Author: Ameeba

Overview

The cybersecurity landscape is faced with a new threat, as identified by the vulnerability CVE-2025-20337. This vulnerability affects a specific API of both the Cisco Identity Services Engine (ISE) and the Cisco ISE Passive Identity Connector (ISE-PIC). The impact of this vulnerability is severe, as it grants an unauthenticated, remote attacker the ability to execute arbitrary code on the underlying operating system as root. This could potentially result in system compromise or data leakage, marking its critical significance in the cybersecurity arena.

Vulnerability Summary

CVE ID: CVE-2025-20337
Severity: Critical (CVSS 10.0)
Attack Vector: Network
Privileges Required: None
User Interaction: None
Impact: Execution of arbitrary code with root privileges, potential system compromise or data leakage

Affected Products

Product | Affected Versions

Cisco ISE | All versions before the security patch
Cisco ISE-PIC | All versions before the security patch

How the Exploit Works

The vulnerability results from insufficient validation of user-supplied inputs in a specific Cisco ISE and ISE-PIC API. An attacker could exploit this vulnerability by sending a specially crafted API request to the affected product. This malicious request, once processed by the vulnerable API, could allow the attacker to execute arbitrary code with root privileges on the underlying operating system.

Conceptual Example Code

Below is a conceptual HTTP request that an attacker might use to exploit this vulnerability:

POST /vulnerable/api/endpoint HTTP/1.1
Host: target.example.com
Content-Type: application/json
{ "malicious_payload": "arbitrary_code_to_be_executed_as_root" }

In this hypothetical example, an attacker sends a POST request to the vulnerable API endpoint with a JSON payload containing arbitrary code meant to be executed as root.

Mitigation Guidance

Users of the affected products are strongly advised to apply the vendor-supplied patch as soon as possible to mitigate the vulnerability. As a temporary measure, users can also utilize a Web Application Firewall (WAF) or Intrusion Detection System (IDS) to monitor and block potential exploit attempts. However, this should not replace the need for applying the official patch, as these measures may not provide complete protection against this vulnerability.

Overview

A critical security vulnerability, CVE-2025-52836, has been identified in the E-Commerce ERP system provided by Unity Business Technology Pty Ltd. This vulnerability affects all versions up to and including 2.1.1.3. The concern arises from an incorrect privilege assignment within the system that permits privilege escalation, a situation that poses an enormous security risk to all businesses utilizing this software. Given the severity of the vulnerability, immediate action is recommended to prevent potential system compromise or data leakage.

Vulnerability Summary

CVE ID: CVE-2025-52836
Severity: Critical (CVSS Score: 9.8)
Attack Vector: Network
Privileges Required: Low
User Interaction: None
Impact: Potential system compromise and data leakage

Affected Products

Product | Affected Versions

Unity Business Technology The E-Commerce ERP | All versions through 2.1.1.3

How the Exploit Works

The CVE-2025-52836 vulnerability originates from an incorrect privilege assignment within the E-Commerce ERP system. An attacker with low-level privileges can exploit this vulnerability to escalate their privileges within the system. This could allow unauthorized access to sensitive data, system controls, or even complete system takeover.

Conceptual Example Code

An attacker might exploit this vulnerability using a scripted HTTP request like this:

POST /escalate/privileges HTTP/1.1
Host: target.example.com
Content-Type: application/json
{ "user_id": "target_user", "new_privilege_level": "admin" }

This is a conceptual example and the actual exploit may vary based on the specific implementation of the ERP system.

Mitigation and Prevention Measures

To mitigate the risk of this vulnerability, it is recommended to apply the vendor patch as soon as possible. If the patch cannot be applied immediately, the use of a Web Application Firewall (WAF) or an Intrusion Detection System (IDS) can serve as a temporary mitigation measure. However, these are not long-term solutions and will not fully address the underlying vulnerability. Always ensure to keep your systems up-to-date with the latest patches and updates.

Overview

The cybersecurity world is currently dealing with a significant vulnerability – CVE-2025-30936, a severe SQL Injection vulnerability discovered in the Torod software from Torod Company for Information Technology. SQL Injection, a common yet lethal vulnerability, allows an attacker to manipulate SQL queries, which can lead to unauthorized access, data theft, and even system compromise.
The vulnerability affects all versions of Torod up to and including version 1.9. Given the high severity score of 9.3, this vulnerability deserves immediate attention from IT administrators and cybersecurity professionals. The potential risk includes system compromise and data leakage, making it a critical issue that can affect the confidentiality, integrity, and availability of the system.

Vulnerability Summary

CVE ID: CVE-2025-30936
Severity: Critical (CVSS: 9.3)
Attack Vector: Network
Privileges Required: None
User Interaction: None
Impact: System compromise and data leakage

Affected Products

Product | Affected Versions

Torod | Up to and including 1.9

How the Exploit Works

The SQL Injection vulnerability occurs when user-supplied data is not properly sanitized before being used in SQL queries. In the case of CVE-2025-30936, an attacker can exploit the vulnerability by sending crafted input to the affected software, which then improperly neutralizes special SQL elements before executing the SQL command.
As a result, the attacker can manipulate the SQL query to retrieve sensitive data, modify the database, execute administrative operations on the database, or even execute commands on the underlying system.

Conceptual Example Code

Here is a conceptual example of how an SQL Injection attack might be carried out against the affected software using an HTTP request:

POST /vulnerable/endpoint HTTP/1.1
Host: target.example.com
Content-Type: application/json
{ "user_input": "'; DROP TABLE users; --" }

In this example, the malicious payload `’; DROP TABLE users; –` is inserted into the `user_input` field. This payload ends the original SQL query prematurely and then executes a new query that deletes the `users` table from the database. The `–` at the end is a comment marker that comments out the rest of the original SQL query, if any.

Mitigation

Until a patch is released by the vendor, firewall rules or intrusion detection systems (IDS) can be used as a temporary mitigation strategy. These security controls can monitor and block suspicious SQL queries to prevent SQL Injection attacks.
Long-term, it is recommended that organizations apply the vendor’s patch as soon as it becomes available. In addition, organizations should also follow best practices for secure coding to prevent SQL Injection vulnerabilities, such as using parameterized queries or prepared statements, and performing proper input validation and sanitization.

Overview

We begin our discussion with an in-depth look at a high severity cybersecurity vulnerability, the CVE-2025-28982. This vulnerability is an SQL Injection flaw discovered in the ThimPress WP Pipes plugin, a popular tool used for data migration and manipulation in WordPress websites. The importance of this vulnerability cannot be overstated. Given the widespread usage of this plugin, a successful exploitation could potentially compromise a vast number of websites, leading to extensive data leakage or even system takeover.

Vulnerability Summary

CVE ID: CVE-2025-28982
Severity: High (CVSS Score: 9.3)
Attack Vector: Network
Privileges Required: None
User Interaction: None
Impact: System Compromise, Data Leakage

Affected Products

Product | Affected Versions

ThimPress WP Pipes | Up to 1.4.3

How the Exploit Works

The exploit takes advantage of an improper neutralization of special elements within an SQL command. This means that the software does not properly sanitize user-supplied input before using it in an SQL query. An attacker can inject malicious SQL commands, which are then executed by the database. This could lead to unauthorized viewing, modification, or deletion of data within the database. In certain scenarios, it could even lead to a full system compromise.

Conceptual Example Code

Below is a conceptual example of how this vulnerability might be exploited. This is a hypothetical HTTP POST request that an attacker could send to a vulnerable endpoint. The malicious SQL command is embedded within the request body.

POST /wp-pipes/endpoint HTTP/1.1
Host: target.example.com
Content-Type: application/json
{
"user_input": "' OR '1'='1'; DROP TABLE users; --"
}

In this example, the SQL command `DROP TABLE users;` would be executed if the application does not properly sanitize the user input. This would result in the deletion of the users table from the database.

Mitigation

To mitigate this vulnerability, it is advised to apply the patch provided by the vendor as soon as possible. For temporary mitigation, employing a Web Application Firewall (WAF) or Intrusion Detection System (IDS) can help detect and block SQL Injection attempts. However, these should not be considered as long-term solutions as they do not fix the underlying vulnerability.

Overview

In this write-up, we will analyze CVE-2025-28959, a severe SQL Injection vulnerability discovered in Md Yeasin Ul Haider URL Shortener that permits an attacker to potentially compromise a system or cause data leakage. SQL Injection vulnerabilities are an ever-present risk in web development, and this vulnerability, in particular, is of high importance due to its high CVSS Severity Score of 9.3. It affects all versions of URL Shortener from n/a through 3.0.7, making it a widespread concern that requires immediate attention and remediation.

Vulnerability Summary

CVE ID: CVE-2025-28959
Severity: Critical (CVSS 9.3)
Attack Vector: Network
Privileges Required: None
User Interaction: None
Impact: Potential system compromise and data leakage

Affected Products

Product | Affected Versions

Md Yeasin Ul Haider URL Shortener | n/a through 3.0.7

How the Exploit Works

The vulnerability arises from improper neutralization of special elements used in an SQL command (commonly known as SQL Injection) within Md Yeasin Ul Haider URL Shortener. An attacker can exploit this vulnerability by injecting malicious SQL statements into the application, which could then be executed by the SQL database. The successful execution of these SQL commands could lead to unauthorized read, modify, or delete operations on the database, potentially leading to system compromise or data leakage.

Conceptual Example Code

Here is a conceptual example of how the vulnerability might be exploited. This is a simple HTTP request where the attacker includes a malicious SQL statement in the payload.

POST /shorten URL HTTP/1.1
Host: target.example.com
Content-Type: application/x-www-form-urlencoded
url=www.safeurl.com'+UNION+SELECT+username,password+FROM+users+WHERE+'a'='a

In this example, the malicious SQL statement `UNION SELECT username,password FROM users WHERE ‘a’=’a` is appended to a legitimate URL. If this request is processed by the vulnerable URL Shortener, it could potentially return a list of usernames and passwords from the users’ table.

Recommended Mitigation

The primary mitigation for this vulnerability is to apply the vendor-supplied patch. If this is not immediately possible, using a Web Application Firewall (WAF) or an Intrusion Detection System (IDS) can provide temporary mitigation against potential attacks. Furthermore, it is always a good practice to implement proper input validation and parameterized queries to prevent SQL Injection vulnerabilities.

Overview

CVE-2025-24759 is a critical vulnerability that affects the WordPress Business Directory Plugins WP-BusinessDirectory. The vulnerability is due to the improper neutralization of special elements used in an SQL command, commonly known as ‘SQL Injection’. This vulnerability allows attackers to execute Blind SQL Injection attacks, which could potentially lead to system compromise or data leakage. Given the wide use of WordPress plugins, the vulnerability poses a significant risk to a large number of websites and businesses.

Vulnerability Summary

CVE ID: CVE-2025-24759
Severity: Critical (9.3 CVSS score)
Attack Vector: Network
Privileges Required: Low
User Interaction: None
Impact: System compromise and potential data leakage

Affected Products

Product | Affected Versions

WP-BusinessDirectory | n/a through 3.1.3

How the Exploit Works

The exploit takes advantage of the improper neutralization of certain special elements in SQL commands within the WP-BusinessDirectory plugin. This allows an attacker to manipulate SQL queries, leading to Blind SQL Injection. Blind SQL Injection is a type of SQL Injection attack that asks the database true or false questions and determines the answer based on the application’s response. This vulnerability can be exploited remotely by an attacker with low privileges, without any need for user interaction.

Conceptual Example Code

The following conceptual code demonstrates how the vulnerability might be exploited:

GET /wp-businessdirectory/api/query?param=value' OR '1'='1 HTTP/1.1
Host: vulnerablewebsite.com

In this example, the attacker modifies the `param` value in the URL to include an SQL Injection payload (`’ OR ‘1’=’1`). This payload changes the nature of the SQL query, potentially allowing the attacker to retrieve sensitive data from the database or manipulate its content.

Recommended Mitigations

The most effective mitigation for this vulnerability is to apply the patch provided by the vendor. If the patch cannot be applied immediately, using a Web Application Firewall (WAF) or Intrusion Detection System (IDS) can provide temporary mitigation. These systems can be configured to detect and block SQL Injection attempts, reducing the risk of exploitation.

Overview

The cybersecurity world is no stranger to vulnerabilities, and CVE-2025-54010 is the latest to cause concern. This severe Cross-Site Request Forgery (CSRF) vulnerability affects Shahjahan Jewel FluentSnippets – a widely used software component. The flaw can lead to system compromise or data leakage, illustrating its potential to cause significant harm.
This vulnerability is especially significant given the widespread adoption of FluentSnippets, which ranges from individual developers to large organizations. The exploitation of this vulnerability could lead to unauthorized actions being performed on the behalf of the victim, which makes it a critical issue that requires immediate attention.

Vulnerability Summary

CVE ID: CVE-2025-54010
Severity: Critical (CVSS: 9.6)
Attack Vector: Network
Privileges Required: None
User Interaction: Required
Impact: System compromise or data leakage

Affected Products

Product | Affected Versions

FluentSnippets | n/a to 10.50

How the Exploit Works

The exploit takes advantage of a CSRF vulnerability in FluentSnippets. CSRF is an attack that tricks the victim into submitting a malicious request. It exploits the trust that a site has for a user, allowing the attacker to carry out actions as the authenticated user. The attacker can manipulate the victim into performing actions they did not intend to, leading to potential system compromise or data leakage.

Conceptual Example Code

Here is a
conceptual
example of how the vulnerability might be exploited. This is a sample HTTP request that an attacker might use to carry out a CSRF attack:

POST /FluentSnippets/vulnerable/endpoint HTTP/1.1
Host: target.example.com
Content-Type: application/x-www-form-urlencoded
csrf_token=...&action=...&user_data="malicious_payload"

In this example, “csrf_token” is the CSRF token associated with the user’s session, “action” is the action the attacker wants to perform, and “user_data” is the malicious payload.

Mitigation and Prevention

The immediate mitigation for CVE-2025-54010 is to apply the vendor-supplied patch. If the patch cannot be applied immediately, using a Web Application Firewall (WAF) or Intrusion Detection System (IDS) can serve as a temporary mitigation measure. However, these are not long-term solutions and can only help to detect or block exploit attempts.
Additionally, it is recommended to perform regular vulnerability scans and penetration testing on all web applications and systems. This helps in early detection of such vulnerabilities and allows for immediate remediation. Cybersecurity should always be a priority, and proactive measures are the best defense against potential exploits.

Overview

CVE-2025-30973 is a critical vulnerability that affects the CoSchool Learning Management System (LMS) developed by Codexpert, Inc. This system is widely used in educational institutions around the globe to manage and deliver educational courses, making this vulnerability a significant threat to the data security of these institutions. The vulnerability pertains to the deserialization of untrusted data, potentially leading to object injection. This security flaw is substantial as it could lead to system compromise or data leakage if exploited by malicious actors.

Vulnerability Summary

CVE ID: CVE-2025-30973
Severity: Critical (9.8 CVSS Score)
Attack Vector: Network
Privileges Required: None
User Interaction: None
Impact: System compromise or data leakage

Affected Products

Product | Affected Versions

CoSchool LMS | Up to 1.4.3

How the Exploit Works

The CVE-2025-30973 exploit takes advantage of the deserialization of untrusted data in CoSchool LMS. Deserialization is the process of converting data from a flat format into an object. If the data is untrusted or manipulated by an attacker, this process can result in the injection of malicious objects into the system. In this case, the attacker could inject a malicious object that manipulates the system or accesses sensitive data, leading to system compromise or data leakage.

Conceptual Example Code

Here’s a conceptual example of a potentially malicious HTTP request exploiting this vulnerability:

POST /deserialize-object HTTP/1.1
Host: target.example.com
Content-Type: application/octet-stream
{ "serialized_object": "rO0ABXNyABdqYXZhLnV0aWwuSGFzaE1hcAUH2sHDFmDRAwACRgAKbG9hZEZhY3RvckkACXRocmVzaG9sZHhwP0AAAAAAAAx3CAAAABAAAAAAeHg=" }

In this example, the serialized_object field contains a Base64 encoded serialized object, which when deserialized could lead to object injection and potential system compromise.

Mitigation

The most effective way to mitigate this vulnerability is to apply the vendor patch as soon as it’s available. In the absence of a patch, a Web Application Firewall (WAF) or Intrusion Detection System (IDS) can be used as temporary mitigation. However, these should not be considered as permanent solutions, and the patch should be applied as soon as possible.

Overview

The CVE-2025-30949 identifies a critical vulnerability in the Guru Team Site Chat on Telegram. The vulnerability, known as Deserialization of Untrusted Data, opens up the possibility for malicious actors to inject harmful objects into the system. The flaw affects all versions of the application up to 1.0.4. Given the severity score of 9.8, this vulnerability presents a significant risk to any organization using the affected versions of the application, potentially leading to system compromise or data leakage.

Vulnerability Summary

CVE ID: CVE-2025-30949
Severity: Critical (CVSS score 9.8)
Attack Vector: Network
Privileges Required: None
User Interaction: None
Impact: System compromise and data leakage

Affected Products

Product | Affected Versions

Guru Team Site Chat on Telegram | All versions up to 1.0.4

How the Exploit Works

The vulnerability lies in the application’s handling of data deserialization. Specifically, the flaw allows an attacker to inject malicious serialized objects into the data stream being processed by the application. Once the application deserializes these objects, the malicious code contained within them can be executed, potentially compromising the system or leading to data leakage.

Conceptual Example Code

To demonstrate, consider this conceptual example of a JSON payload carrying the serialized malicious object. The attacker sends this payload to the application, which then deserializes the object and initiates the unintended actions:

POST /vulnerable/endpoint HTTP/1.1
Host: target.example.com
Content-Type: application/json
{ "serialized_object": "rO0ABXNyABdqYXZhLnV0aWwuSGFzaFNldLpEhZ5+3gIAAHhyAB1qYXZhLnV0aWwuQWJzdHJhY3RTZXRk5B0hM+z4+AAAABwAAAHhwdwQAAAAeAAAAAnNyABBqYXZhLmxhbmcuUnVudGltZQAAAAAAAAABAgAAeHA=" }

Note that the actual malicious payload would be more complex and tailored to the specific target.

Mitigation

Users are advised to apply the patch provided by the vendor as soon as possible. If the patch cannot be applied immediately, a Web Application Firewall (WAF) or Intrusion Detection System (IDS) can offer temporary mitigation by identifying and blocking attempts to exploit this vulnerability.

Overview

CVE-2025-28961 is a high severity vulnerability that pertains to ‘deserialization of untrusted data’ in the Md Yeasin Ul Haider URL Shortener. This flaw, affecting versions up to and including 3.0.7, creates a potential pathway for object injection attacks. Such attacks can lead to a system’s compromise or unintended data leakage, which can have severe consequences for the affected entities. It’s a critical issue because URL Shorteners are extensively used across the internet for sharing links in a more manageable format, making a large number of users susceptible to potential threats.

Vulnerability Summary

CVE ID: CVE-2025-28961
Severity: Critical (9.8/10)
Attack Vector: Network
Privileges Required: None
User Interaction: Required
Impact: System compromise or data leakage

Affected Products

Product | Affected Versions

Md Yeasin Ul Haider URL Shortener | Up to and including 3.0.7

How the Exploit Works

The exploit works through the deserialization of untrusted data. This means that an attacker sends serialized (or structured) data that is untrusted, and the vulnerable system deserializes (or processes) it.
In the case of the URL Shortener, an attacker could potentially inject malicious objects into the serialized data, which the system then processes. Once the system processes this untrusted data, it can lead to harmful actions such as remote code execution or data leakage.

Conceptual Example Code

Below is a conceptual example of how this vulnerability could be exploited. This example demonstrates a hypothetical HTTP request that an attacker might use to inject malicious objects into the system.

POST /shorten HTTP/1.1
Host: target.example.com
Content-Type: application/json
{ "long_url": "{serialized_malicious_object}" }

In the above example, the attacker replaces the expected long_url value with a serialized malicious object. If the system is vulnerable, it would deserialize this untrusted data and potentially execute the malicious code or leak data.

Mitigation

The recommended mitigation is to apply the vendor patch as soon as it is available. In the interim, using a Web Application Firewall (WAF) or Intrusion Detection System (IDS) can help in mitigating the vulnerability by detecting and blocking potential attacks. Regularly monitoring system logs and network traffic can also provide early detection of any abnormal activities.