Author: Ameeba

Overview

This post is centered on a critical vulnerability, indexed as CVE-2025-49013, that has been discovered in several projects within the WilderForge organization. The vulnerability arises due to the unsafe use of `${{ github.event.review.body }}` and other user-controlled variables directly within shell script contexts in GitHub Actions workflows. The vulnerability concerns developers who maintain or contribute to various repositories within the WilderForge organization, and those who fork these repositories and reuse the affected GitHub Actions workflows. A successful exploit could lead to arbitrary command execution, potentially compromising CI infrastructure, secrets, and build outputs.

Vulnerability Summary

CVE ID: CVE-2025-49013
Severity: Critical (CVSS score: 9.9)
Attack Vector: Network
Privileges Required: None
User Interaction: Required
Impact: Potential system compromise and data leakage

Affected Products

Product | Affected Versions

WilderForge/WilderForge | All Versions
WilderForge/ExampleMod | All Versions
WilderForge/WilderWorkspace | All Versions
WilderForge/WildermythGameProvider | All Versions
WilderForge/AutoSplitter | All Versions
WilderForge/SpASM | All Versions
WilderForge/thrixlvault | All Versions
WilderForge/MassHash | All Versions
WilderForge/DLC_Disabler | All Versions

How the Exploit Works

The exploit works by submitting a maliciously crafted pull request review containing shell metacharacters or commands. This enables the attacker to execute arbitrary shell code on the GitHub Actions runner. The code is executed with the permissions of the workflow, potentially compromising the CI infrastructure, secrets, and build outputs.

Conceptual Example Code

Here is a
conceptual
example of how the vulnerability might be exploited. In this example, `<<< "shell command"` represents the malicious shell command or metacharacters injected into the pull request review.

POST /repos/WilderForge/WilderForge/pulls/1/reviews HTTP/1.1
Host: api.github.com
Authorization: token USER_GITHUB_TOKEN
Accept: application/vnd.github.v3+json
Content-Type: application/json
{
"body": "${{ github.event.review.body }} <<< \"shell command\"",
"event": "APPROVE"
}

This request would submit an approving review for the specified pull request, and if processed by an affected GitHub Actions workflow, would execute the attacker’s arbitrary shell command.

Overview

A critical vulnerability identified as CVE-2025-5795 has been discovered, affecting the Tenda AC5 1.0/15.03.06.47 router. This vulnerability resides in the function fromadvsetlanip of the file /goform/AdvSetLanip, and it is linked to the improper handling of the lanMask argument which results in buffer overflow. Given the severity of this vulnerability, it is vital that network administrators and users of the affected product be aware and take necessary measures to mitigate the risk. This is because successful exploitation could lead to potential system compromise or data leakage.

Vulnerability Summary

CVE ID: CVE-2025-5795
Severity: Critical (8.8 CVSS v3)
Attack Vector: Network
Privileges Required: None
User Interaction: None
Impact: System compromise and potential data leakage

Affected Products

Product | Affected Versions

Tenda AC5 | 1.0/15.03.06.47

How the Exploit Works

The vulnerability stems from the improper handling of the lanMask argument in the fromadvsetlanip function of the /goform/AdvSetLanip file. An attacker can manipulate this argument to cause a buffer overflow. This can be done remotely without requiring any user interaction or privileges. Upon successful exploitation, the attacker can potentially compromise the system and leak sensitive data.

Conceptual Example Code

The following is a conceptual example of how an attacker might exploit this vulnerability via a malicious HTTP request:

POST /goform/AdvSetLanip HTTP/1.1
Host: target.example.com
Content-Type: application/x-www-form-urlencoded
lanMask=256&lanIp=192.168.1.1&lanGateway=192.168.1.254

In this example, the attacker manipulates the lanMask argument to an invalid value, causing a buffer overflow in the system. Note that this is a simplified example and real-world attacks may involve more complexity.

Mitigation Recommendations

Users and administrators are strongly advised to apply the vendor-provided patch as soon as possible to mitigate the risk posed by this vulnerability. If a patch cannot be immediately applied, implementing a Web Application Firewall (WAF) or Intrusion Detection System (IDS) can serve as a temporary mitigation measure to detect and block attempts to exploit this vulnerability. However, these should not be seen as long-term solutions and users should apply patches as soon as they become available.

Overview

The cybersecurity landscape is constantly evolving, and a new critical vulnerability, CVE-2025-5794, has emerged, threatening the security of devices using Tenda AC5 15.03.06.47. This vulnerability pertains to a buffer overflow in the function formSetPPTPUserList, found in the file /goform/setPptpUserList. The implications of this vulnerability are serious, given that it can be exploited remotely, potentially leading to system compromise or data leakage.
This blog post aims to shed light on the specifics of this vulnerability, its impact, and the steps necessary for mitigation. As buffer overflow vulnerabilities are a common attack vector, understanding the nature of this exploit is crucial for both cybersecurity professionals and users of the affected products.

Vulnerability Summary

CVE ID: CVE-2025-5794
Severity: Critical (8.8 CVSS Score)
Attack Vector: Remote
Privileges Required: None
User Interaction: None
Impact: System compromise or data leakage

Affected Products

Product | Affected Versions

Tenda AC5 | 15.03.06.47

How the Exploit Works

The exploit works by manipulating the argument list in the formSetPPTPUserList function. This manipulation leads to a buffer overflow, which is a condition where more data is put into a buffer than it can handle. This causes the extra data to overflow into adjacent memory spaces, potentially overwriting other data or causing the system to crash. In this case, the buffer overflow could enable an attacker to execute arbitrary code, potentially leading to system compromise or data leakage.

Conceptual Example Code

Here is a conceptual example of how the vulnerability might be exploited, using a malicious HTTP request:

POST /goform/setPptpUserList HTTP/1.1
Host: target.example.com
Content-Type: application/x-www-form-urlencoded
list=OVERFLOWING_DATA_HERE

In this example, the OVERFLOWING_DATA_HERE would be replaced by an excessively long string intended to overflow the buffer in the formSetPPTPUserList function.
The exact structure and content of the overflow data would depend on the specifics of the target system and the goals of the attack.

Recommended Mitigation

The best course of action to protect your systems from this vulnerability is to apply the vendor’s patch. If the patch is not yet available or cannot be applied immediately, using a Web Application Firewall (WAF) or Intrusion Detection System (IDS) could serve as a temporary mitigation measure. These tools can help detect and block exploit attempts, although they cannot fully eliminate the vulnerability. Regular patching and system updates should be part of your cybersecurity strategy to prevent exploitation of known vulnerabilities like CVE-2025-5794.

Overview

We are discussing a severe cybersecurity flaw that has cropped up in TOTOLINK’s EX1200T 4.1.2cu.5232_B20210713. This vulnerability, coded as CVE-2025-5793, is considered critical due to its potential to cause system compromise or data leakage, which could have disastrous consequences for affected users. As it affects an unknown function of the file /boafrm/formPortFw in the HTTP POST Request Handler component, this vulnerability is of particular concern to anyone using the affected version of TOTOLINK EX1200T.

Vulnerability Summary

CVE ID: CVE-2025-5793
Severity: Critical (CVSS 8.8)
Attack Vector: Network
Privileges Required: None
User Interaction: None
Impact: Potential system compromise or data leakage

Affected Products

Product | Affected Versions

TOTOLINK EX1200T | 4.1.2cu.5232_B20210713

How the Exploit Works

The CVE-2025-5793 vulnerability arises from a fault in an unknown function of the file /boafrm/formPortFw in the HTTP POST Request Handler. This flaw results in a buffer overflow when the service_type argument is manipulated. An attacker could use this vulnerability to send a specially crafted HTTP POST request to the affected system, causing the buffer overflow. This can lead to potential system compromise or data leakage.

Conceptual Example Code

Here is a
conceptual
example of how an attacker might exploit the vulnerability:

POST /boafrm/formPortFw HTTP/1.1
Host: target.example.com
Content-Type: application/x-www-form-urlencoded
service_type=OVERFLOWING_VALUE

In the above example, the attacker sends an HTTP POST request with a buffer-overflow-inducing value for the service_type argument.

Mitigation and Remediation

The most effective way to mitigate this vulnerability is by applying the patch provided by the vendor. If the patch is not immediately available or cannot be applied in a timely manner, using a Web Application Firewall (WAF) or Intrusion Detection System (IDS) can offer temporary mitigation. These solutions can be configured to detect and block the specific HTTP POST requests associated with this exploit. However, it’s crucial to remember that these are temporary measures, and the vendor’s patch should be applied as soon as feasible to fully resolve the vulnerability.

Overview

Recently, a critical vulnerability has been discovered in TOTOLINK EX1200T 4.1.2cu.5232_B20210713. This vulnerability, identified as CVE-2025-5792, is of significant concern due to its severity and the potential for remote execution. It directly affects the HTTP POST Request Handler, potentially compromising the system and leaking sensitive data. As IT professionals, network administrators, and security officers, understanding the implications of this vulnerability is critical to maintaining secure networks.

Vulnerability Summary

CVE ID: CVE-2025-5792
Severity: Critical (CVSS: 8.8)
Attack Vector: Network
Privileges Required: None
User Interaction: None
Impact: Potential system compromise or data leakage

Affected Products

Product | Affected Versions

TOTOLINK EX1200T | 4.1.2cu.5232_B20210713

How the Exploit Works

The vulnerability exists in the HTTP POST Request Handler’s processing of the file /boafrm/formWlanRedirect. Through the manipulation of the ‘redirect-url’ argument, an attacker can cause a buffer overflow. This overflow condition provides the attacker with the ability to execute arbitrary code or disrupt the normal operation of the system, potentially leading to system compromise or data leakage.

Conceptual Example Code

An attacker could exploit this vulnerability by sending a malicious HTTP POST request to the targeted system. A conceptual example of such a request might look like this:
“`http
POST /boafrm/formWlanRedirect HTTP/1.1
Host: target.example.com
Content-Type: application/x-www-form-urlencoded
redirect-url=http://%s/%s/%s/%s/%s/%s/%s/%s/%s/%s/%s/%s/%s/%s/%s/%s/%s/%s/%s/%s/%s/%s/%s/%s/%s/%s/%s/%s/%s/%s/%s/%s/%s/%s/%s/%s/%s/%s/%s/%s/%s/%s/%s/%s/%s/%s/%s/%s/%s/%s/%s/%s/%s/%s/%s/%s/%s/%s/%s/%s/%s/%s/%s/%s/%s/%s/%s/%s/%s/%s/%s/%s/%s/%s/%s/%s/%s/%s/%s/%s/%s/%s/%s/%s/%s/%s/%s/%s/%s/%s/%s/%s/%s/%s/%s/%s/%s/%s/%s/%s/%s/%s/%s/%s/%s/%s/%s/%s/%s/%s/%s/%s/%s/%s/%s/%s/%s/%s/%s/%s/%s/%s/%s/%s/%s/%s/%s/%s/%s/%s/%s/%s/%s/%s/%s/%s/%s/%s/%s/%s/%s/%s/%s/%s/%s/%s/%s/%s/%s/%s/%s/%s/%s/%s/%s/%s/%s/%s/%s/%s/%s/%s/%s/%s/%s/%s/%s/%s/%s/%s/%s/%s/%s/%s/%s/%s/%s/%s/%s/%s/%s/%s/%s/%s/%s/%s/%s/%s/%s/%s/%s/%s/%s/%s/%s/%s/%s/%s/%s/%s/%s/%s/%s/%s/%s/%s/%s/%s/%s/%s/%s/%s/%s/%s/%s/%s/%s/%s/%s/%s/%s/%s/%s/%s/%s/%s/%s/%s/%s/%s/%s/%s/%s/%s/%s/%s/%s/%s/%s/%s/%s/%s/%s/%s/%s/%s/%s/%s/%s/%s/%s/%s/%s/%s/%s/%s/%s/%s/%s/%s/%s/%s/%s/%s/%s/%s/%s/%s/%s/%s/%s/%s/%s/%s/%s/%s/%s/%s/%s/%s/%s/%s/%s/%s/%s/%s/%s/%s/%s/%s/%s/%s/%s/%s/%s/%s/%s/%s/%s/%s/%s/%s/%s/%s/%s/%s/%s/%s/%s/%s/%s/%s/%s/%s/%s/%s/%s/%s/%s/%s/%s/%s/%s/%s/%s/%s/%s/%s/%s/%s/%s/%s/%s/%s/%s/%s/%s/%s/%s/%s/%s/%s/%s/%s/%s/%s/%s/%s/%s/%s/%s/%s/%s/%s/%s/%s/%s/%s/%s/%s/%s/%s/%s/%s/%s/%s/%s/%s/%s/%s/%s/%s/%s/%s/%s/%s/%s/%s/%s/%s/%s/%s/%s/%s/%s/%s/%s/%s/%s/%s/%s/%s/%s/%s/%s/%s/%s/%s/%s/%s/%s/%s/%s/%s/%s/%s/%s/%s/%s/%s/%s/%s/%s/%s/%s/%s/%s/%s/%s/%s/%s/%s/%s/%s/%s/%s/%s/%s/%s/%s/%s/%s/%s/%s/%s/%s/%s/%s/%s/%s/%s/%s/%s/%s/%s/%s/%s/%s/%s/%s/%s/%s/%s/%s/%s/%s/%s/%s/%s/%s/%s/%s/%s/%s/%s/%s/%s/%s/%s/%s/%s/%s/%s/%s/%s/%s/%s/%s/%s/%s/%s/%s/%s/%s/%s/%s/%s/%s/%s/%s/%s/%s/%s/%s/%s/%s/%s/%s/%s/%s/%s/%s/%s/%s/%s/%s/%s/%s/%s/%s/%s/%s/%s/%s/%s/%s/%s/%s/%s/%s/%s/%s/%s/%s/%s/%s/%s/%s/%s/%s/%s/%s/%s/%s/%s/%s/%s/%s/%s/%s/%s/%s/%s/%s/%s/%s/%s/%s/%s/%s/%s/%s/%s/%s/%s/%s/%s/%s/%s/%s/%s/%s/%s/%s/%s/%s/%s/%s/%s/%s/%s/%s/%s/%s/%s/%s/%s/%s/%s/%s/%s/%s/%s/%s/%s/%s/%s/%s/%s/%s/%s/%s/%s/%s/%s/%s/%s/%s/%s/%s/%

Overview

The cybersecurity world has once again been stirred by the discovery of a critical vulnerability, CVE-2025-5790, found in TOTOLINK X15’s firmware version 1.0.0-B20230714.1105. This vulnerability has severe implications for users of the affected device, as it potentially exposes systems to compromise and data leakage. The significance of this issue is underlined by its high CVSS Severity Score of 8.8, indicating that its successful exploitation could have a severe impact on the confidentiality, integrity, and availability of user data and systems.

Vulnerability Summary

CVE ID: CVE-2025-5790
Severity: Critical (CVSS: 8.8)
Attack Vector: Network
Privileges Required: None
User Interaction: None
Impact: Potential system compromise and data leakage

Affected Products

Product | Affected Versions

TOTOLINK X15 | 1.0.0-B20230714.1105

How the Exploit Works

The exploit involves the manipulation of the ‘mac’ argument in the HTTP POST request handler file /boafrm/formIpQoS. By supplying an excessively long string to this argument, an attacker can trigger a buffer overflow. This overflow can potentially allow the attacker to execute arbitrary code or cause the system to crash, leading to a denial of service.

Conceptual Example Code

Here’s a conceptual example of how an HTTP POST request could potentially exploit this vulnerability:

POST /boafrm/formIpQoS HTTP/1.1
Host: target.example.com
Content-Type: application/x-www-form-urlencoded
mac=aabbccddeeffgghhiijjkkllmmnnooppqqrrssttuuvvwwxxyyzz

In this example, the ‘mac’ parameter is filled with a string that exceeds the expected length, potentially leading to a buffer overflow.

Mitigation

Users of TOTOLINK X15 version 1.0.0-B20230714.1105 are advised to apply the vendor-provided patch as soon as it’s available. As a temporary mitigation, the use of a Web Application Firewall (WAF) or Intrusion Detection System (IDS) is recommended to monitor and block suspicious activities. It’s also advisable to restrict network access to the affected devices and not expose them to the internet until a patch is applied.

Overview

A critical vulnerability, classified under CVE-2025-5789, has been identified in TOTOLINK X15 1.0.0-B20230714.1105, a widely utilized router. This vulnerability affects an unknown part of the file /boafrm/formPortFw of the HTTP POST Request Handler component. It is caused by the manipulation of the ‘service_type’ argument which results in a buffer overflow. This is a significant issue because the exploit not only can be initiated remotely but also has been disclosed to the public, increasing the risk of its potential misuse by malicious actors.

Vulnerability Summary

CVE ID: CVE-2025-5789
Severity: Critical (8.8 CVSS score)
Attack Vector: Network
Privileges Required: None
User Interaction: None
Impact: System compromise and potential data leakage

Affected Products

Product | Affected Versions

TOTOLINK X15 | 1.0.0-B20230714.1105

How the Exploit Works

The exploit leverages a buffer overflow vulnerability in the HTTP POST Request Handler component of the TOTOLINK X15 router. By manipulating the ‘service_type’ argument in the /boafrm/formPortFw file, an attacker can overflow the buffer, possibly leading to arbitrary code execution or system crashes. This can be carried out remotely without requiring any user interaction or privileges, thus presenting a significant security risk.

Conceptual Example Code

Below is a conceptual example of an HTTP request that could exploit this vulnerability:

POST /boafrm/formPortFw HTTP/1.1
Host: target.example.com
Content-Type: application/x-www-form-urlencoded
service_type=service%20type%20value%20exceeds%20buffer%20limit

In this example, the “service_type” value is manipulated to exceed the buffer limit, thus triggering the overflow.

Mitigation

To mitigate this vulnerability, users are advised to apply the vendor-provided patch as soon as it becomes available. In the meantime, using a Web Application Firewall (WAF) or Intrusion Detection System (IDS) can provide temporary protection against potential exploits. Furthermore, users should consider disabling remote management features if not in use, and implement strong, unique passwords to reduce the risk of unauthorized access.

Overview

A critical vulnerability, designated as CVE-2025-5788, has been discovered in the TOTOLINK X15 1.0.0-B20230714.1105. This particular vulnerability affects an unknown function of the file /boafrm/formReflashClientTbl of the HTTP POST Request Handler component. It’s particularly concerning due to the severity of its potential impact-system compromise or data leakage-and the fact that it can be exploited remotely. Being publicly disclosed, the exploit is widely accessible, increasing the risk for users of the affected TOTOLINK X15 versions.

Vulnerability Summary

CVE ID: CVE-2025-5788
Severity: Critical (8.8 CVSS Score)
Attack Vector: Network
Privileges Required: None
User Interaction: None
Impact: Potential system compromise or data leakage

Affected Products

Product | Affected Versions

TOTOLINK X15 | 1.0.0-B20230714.1105

How the Exploit Works

The vulnerability stems from an incorrect handling of the ‘submit-url’ argument in the HTTP POST Request Handler. This improper handling leads to a buffer overflow condition. An attacker can send a specially crafted HTTP POST request with manipulated ‘submit-url’ argument. This causes the buffer to overflow, potentially allowing the attacker to execute arbitrary code or cause a denial of service, leading to a complete system compromise.

Conceptual Example Code

Given the nature of this vulnerability, an attacker might exploit it using an HTTP POST request that manipulates the ‘submit-url’ argument. A conceptual example might look something like this:

POST /boafrm/formReflashClientTbl HTTP/1.1
Host: target.example.com
Content-Type: application/x-www-form-urlencoded
submit-url=<malicious_payload>

In this example, `` would be replaced with the attacker’s payload, designed to overflow the buffer and potentially gain control over the system.

Mitigation Guidance

Users are advised to apply the vendor-released patch as soon as possible. If this is not an option, using a Web Application Firewall (WAF) or Intrusion Detection System (IDS) can provide temporary mitigation. These systems can help detect and block malicious traffic that attempts to exploit this vulnerability.

Overview

A critical vulnerability has been identified in TOTOLINK X15 routers, specifically version 1.0.0-B20230714.1105. This vulnerability particularly affects the HTTP POST request handler, and it has the potential to compromise the system or leak sensitive data. Given that TOTOLINK routers are widely used, the risk magnitude is significant and could affect many users and businesses worldwide. It’s crucial to address this vulnerability to protect user data and maintain the integrity of networks.

Vulnerability Summary

CVE ID: CVE-2025-5787
Severity: Critical, CVSS Score 8.8
Attack Vector: Network (HTTP POST Request Handler)
Privileges Required: None
User Interaction: None
Impact: System compromise and potential data leakage

Affected Products

Product | Affected Versions

TOTOLINK X15 | 1.0.0-B20230714.1105

How the Exploit Works

The vulnerability lies in the unknown functionality of the file /boafrm/formWsc of the component HTTP POST Request Handler. It occurs when an argument, specifically ‘submit-url,’ is manipulated, causing a buffer overflow. This overflow can potentially allow an attacker to execute arbitrary code on the system or even cause a system crash. The exploit can be launched remotely and does not require user interaction.

Conceptual Example Code

An example of how the vulnerability might be exploited is shown below. This is a hypothetical HTTP POST request that includes a malicious payload:

POST /boafrm/formWsc HTTP/1.1
Host: vulnerable-router-ip
Content-Type: application/x-www-form-urlencoded
submit-url= malicious_payload

In this example, the “submit-url” argument is manipulated with a malicious payload. This is where the buffer overflow occurs, leading to system compromise or potential data leakage.

Mitigation and Prevention

The immediate recommendation is to apply vendor patches as soon as they become available to close off this vulnerability. As a temporary mitigation, using a Web Application Firewall (WAF) or Intrusion Detection System (IDS) can help detect and prevent exploitation attempts. However, these measures are interim and do not substitute patching the vulnerability. It is also recommended to limit access to the router’s management interface to trusted networks and hosts only.

Overview

A critical vulnerability has been discovered in TOTOLINK X15 1.0.0-B20230714.1105 that could potentially lead to system compromise or data leakage. The vulnerability is located in an unknown function of the file /boafrm/formDMZ of the component HTTP POST Request Handler. It has been classified as critical due to its potential impact and ease of exploitation. The manipulation of the argument ‘submit-url’ can trigger a buffer overflow, and it is possible to launch the attack remotely. This vulnerability is especially concerning as the exploit has been made public and could be used by malicious actors to compromise systems.

Vulnerability Summary

CVE ID: CVE-2025-5786
Severity: Critical, CVSS score 8.8
Attack Vector: Network
Privileges Required: None
User Interaction: None
Impact: Potential system compromise or data leakage

Affected Products

Product | Affected Versions

TOTOLINK X15 | 1.0.0-B20230714.1105

How the Exploit Works

The exploit works by manipulating the ‘submit-url’ argument in an HTTP POST request. This causes a buffer overflow in an unknown function of the file /boafrm/formDMZ of the component HTTP POST Request Handler. Buffer overflows can allow an attacker to write arbitrary data to the system, which could lead to a system compromise or data leakage. The fact that the exploit can be initiated remotely adds to its severity.

Conceptual Example Code

Here’s a conceptual example of how the vulnerability might be exploited. This is a sample HTTP POST request, where ‘malicious_payload’ represents an overly long string designed to trigger the buffer overflow:

POST /boafrm/formDMZ HTTP/1.1
Host: target.example.com
Content-Type: application/x-www-form-urlencoded
submit-url=malicious_payload

This is a conceptual example and may not represent a working exploit. However, it’s intended to demonstrate the potential vulnerability and how it might be exploited.

Mitigation Guidance

Currently, the recommended mitigation is to apply the vendor patch as soon as it is available. If the patch is not available or cannot be applied, using a Web Application Firewall (WAF) or Intrusion Detection System (IDS) can provide temporary mitigation. These systems can help detect and block attempts to exploit this vulnerability. However, these are only temporary solutions and do not address the underlying vulnerability. Thus, applying the vendor patch as soon as possible remains the recommended course of action.