Author: Ameeba

CVE-2025-5393: Arbitrary File Deletion Vulnerability in Alone – Charity Multipurpose Non-profit WordPress Theme
Overview

The Alone – Charity Multipurpose Non-profit WordPress Theme has been discovered to have a critical vulnerability, CVE-2025-5393, that affects all versions of the theme up to, and including, version 7.8.3. This vulnerability allows unauthenticated attackers to delete arbitrary files on the server, which can lead to remote code execution when a crucial file such as the wp-config.php is deleted. Given the widespread usage of WordPress and the theme in question, this vulnerability presents a significant risk to a large number of websites and their underlying systems.

Vulnerability Summary

CVE ID: CVE-2025-5393
Severity: Critical, CVSS Score: 9.1
Attack Vector: Network
Privileges Required: None
User Interaction: None
Impact: Potential system compromise or data leakage

Affected Products

Product | Affected Versions

Alone – Charity Multipurpose Non-profit WordPress Theme | Up to and including 7.8.3

How the Exploit Works

This vulnerability stems from the lack of proper file path validation in the alone_import_pack_restore_data() function. An attacker can manipulate the file path in the function to delete any file on the server. If a critical file such as wp-config.php is deleted, it could lead to remote code execution, allowing the attacker to execute arbitrary code or commands on the server.

Conceptual Example Code

Though it would be unethical and potentially illegal to provide actual exploit code, a conceptual example would look something like this:
```
POST /wp-admin/admin-ajax.php?action=alone_import_pack_restore_data HTTP/1.1
Host: target.example.com
Content-Type: application/json
{ "file": "../../../../../../etc/passwd" }
```
In this conceptual example, the malicious payload is designed to trick the server into deleting the /etc/passwd file, a critical file on Unix-based systems.

Impact and Mitigation

A successful exploitation of this vulnerability could lead to system compromise or data leakage. As the vulnerability allows for arbitrary file deletion, an attacker could potentially delete any file on the server. This could lead to significant disruption of the website, data loss or even complete system takeover if the right files are deleted.
As for mitigation, users are advised to apply the vendor patch as soon as it becomes available. In the meantime, using a Web Application Firewall (WAF) or an Intrusion Detection System (IDS) could serve as temporary mitigation by blocking malicious traffic attempting to exploit this vulnerability.
July 21, 2025
CVE-2025-53825: Unauthenticated Preview Deployment Vulnerability in Dokploy
Overview

The cybersecurity world is in a state of high alert due to the discovery of a new significant vulnerability, CVE-2025-53825. This vulnerability is associated with Dokploy, a popular free, self-hostable Platform as a Service (PaaS). This vulnerability is particularly critical, given the fact that it allows any user to execute arbitrary code and access sensitive environment variables. This is achievable by merely opening a pull request on a public repository. This risk puts all public Dokploy users using preview deployments at risk, potentially leading to system compromise or significant data leakage.
This blog post is intended to provide a comprehensive analysis of this vulnerability, its potential impact, the mechanism of exploitation, and the necessary mitigation strategies. For organizations leveraging Dokploy, understanding and addressing this vulnerability is crucial to ensuring the security of their data and systems.

Vulnerability Summary

CVE ID: CVE-2025-53825
Severity: Critical (9.4 CVSS Score)
Attack Vector: Network
Privileges Required: None
User Interaction: Required
Impact: System compromise or data leakage

Affected Products

Product | Affected Versions

Dokploy | Prior to Version 0.24.3

How the Exploit Works

The vulnerability manifests itself when an unauthenticated user opens a pull request on a public repository. This action triggers a preview deployment, which exposes sensitive environment variables. This exposure opens a pathway for attackers to execute arbitrary code, potentially leading to unauthorized access to the system or data leakage.

Conceptual Example Code

Below is a conceptual example of how this vulnerability might be exploited using an HTTP request:
```
POST /pull_request/open HTTP/1.1
Host: target.example.com
Content-Type: application/json
{
"pull_request": {
"repo": "public_repo",
"branch": "master",
"changes": [
{
"type": "add",
"file": "exploit.sh",
"content": "echo $ENVIRONMENT_VARIABLES"
}
]
}
}
```
In this example, the attacker creates a pull request that adds an exploit script. This script, when executed, will print out all the environment variables, potentially revealing sensitive information.

Recommendations

The most effective mitigation strategy for this vulnerability is to upgrade Dokploy to version 0.24.3 or above, which contains the necessary fix for the issue. If the upgrade is not immediately possible, organizations can use a Web Application Firewall (WAF) or Intrusion Detection System (IDS) as a temporary mitigation strategy. It is crucial for organizations to prioritize this vulnerability and take appropriate action to secure their systems and data.
July 21, 2025
CVE-2025-52376: Authentication Bypass Vulnerability in Nexxt Solutions NCM-X1800 Mesh Router
Overview

CVE-2025-52376 represents a severe vulnerability that affects the firmware of the Nexxt Solutions NCM-X1800 Mesh Router. It exposes a loophole in the /web/um_open_telnet.cgi endpoint, allowing unauthorized access to the Telnet service without authentication. This exploit can provide the attacker with administrative shell access and the ability to execute arbitrary commands on the device.
This vulnerability is highly concerning due to its potential impact on both individual users and corporations. With unauthorized access, an attacker can compromise the system, leading to potential data leakage or total system control. Therefore, understanding and mitigating this vulnerability is of utmost importance for cybersecurity.

Vulnerability Summary

CVE ID: CVE-2025-52376
Severity: Critical (9.8 CVSS score)
Attack Vector: Network
Privileges Required: None
User Interaction: None
Impact: Potential system compromise and data leakage

Affected Products

Product | Affected Versions

Nexxt Solutions NCM-X1800 Mesh Router | firmware UV1.2.7 and below

How the Exploit Works

The vulnerability resides in the /web/um_open_telnet.cgi endpoint of the Nexxt Solutions NCM-X1800 Mesh Router firmware. An attacker can exploit this vulnerability by sending a specific network request to this endpoint. Upon receiving the request, the router unintentionally enables the Telnet service, bypassing any security controls.
The Telnet server, once enabled, is accessible with hard-coded credentials, providing an attacker with administrative shell access on the device. This level of access allows the attacker to execute arbitrary commands, potentially compromising the entire system.

Conceptual Example Code

Below is a conceptual HTTP request example that an attacker might employ to exploit the vulnerability:
```
GET /web/um_open_telnet.cgi HTTP/1.1
Host: target_router_ip
```
Once the Telnet service is enabled, an attacker can log in using hard-coded credentials:
```
telnet target_router_ip
Username: admin
Password: admin
```
The above example is only conceptual and does not represent actual exploit code. The actual payload would depend on the specific device configuration and the goals of the attacker.
July 21, 2025
CVE-2025-3621: Critical Vulnerability in ActADUR Local Server Product Allowing Remote Code Inclusion
Overview

The cybersecurity landscape is regularly marred by the discovery of new vulnerabilities. One such critical vulnerability, designated as CVE-2025-3621, has been discovered in the ActADUR local server product developed by ProTNS. This security flaw has the potential to put a substantial amount of sensitive data at risk and could potentially allow unauthorized users to execute arbitrary code on host systems. Given the widespread use of ActADUR in various IT infrastructures, this vulnerability is a serious concern that merits immediate attention.

Vulnerability Summary

CVE ID: CVE-2025-3621
Severity: Critical (CVSS Score: 9.6)
Attack Vector: Network
Privileges Required: None
User Interaction: None
Impact: Potential system compromise or data leakage

Affected Products

Product | Affected Versions

ActADUR Local Server | Versions from v2.0.1.9 to v2.0.2.0

How the Exploit Works

The vulnerability stems from several weaknesses in the ActADUR local server product. Firstly, the system fails to neutralize special elements used in a command, allowing command injection. Additionally, the use of hard-coded credentials allows unauthorized users to gain access to the system. Furthermore, the system has flaws in its authentication process, and it binds to an unrestricted IP address, both of which contribute to the overall vulnerability of the system.

Conceptual Example Code

The following is a simplified example of how an attacker could exploit this vulnerability:
```
POST /ActADUR/endpoint HTTP/1.1
Host: vulnerable.system.com
Content-Type: application/json
{
"command": "; rm -rf /;"
"credentials": "hardcoded_user:hardcoded_password"
}
```
In this example, the attacker sends a JSON payload containing a command to delete all files in the system’s root directory, taking advantage of the command injection vulnerability. The hardcoded credentials are also used to bypass the system’s authentication process.

Mitigation

Users are strongly advised to update their ActADUR local server product to version v2.0.2.0 or above. In the meantime, as a temporary mitigation, a Web Application Firewall (WAF) or Intrusion Detection System (IDS) may be used. ProTNS has released a patch to address this vulnerability, and users are urged to apply this patch as soon as possible to protect their systems and maintain the integrity of their data.
July 21, 2025
CVE-2025-7340: Critical Arbitrary File Upload Vulnerability in HT Contact Form Widget For WordPress
Overview

The CVE-2025-7340 is a critical vulnerability that affects the HT Contact Form Widget For Elementor Page Builder & Gutenberg Blocks & Form Builder plugin for WordPress. This plugin is highly susceptible to arbitrary file uploads, owing to a lack of file type validation in the temp_file_upload function. This vulnerability is present in all versions up to and including 2.2.1. It is of significant concern because it allows unauthenticated attackers to upload arbitrary files to the impacted site’s server, potentially enabling remote code execution.

Vulnerability Summary

CVE ID: CVE-2025-7340
Severity: Critical, CVSS score of 9.8
Attack Vector: Network
Privileges Required: None
User Interaction: None
Impact: Potential system compromise or data leakage

Affected Products

Product | Affected Versions

HT Contact Form Widget For Elementor Page Builder & Gutenberg Blocks & Form Builder | Up to and including 2.2.1

How the Exploit Works

The vulnerability stems from the absence of file type validation in the ‘temp_file_upload’ function of the affected WordPress plugin. This allows an attacker to upload arbitrary files to the server of the affected site. The lack of authentication requirement means that any attacker with access to the network can potentially exploit this vulnerability. Once the malicious file is uploaded, it could be executed remotely, leading to a potential system compromise or data leakage.

Conceptual Example Code

An example of how this vulnerability might be exploited is shown below. This is a conceptual HTTP request where an attacker uploads a malicious file.
```
POST /wp-content/plugins/ht-contactform/upload.php HTTP/1.1
Host: target.example.com
Content-Type: multipart/form-data; boundary=----WebKitFormBoundary7MA4YWxkTrZu0gW
----WebKitFormBoundary7MA4YWxkTrZu0gW
Content-Disposition: form-data; name="file"; filename="malicious.php"
Content-Type: application/php
<?php
// malicious code here
?>
----WebKitFormBoundary7MA4YWxkTrZu0gW
```
Mitigation

The recommended action to mitigate this vulnerability is to apply the patch provided by the vendor. If the patch cannot be applied immediately, using a Web Application Firewall (WAF) or Intrusion Detection System (IDS) can serve as temporary mitigation, by blocking or alerting on attempts to exploit this vulnerability. In addition, it is always recommended to regularly update and patch all software to ensure the highest level of security.
July 21, 2025
CVE-2025-5394: High Severity Arbitrary File Upload Vulnerability in Alone Charity WordPress Theme
Overview

In today’s digital landscape, the security of WordPress themes continues to be a significant concern for developers and site owners alike. One such vulnerability that has recently come to light is CVE-2025-5394, associated with the Alone – Charity Multipurpose Non-profit WordPress Theme. This specific vulnerability allows for arbitrary file uploads, which can lead to significant security issues, such as remote code execution.
This vulnerability affects all versions of the Alone – Charity Multipurpose Non-profit WordPress Theme up to, and including, 7.8.3. It’s of particular concern because it provides an open door for unauthenticated attackers to execute code remotely on affected systems, potentially leading to system compromises or data leaks.

Vulnerability Summary

CVE ID: CVE-2025-5394
Severity: Critical (CVSS 9.8)
Attack Vector: Network
Privileges Required: None
User Interaction: None
Impact: Potential system compromise or data leakage

Affected Products

Product | Affected Versions

Alone – Charity Multipurpose Non-profit WordPress Theme | Up to and including 7.8.3

How the Exploit Works

The vulnerability lies in the alone_import_pack_install_plugin() function in the WordPress theme. This function does not correctly check user capabilities, enabling an attacker to upload arbitrary files, such as a zip file containing a webshell, disguised as a plugin. Once uploaded, this gives the attacker the ability to execute code remotely, potentially compromising the system or leading to data leakage.

Conceptual Example Code

This is a conceptual example demonstrating how an attacker might exploit this vulnerability. The attacker could craft a malicious HTTP POST request, which uploads a zipped webshell disguised as a plugin:
```
POST /wp-content/themes/alone/functions.php?action=alone_import_pack_install_plugin HTTP/1.1
Host: target.example.com
Content-Type: multipart/form-data; boundary=----WebKitFormBoundary7MA4YWxkTrZu0gW
------WebKitFormBoundary7MA4YWxkTrZu0gW
Content-Disposition: form-data; name="file"; filename="malicious.zip"
Content-Type: application/zip
{...malicious zip file content...}
------WebKitFormBoundary7MA4YWxkTrZu0gW
```
Once the malicious file is uploaded, the attacker can then navigate to the file’s location to execute the webshell, gaining remote access to the system.

Mitigation Guidance

The most effective mitigation for this vulnerability is to apply the vendor-provided patch. If that’s not immediately possible, a Web Application Firewall (WAF) or Intrusion Detection System (IDS) can provide temporary mitigation. However, these are not long-term solutions and can only help to detect potential attacks, not prevent them. Therefore, it is strongly recommended to apply the patch as soon as possible to prevent potential system compromise or data leakage.
July 21, 2025
CVE-2025-53890: Critical JavaScript Evaluation Vulnerability in pyLoad’s CAPTCHA Processing Code
Overview

We are currently investigating a critical vulnerability, CVE-2025-53890, that resides within the CAPTCHA processing code of pyLoad, a popular open-source download manager written in Python. This vulnerability could potentially affect thousands of users who rely on pyLoad for managing their downloads. The severity of this issue is underlined by its CVSS Severity Score of 9.8, which signifies a critical impact. The flaw can allow unauthenticated remote attackers to execute arbitrary code, resulting in severe consequences such as session hijacking, credential theft, and even full system remote code execution.

Vulnerability Summary

CVE ID: CVE-2025-53890
Severity: Critical (9.8/10)
Attack Vector: Network
Privileges Required: None
User Interaction: None
Impact: Session hijacking, Credential theft, Full system remote code execution

Affected Products

Product | Affected Versions

pyLoad | Prior to 0.5.0b3.dev89

How the Exploit Works

The vulnerability lies in pyLoad’s CAPTCHA processing code. It is an unsafe JavaScript evaluation vulnerability, which means it allows the execution of arbitrary code in the client browser without any form of user interaction or authentication. This code execution can extend to the backend server and can be exploited by remote attackers. The vulnerability can lead to a full system compromise, allowing attackers to hijack sessions, steal credentials, and execute code remotely.

Conceptual Example Code

To illustrate how an attacker might exploit this vulnerability, consider the following hypothetical HTTP request:
```
POST /pyload/captcha/endpoint HTTP/1.1
Host: target.example.com
Content-Type: application/json
{ "captcha_solution": "eval('malicious_code')" }
```
In this example, the attacker is embedding malicious JavaScript code in the `captcha_solution` field. When this request is processed by the server, it evaluates the malicious JavaScript code leading to the potential compromise of the system.

Mitigation Guidance

Users are strongly urged to update their pyLoad software to version 0.5.0b3.dev89 or later where the patch for this issue has been included. If updating is not an immediate option, using a Web Application Firewall (WAF) or Intrusion Detection System (IDS) can offer temporary mitigation. However, these are temporary measures and updating the software is the most reliable way to ensure protection against this severe vulnerability.
July 21, 2025
CVE-2025-53836: Critical Vulnerability in XWiki Rendering System
Overview

This blog post examines the critical vulnerability, CVE-2025-53836, identified in XWiki Rendering, a generic system used for converting various syntaxes. This vulnerability poses a serious threat due to its severity and potential impact, which includes system compromise and data leakage. It affects XWiki versions starting from 4.2-milestone-1 and prior to versions 13.10.11, 14.4.7, and 14.10. As such, any organization or user employing these versions of XWiki is at risk and should take immediate actions to mitigate this vulnerability.

Vulnerability Summary

CVE ID: CVE-2025-53836
Severity: Critical (CVSS: 9.9)
Attack Vector: Network
Privileges Required: Low
User Interaction: Required
Impact: Potential system compromise or data leakage

Affected Products

Product | Affected Versions

XWiki | 4.2-milestone-1 to 13.10.10
XWiki | 4.2-milestone-1 to 14.4.6
XWiki | 4.2-milestone-1 to 14.9

How the Exploit Works

The vulnerability lies in the default macro content parser of XWiki Rendering system. When executing nested macros, it fails to preserve the restricted attribute of the transformation context. This lapse allows the execution of macros that are typically forbidden in restricted mode, including script macros. Particularly, the cache and chart macros that are bundled in XWiki can exploit this vulnerability. This flaw in the parser creates a potential pathway for unauthorized code execution, leading to system compromise or data leakage.

Conceptual Example Code

The following conceptual example provides an insight into how the vulnerability might be exploited. This could be a possible HTTP request exploiting the vulnerability:
```
POST /XWiki/RenderMacro HTTP/1.1
Host: target.example.com
Content-Type: application/x-www-form-urlencoded
macro_name=script&macro_content=<script>malicious_code_here</script>
```
In the above example, an attacker could potentially embed malicious code within the script macro, which gets executed due to the parser’s inability to enforce restrictions.

Mitigation Guidance

Users are urged to apply the patch provided by the vendor for XWiki versions 13.10.11, 14.4.7 and 14.10. As an interim mitigation measure, users could use a Web Application Firewall (WAF) or Intrusion Detection System (IDS) to monitor and block malicious traffic. Furthermore, to avoid the exploitation of this bug, it is recommended to disable comments for untrusted users until the system is upgraded to a patched version. It is important to note that users with edit rights will still be able to add comments via the object editor even if comments have been disabled.
July 21, 2025
CVE-2025-53833: Server-side Template Injection Vulnerability in LaRecipe Application
Overview

In this detailed analysis, we will be exploring the CVE-2025-53833 vulnerability, a critical flaw found in the LaRecipe application. LaRecipe, a popular tool for creating documentation with Markdown inside Laravel applications, is a critical component in many web-based platforms. This vulnerability affects all versions prior to 2.8.1 and could potentially lead to full system compromise if exploited, making it a significant concern for any organization utilizing this application.
The severity of this vulnerability underscores the importance of maintaining a robust cybersecurity posture to protect against potential exploits that could lead to data leakage or system compromise. In the following sections, we will delve deeper into the specifics of this vulnerability, its impact, and recommended mitigation strategies.

Vulnerability Summary

CVE ID: CVE-2025-53833
Severity: Critical (CVSS Score 10.0)
Attack Vector: Network
Privileges Required: None
User Interaction: None
Impact: Potential system compromise or data leakage

Affected Products

Product | Affected Versions

LaRecipe | Versions prior to 2.8.1

How the Exploit Works

The vulnerability arises from a Server-Side Template Injection (SSTI) flaw in the LaRecipe application. SSTI vulnerabilities occur when an attacker can inject data that is interpreted as template directives. In the case of CVE-2025-53833, this could potentially lead to Remote Code Execution (RCE), where attackers can execute arbitrary commands on the server.
Depending on the server configuration, an attacker exploiting this vulnerability could gain access to sensitive environment variables, execute arbitrary commands, or escalate their access rights, potentially leading to full system compromise.

Conceptual Example Code

This is a conceptual example of how the vulnerability might be exploited. Assume the malicious payload is crafted to exploit the SSTI flaw in the LaRecipe application.
```
POST /laravel-app/endpoint HTTP/1.1
Host: target.example.com
Content-Type: application/json
{ "template": "{{7*7}}" }
```
In this example, the attacker uses the template directive `{{7*7}}`, which is processed by the server as a template expression. If the server responds with `49`, it indicates that it has processed the expression server-side, thus confirming the presence of an SSTI vulnerability.

Mitigation Guidance

Users are strongly advised to upgrade to LaRecipe version v2.8.1 or later, which includes a patch for this vulnerability. As an interim mitigation strategy, users can also use a Web Application Firewall (WAF) or an Intrusion Detection System (IDS) to detect and prevent exploitation attempts. However, these are temporary measures and upgrading to the patched version is the recommended solution to fully mitigate the risk associated with CVE-2025-53833.
July 21, 2025
CVE-2025-49691: Heap-Based Buffer Overflow in Windows Media Leading to Potential System Compromise
Overview

In the rapidly evolving cyber landscape, a new vulnerability has emerged that threatens the security of Windows Media users. Identified as CVE-2025-49691, this vulnerability is a heap-based buffer overflow that could potentially allow unauthorized attackers to execute arbitrary code over an adjacent network. Given the widespread use of Windows Media, this vulnerability can impact a vast number of systems and networks globally, making it a significant concern for cybersecurity professionals and users alike.

Vulnerability Summary

CVE ID: CVE-2025-49691
Severity: High (CVSS Score: 8.0)
Attack Vector: Network
Privileges Required: None
User Interaction: None
Impact: System compromise, potential data leakage

Affected Products

Product | Affected Versions

Windows Media | All versions prior to the latest security patch

How the Exploit Works

The CVE-2025-49691 vulnerability exploits a heap-based buffer overflow in Windows Media. This means that an attacker can overflow the buffer with more data than it can handle, causing the excess data to overflow into adjacent memory spaces. In this case, an attacker can craft and send a structured payload that triggers the overflow, allowing them to execute arbitrary code over an adjacent network. This code execution can lead to unauthorized control of the system, potentially resulting in data theft or compromise.

Conceptual Example Code

Below is a conceptual example of how this vulnerability might be exploited. This pseudocode represents the potential malicious payload an attacker might use to trigger the buffer overflow.
```
# Pseudocode
def exploit(target):
buffer = 'A' * 5000  # Buffer overflow trigger
payload = {
'header': 'Windows Media Request',
'data': buffer
}
send_payload(target, payload)
```
This code is purely conceptual and is meant to illustrate the nature of the exploit. In reality, the payload would likely be much more complex and specifically crafted to exploit the particular implementation details of the vulnerable system.

Mitigation

The best mitigation against CVE-2025-49691 is to apply the vendor-provided patch, which addresses and corrects the heap-based buffer overflow. If the patch cannot be immediately applied, using a Web Application Firewall (WAF) or Intrusion Detection System (IDS) can provide temporary mitigation by detecting and blocking exploit attempts. For long-term protection, it is recommended to incorporate regular security patching into system maintenance protocols to prevent exploitation of this and similar vulnerabilities.
July 21, 2025