31259. This is a major security flaw that affects users of macOS Sequoia 15.5, potentially allowing an unauthorized app to gain elevated privileges on the system. The vulnerability is significant because it can lead to system compromise, or worse, data leakage, thereby posing a grave threat to users’ privacy and data security.
The issue has been addressed through improved input sanitization in the updated version of the macOS. However, users who are still operating on the older version are at risk, highlighting the importance of staying updated with the latest software patches and improvements.

Vulnerability Summary

CVE ID: CVE-2025-31259
Severity: High (7.8 CVSS Score)
Attack Vector: Local
Privileges Required: Low
User Interaction: Required
Impact: Elevated privileges leading to potential system compromise or data leakage

Affected Products

Product | Affected Versions

macOS Sequoia | 15.5

How the Exploit Works

The vulnerability CVE-2025-31259 exploits the lack of proper input sanitization in the macOS Sequoia 15.5. This flaw allows an app to manipulate the system and gain elevated privileges. With these escalated permissions, the app can access, modify, or delete sensitive data, potentially compromising the entire system or leading to unauthorized data disclosure.

Conceptual Example Code

Here’s a conceptual example of how the vulnerability might be exploited. This code snippet represents the malicious entity attempting to escalate its privileges on the system:

$ echo 'echo "$(whoami) ALL=(ALL) NOPASSWD:ALL" >&3' | DYLD_PRINT_TO_FILE=/etc/sudoers newgrp; sudo -s

This example illustrates the potential risk of the vulnerability. When executed, it tries to write a new entry to the “/etc/sudoers” file, which controls the sudo privileges in Unix-based systems like macOS. If successful, it grants the current user (the malicious app in this case) unrestricted sudo access without needing a password, thereby leading to privilege escalation.
It’s important to note that this is a hypothetical example and would require specific conditions (such as the ability to execute commands) to work. It’s shared to demonstrate the potential risk and is not an exact reproduction of the exploit.

Mitigation Guidance

Users of macOS Sequoia 15.5 are urged to apply the vendor patch immediately to fix this vulnerability. In the absence of an immediate patch, the use of a Web Application Firewall (WAF) or Intrusion Detection System (IDS) can provide temporary mitigation against potential exploits. As always, maintain vigilance in downloading and installing apps, especially from unverified sources, as they could potentially exploit this vulnerability.