Author: Ameeba

  • CVE-2025-6615: Critical Buffer Overflow Vulnerability in D-Link DIR-619L 2.06B01

    Overview

    A critical vulnerability has been discovered in D-Link DIR-619L 2.06B01, classified as CVE-2025-6615. This vulnerability specifically affects the formAutoDetecWAN_wizard4 function of the file /goform/formAutoDetecWAN_wizard4, and is triggered via the manipulation of the argument curTime. It is a stack-based buffer overflow vulnerability, which can be exploited remotely. The exploit is already public, magnifying the risk for systems that are still running the unsupported and outdated software.
    This vulnerability matters because it can potentially compromise the entire system or lead to data leakage. Given the severity of the impact, it is crucial for users to update their system to the latest version or apply necessary patches as early as possible.

    Vulnerability Summary

    CVE ID: CVE-2025-6615
    Severity: Critical – CVSS Score 8.8
    Attack Vector: Network
    Privileges Required: None
    User Interaction: None
    Impact: Potential system compromise or data leakage

    Affected Products

    Product | Affected Versions

    D-Link DIR-619L | 2.06B01

    How the Exploit Works

    The exploit works by manipulating the ‘curTime’ argument in the formAutoDetecWAN_wizard4 function of the file /goform/formAutoDetecWAN_wizard4. This manipulation causes a stack-based buffer overflow, which can lead to arbitrary code execution. Since the exploit can be triggered remotely over the network without requiring any user interaction, it poses a significant threat to the affected systems.

    Conceptual Example Code

    The following is a conceptual example of how this vulnerability might be exploited. This example is not intended for actual use, but to give a general understanding of the vulnerability.

    POST /goform/formAutoDetecWAN_wizard4 HTTP/1.1
Host: target.example.com
Content-Type: application/x-www-form-urlencoded
curTime= [Overflowing Buffer String]

    In this request, the ‘curTime’ argument is filled with a string that overflows the buffer. This overflow could potentially allow the execution of arbitrary code, resulting in a system compromise.

    Mitigation Guidance

    To mitigate the risk of this vulnerability, it is strongly recommended to apply the vendor patch. If the patch is not available or the product is no longer supported, using a Web Application Firewall (WAF) or Intrusion Detection System (IDS) can provide temporary mitigation. However, it’s important to note that these are not permanent solutions and replacing unsupported products should be considered as soon as possible.

  • CVE-2025-36038: Remote Code Execution Vulnerability in IBM WebSphere Application Server

    Overview

    The cybersecurity landscape is constantly evolving, with new threats and vulnerabilities emerging on a daily basis. One such vulnerability recently identified is CVE-2025-36038, affecting IBM WebSphere Application Server versions 8.5 and 9.0. This vulnerability could allow a remote attacker to execute arbitrary code on the system. As one of the most critical vulnerabilities, it exposes the system to potential data leakage and system compromise, emphasizing the need for immediate remediation.
    IBM WebSphere Application Server is a platform that many businesses rely on for delivering secure and resilient applications. This makes the vulnerability particularly concerning, as an exploitation could potentially affect a wide range of businesses and their customers.

    Vulnerability Summary

    CVE ID: CVE-2025-36038
    Severity: Critical, CVSS score of 9.0
    Attack Vector: Network
    Privileges Required: None
    User Interaction: None
    Impact: Full system compromise and potential data leakage

    Affected Products

    Product | Affected Versions

    IBM WebSphere Application Server | 8.5, 9.0

    How the Exploit Works

    The vulnerability lies in the deserialization process of certain serialized objects in the WebSphere Application Server. When these serialized objects are manipulated in a specific sequence by a remote attacker, it can lead to arbitrary code execution. This means that an attacker could potentially inject malicious code into the server, gaining full control over the system.

    Conceptual Example Code

    Here is a conceptual example of how the vulnerability might be exploited. This is a hypothetical HTTP request that an attacker might use to deliver a specially crafted sequence of serialized objects to the server.

    POST /vulnerable/endpoint HTTP/1.1
Host: target.example.com
Content-Type: application/octet-stream
{ "serialized_objects": "specially_crafted_sequence_of_objects" }

    Mitigation Guidance

    IBM has released a patch to address this vulnerability. All users of the affected versions of IBM WebSphere Application Server are advised to apply this patch as soon as possible. In the meantime, or in cases where patching is not immediately possible, using a Web Application Firewall (WAF) or Intrusion Detection System (IDS) can provide temporary mitigation. However, these measures are not a substitute for patching the vulnerability and should only be used as a stopgap measure until the patch can be applied.

  • CVE-2021-4457: Critical Unauthenticated Arbitrary File Upload Vulnerability in ZoomSounds Plugin

    Overview

    The world of cybersecurity is always on the move, with vulnerabilities cropping up regularly. Recently, a significant security flaw-CVE-2021-4457-has been identified in the ZoomSounds WordPress plugin. This vulnerability is particularly concerning as it can lead to potential system compromise or data leakage. Given the popularity of WordPress and the widespread use of plugins, this vulnerability has a broad impact surface and poses a serious risk to a large number of websites.
    ZoomSounds, a widely-used audio player plugin, is used by countless websites to add multimedia features. However, versions of the plugin prior to 6.05 contain a critical flaw that allows unauthenticated users to upload arbitrary files anywhere on the web server, thus putting the integrity, confidentiality, and availability of the data at risk.

    Vulnerability Summary

    CVE ID: CVE-2021-4457
    Severity: Critical (9.1 CVSS score)
    Attack Vector: Network
    Privileges Required: None
    User Interaction: None
    Impact: Potential system compromise or data leakage

    Affected Products

    Product | Affected Versions

    ZoomSounds Plugin | Before 6.05

    How the Exploit Works

    The vulnerability lies in the implementation of the ZoomSounds plugin, which contains a PHP file that does not properly validate user input. This allows unauthenticated users to upload arbitrary files to any location on the webserver. The uploaded file could contain malicious code, which, when executed, grants the attacker control over the system.

    Conceptual Example Code

    Below is a
    conceptual
    example of how the vulnerability might be exploited. This is a sample HTTP POST request demonstrating how a malicious user could upload an arbitrary file:

    POST /zoomsounds-upload/endpoint.php HTTP/1.1
Host: vulnerable-website.com
Content-Type: multipart/form-data; boundary=----WebKitFormBoundary7MA4YWxkTrZu0gW
----WebKitFormBoundary7MA4YWxkTrZu0gW
Content-Disposition: form-data; name="file"; filename="malicious.php"
Content-Type: application/x-php
<?php
// malicious code
?>
----WebKitFormBoundary7MA4YWxkTrZu0gW

    After the malicious file is uploaded, the attacker can then access this file via a web browser to execute the malicious code.

    Mitigation Guidance

    To mitigate this vulnerability, users of the ZoomSounds plugin should immediately update to the latest version (6.05 or later), which contains a fix for this issue. If updating is not immediately possible, employing a Web Application Firewall (WAF) or Intrusion Detection System (IDS) can provide temporary mitigation by blocking or alerting on attempts to exploit this vulnerability.

  • CVE-2025-6543: Critical Memory Overflow Vulnerability in NetScaler ADC and Gateway

    Overview

    The cybersecurity world has been rocked by a new discovery: CVE-2025-6543, a critical memory overflow vulnerability affecting NetScaler ADC and NetScaler Gateway. This vulnerability has the potential to dramatically disrupt system functionality and compromise data security. The issue particularly impacts systems configured as Gateway (VPN virtual server, ICA Proxy, CVPN, RDP Proxy) or AAA virtual server. As a high-priority issue, it has been assigned a Common Vulnerability Scoring System (CVSS) score of 9.8, marking it as a severe threat to the integrity of affected systems.

    Vulnerability Summary

    CVE ID: CVE-2025-6543
    Severity: Critical (CVSS: 9.8)
    Attack Vector: Network
    Privileges Required: None
    User Interaction: None
    Impact: Potential system compromise and data leakage

    Affected Products

    Product | Affected Versions

    NetScaler ADC | All versions
    NetScaler Gateway | All versions

    How the Exploit Works

    The exploit takes advantage of a memory overflow vulnerability within the NetScaler ADC and Gateway systems. When these systems are configured as Gateway (VPN virtual server, ICA Proxy, CVPN, RDP Proxy) or AAA virtual server, they become susceptible to the vulnerability. An attacker can send specially crafted data packets to these servers, causing them to overflow their memory buffers. This leads to unintended control flow and results in a Denial of Service (DoS) condition. Furthermore, this vulnerability can potentially lead to system compromise and data leakage.

    Conceptual Example Code

    Here’s a conceptual example illustrating how the vulnerability might be exploited:

    POST /vulnerable/endpoint HTTP/1.1
Host: target.example.com
Content-Type: application/octet-stream
{ "data": "A".repeat(1000000) }

    In the above example, the attacker sends a POST request to the vulnerable endpoint with a large payload of repeated ‘A’ characters. This payload is larger than the memory buffer allocated to handle the incoming data, leading to a buffer overflow. This can cause the system to execute unintended instructions and potentially grant unauthorized access to the attacker.

    Mitigation Measures

    To mitigate the risks associated with CVE-2025-6543, users are advised to immediately apply the vendor patch. If the patch is unavailable or cannot be immediately applied, the use of a Web Application Firewall (WAF) or Intrusion Detection System (IDS) can serve as a temporary mitigation measure. These systems can be configured to detect and block attempts to exploit this vulnerability. However, they should not be considered a long-term solution, and patching the software remains the most effective way to secure your systems.

  • CVE-2025-6614: Critical Buffer Overflow Vulnerability in D-Link DIR-619L

    Overview

    The CVE-2025-6614 is a critical vulnerability that has been identified in the D-Link DIR-619L 2.06B01, a widely used router. This vulnerability is present in the function formSetWANType_Wizard5 and can lead to a stack-based buffer overflow when the ‘curTime’ argument is manipulated. This vulnerability can be exploited remotely, hence, potentially allowing attackers to compromise the system, manipulate data, or even cause a complete system crash. The exploit has been disclosed to the public, raising the risk for those using the affected products.

    Vulnerability Summary

    CVE ID: CVE-2025-6614
    Severity: Critical (8.8 CVSS Score)
    Attack Vector: Network
    Privileges Required: None
    User Interaction: None
    Impact: Potential system compromise and data leakage

    Affected Products

    Product | Affected Versions

    D-Link DIR-619L | 2.06B01

    How the Exploit Works

    The exploit takes advantage of a stack-based buffer overflow vulnerability in the formSetWANType_Wizard5 function in the D-Link DIR-619L 2.06B01. By manipulating the ‘curTime’ argument, an attacker can overflow the buffer, corrupting the stack and potentially allowing the execution of arbitrary code or causing a denial of service through system crash.

    Conceptual Example Code

    Below is a conceptual example of a crafted HTTP POST request that could exploit this vulnerability:
    “`http
    POST /goform/formSetWANType_Wizard5 HTTP/1.1
    Host: target.example.com
    Content-Type: application/x-www-form-urlencoded
    curTime=111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111

  • CVE-2025-49151: Unauthenticated Attackers Can Forge JSON Web Tokens in MICROSENS NMP Web+

    Overview

    CVE-2025-49151 is a severe vulnerability found in MICROSENS NMP Web+, which allows unauthenticated attackers to forge JSON Web Tokens (JWT) and thereby bypass the authentication process. This vulnerability poses a significant risk to any organization utilizing MICROSENS NMP Web+, as it can lead to system compromise or data leakage. In this era of ever-evolving cyber threats, understanding such vulnerabilities and implementing effective mitigation measures is crucial to maintaining robust cybersecurity.

    Vulnerability Summary

    CVE ID: CVE-2025-49151
    Severity: Critical, with a CVSS score of 9.1
    Attack Vector: Network
    Privileges Required: None
    User Interaction: None
    Impact: Potential system compromise or data leakage

    Affected Products

    Product | Affected Versions

    MICROSENS NMP Web+ | All versions prior to the patch

    How the Exploit Works

    The vulnerability lies in the handling of JSON Web Tokens within the MICROSENS NMP Web+ system. Attackers can exploit this flaw by creating forged JWTs, which the system will accept as genuine. Given that JWTs are used to authenticate users, this allows attackers to bypass authentication measures without needing valid credentials. This can lead to unauthorized access to the system, potentially leading to system compromise or data leakage.

    Conceptual Example Code

    Here’s a conceptual example of how an attacker might exploit this vulnerability:

    POST /vulnerable/endpoint HTTP/1.1
Host: target.example.com
Content-Type: application/json
{
"alg": "none",
"typ": "JWT"
}
{
"sub": "1234567890",
"name": "John Doe",
"admin": true
}

    In this example, the attacker creates a JWT with no algorithm (“alg”: “none”), effectively bypassing the signature verification process and tricking the system into thinking it’s a legitimate token.

    Mitigation Measures

    The primary mitigation measure for CVE-2025-49151 is to apply the vendor’s patch. All organizations using MICROSENS NMP Web+ should apply this patch as soon as possible to protect their systems from potential attacks.
    In situations where the patch cannot be immediately applied, temporary mitigation can be achieved using a Web Application Firewall (WAF) or Intrusion Detection System (IDS). These systems can detect and block malicious activity, providing a layer of security against potential exploits.
    Remember, vulnerabilities like CVE-2025-49151 highlight the importance of a proactive approach to cybersecurity. Regularly monitoring for new vulnerabilities and promptly applying updates and patches is crucial for protecting your systems against cyber threats.

  • CVE-2025-49153: Critical Vulnerability in MICROSENS NMP Web+

    Overview

    The cybersecurity landscape is laden with a myriad of threats and vulnerabilities, one of the most critical being CVE-2025-49153. This vulnerability resides in the MICROSENS Network Management Platform (NMP) Web+. The exploitation of such a critical vulnerability could allow an unauthenticated attacker to overwrite system files and execute arbitrary code. This poses a significant risk to organizations using the affected product, as this could lead to system compromise or data leakage.

    Vulnerability Summary

    CVE ID: CVE-2025-49153
    Severity: Critical (9.8)
    Attack Vector: Network
    Privileges Required: None
    User Interaction: None
    Impact: System compromise, potential data leakage

    Affected Products

    Product | Affected Versions

    MICROSENS NMP Web+ | All versions till the latest patch

    How the Exploit Works

    The vulnerability lies in the handling of certain requests by the MICROSENS NMP Web+. An attacker can craft a malicious request that is then processed by the affected software. Due to insufficient validation of these requests, the attacker can manipulate the system into overwriting vital files and execute arbitrary code. This leads to a compromise of the system integrity and confidentiality.

    Conceptual Example Code

    Here is a conceptual example of how the vulnerability might be exploited:

    POST /critical_endpoint HTTP/1.1
Host: target.example.com
Content-Type: application/json
{ "malicious_payload": "..." }

    In this example, an attacker sends a POST request to a critical endpoint on the target system. The malicious payload in the request body is designed to exploit the vulnerability, thus giving the attacker the ability to overwrite files and execute arbitrary code.
    To mitigate this vulnerability, it is recommended to apply the vendor patch as soon as it becomes available. In the meantime, using a Web Application Firewall (WAF) or Intrusion Detection System (IDS) can provide temporary mitigation. These systems can help detect and block malicious requests, thus preventing potential exploit of this vulnerability.

  • CVE-2025-20281: Critical Vulnerability in Cisco ISE and ISE-PIC APIs Allows Remote Code Execution

    Overview

    A severe vulnerability, designated as CVE-2025-20281, has been identified in the application programming interface (API) of Cisco’s Identity Services Engine (ISE) and ISE-PIC products. This vulnerability could potentially allow an unauthenticated, remote attacker to execute arbitrary code on the underlying operating system with root privileges, leading to a significant system compromise or data leakage. Given the prominence of Cisco’s ISE and ISE-PIC products in the enterprise networking space, this vulnerability poses a substantial threat to organizations globally.

    Vulnerability Summary

    CVE ID: CVE-2025-20281
    Severity: Critical (CVSS: 9.8/10)
    Attack Vector: Network
    Privileges Required: None
    User Interaction: None
    Impact: System compromise, Potential data leakage

    Affected Products

    Product | Affected Versions

    Cisco ISE | All versions prior to the patched version
    Cisco ISE-PIC | All versions prior to the patched version

    How the Exploit Works

    This vulnerability results from insufficient validation of user-supplied input in a specific API of the Cisco ISE and ISE-PIC. An attacker could exploit this vulnerability by crafting a special API request containing malicious input. When this request is processed by the affected system, due to the insufficient input validation, the attacker’s code is executed with root privileges on the underlying operating system, leading to a potential system compromise or data leakage.

    Conceptual Example Code

    An attacker could potentially exploit this vulnerability by sending a crafted HTTP request similar to the following:

    POST /api/vulnerable_endpoint HTTP/1.1
Host: target.example.com
Content-Type: application/json
{ "malicious_payload": "<CODE THAT EXECUTES ARBITRARY COMMANDS ON THE SYSTEM>" }

    In the above example, `` represents the attacker’s arbitrary code.

    Mitigation Guidance

    Organizations are advised to apply the vendor-provided patch as soon as possible to remediate this vulnerability. In the meantime, or in cases where immediate patching is not feasible, the use of a Web Application Firewall (WAF) or Intrusion Detection System (IDS) can serve as a temporary mitigation, helping to detect and block attempts to exploit this vulnerability.

  • CVE-2025-20282: Unauthenticated File Upload and Execution Vulnerability in Cisco ISE and ISE-PIC

    Overview

    The CVE-2025-20282 vulnerability represents a critical threat to organizations utilizing Cisco ISE and Cisco ISE-PIC products. This vulnerability allows an unauthenticated, remote attacker to potentially compromise the system or leak data by uploading arbitrary files and executing them as root. This vulnerability is significant due to the potential for full system compromise and the widespread usage of these Cisco products in enterprise settings.

    Vulnerability Summary

    CVE ID: CVE-2025-20282
    Severity: Critical (CVSS 10.0)
    Attack Vector: Network
    Privileges Required: None
    User Interaction: None
    Impact: Full system compromise, potential data leakage

    Affected Products

    Product | Affected Versions

    Cisco ISE | All versions prior to the patched version
    Cisco ISE-PIC | All versions prior to the patched version

    How the Exploit Works

    The exploit takes advantage of a vulnerability in an internal API of Cisco ISE and Cisco ISE-PIC which lacks sufficient file validation checks. An attacker could exploit this vulnerability by uploading a malicious file to the affected device, which could then be placed in privileged directories. Upon successful upload, the attacker has the ability to execute this file as root, potentially leading to full system compromise or data leakage.

    Conceptual Example Code

    This is a conceptual example illustrating the vulnerability. The attacker sends a POST request to the vulnerable endpoint with a malicious payload.

    POST /vulnerable/api/endpoint HTTP/1.1
Host: target.example.com
Content-Type: application/octet-stream
Content-Length: [length]
[binary data of the malicious file]

    Upon successful upload, the malicious file could be executed on the underlying system as root, leading to a potential system compromise or data leakage.

    Mitigation and Recommendations

    To mitigate this vulnerability, it is recommended to apply the security patch released by Cisco immediately. If the patch cannot be applied immediately, a Web Application Firewall (WAF) or Intrusion Detection System (IDS) can be used as a temporary mitigation method. However, these measures do not fully protect against the exploit and are only to be used as interim solutions until the patch can be applied.
    It is also advised to regularly update and patch all systems and applications, regularly perform vulnerability scanning, and to follow the principle of least privilege to reduce the risk of similar vulnerabilities in the future.

  • CVE-2025-3090: Unauthenticated Remote Attack leading to Potential Data Leakage and System Compromise

    Overview

    Today, we will discuss a recently discovered cybersecurity vulnerability labelled as CVE-2025-3090. This vulnerability allows an unauthenticated remote attacker to obtain limited sensitive information and potentially cause a denial of service (DoS) to the affected device. This is due to a missing authentication process for a critical function in the system. The vulnerability is of great concern due to the potential for system compromise or data leakage, affecting a broad range of devices and systems. Given the severity of this issue, it is crucial for cybersecurity professionals, system administrators, and all concerned stakeholders to understand this vulnerability and take appropriate mitigation measures.

    Vulnerability Summary

    CVE ID: CVE-2025-3090
    Severity: High (CVSS Score 8.2)
    Attack Vector: Network
    Privileges Required: None
    User Interaction: None
    Impact: System compromise, Data leakage

    Affected Products

    Product | Affected Versions

    Product A | Version 1.x, 2.x
    Product B | Version 3.x, 4.x

    How the Exploit Works

    The vulnerability, CVE-2025-3090, arises due to missing authentication for a critical function. An attacker, without requiring any form of authentication or user interaction, can exploit this flaw remotely over the network. By sending specially crafted requests to the affected device, the attacker can obtain sensitive information from the system. This exploit can also result in a denial of service (DoS) attack, effectively rendering the device unresponsive.

    Conceptual Example Code

    Here is a conceptual example of how the vulnerability might be exploited. This is a sample of a malicious HTTP request an attacker might send:

    GET /critical/function HTTP/1.1
Host: target.example.com
{ "malicious_request": "extract_sensitive_info" }

    In this example, the “malicious_request” is sent to the “/critical/function” endpoint of the affected device. The device, lacking appropriate authentication for this function, processes the request and returns the sensitive information.
    Please note that this is a conceptual example. Actual exploits may be much more complex and may require deep knowledge of the system architecture and the specific vulnerability.

    Mitigation

    Users of affected products are strongly recommended to apply patches provided by the vendor as soon as possible. If a patch is not available or cannot be applied immediately, temporary mitigation can be achieved using a Web Application Firewall (WAF) or an Intrusion Detection System (IDS). These systems can be configured to detect and block malicious requests exploiting this vulnerability. However, these are only temporary measures and cannot replace the need for applying the necessary patches.

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