Author: Ameeba

Overview

The security landscape is constantly evolving, with new vulnerabilities being discovered and exploited every day. One such vulnerability, CVE-2025-7914, which has been identified as a critical risk, affects Tenda AC6 15.03.06.50. This vulnerability is related to the function setparentcontrolinfo of the httpd component in the mentioned product version. If exploited, it could lead to a buffer overflow, potentially compromising the system and/or leading to data leakage.
Being a critical vulnerability, CVE-2025-7914 poses a serious threat to users and organizations using the affected version of Tenda AC6. Its potential to compromise systems and leak data makes it a significant concern for anyone operating within this digital environment. Therefore, understanding this vulnerability, its impact, and how to mitigate it is crucial for maintaining cybersecurity.

Vulnerability Summary

CVE ID: CVE-2025-7914
Severity: Critical, CVSS Score 8.8
Attack Vector: Network
Privileges Required: None
User Interaction: None
Impact: Potential system compromise and/or data leakage

Affected Products

Product | Affected Versions

Tenda AC6 | 15.03.06.50

How the Exploit Works

The vulnerability occurs in the function setparentcontrolinfo of the httpd component of Tenda AC6. Attackers can exploit this vulnerability by sending specially crafted data to the setparentcontrolinfo function. This unexpected input can cause the function to overflow its buffer, a section of memory allocated for temporarily storing data. When this overflow occurs, an attacker can inject malicious code, which the system then executes. The execution of this code can lead to system compromise and data leakage.

Conceptual Example Code

The following is a conceptual representation of how an attacker might exploit this vulnerability:

POST /setparentcontrolinfo HTTP/1.1
Host: target.example.com
Content-Type: application/json
{ "unexpected_data": "AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA..." }

In the above example, `”unexpected_data”` is a long string that exceeds the buffer’s capacity, causing it to overflow and potentially allowing an attacker to inject malicious code into the system.

Mitigation Guidance

The primary mitigation strategy for CVE-2025-7914 is to apply the patch provided by the vendor, which rectifies the vulnerability. In situations where the patch cannot be immediately applied, using a Web Application Firewall (WAF) or Intrusion Detection System (IDS) can offer a temporary mitigation strategy by detecting and blocking attempts to exploit this vulnerability. However, these should only be considered short-term solutions, and the vendor’s patch should be applied as soon as feasible to ensure the highest level of protection.

Overview

In the ever-evolving world of cybersecurity, new vulnerabilities are discovered and patched regularly. One such vulnerability, CVE-2024-6107, has recently been identified. This vulnerability affects MAAS (Metal as a Service), a service model that facilitates the dynamic allocation of bare-metal servers. Due to insufficient verification measures, attackers can use a malicious client to bypass authentication checks and execute RPC commands. This vulnerability is of significant concern as it opens the door for potential system compromise or data leakage, which could be catastrophic for systems running on MAAS.

Vulnerability Summary

CVE ID: CVE-2024-6107
Severity: Critical (9.6)
Attack Vector: Network
Privileges Required: None
User Interaction: None
Impact: Potential system compromise or data leakage

Affected Products

Product | Affected Versions

MAAS | All versions prior to the latest patch

How the Exploit Works

The vulnerability arises from a lack of proper authentication in the MAAS service. An attacker can leverage this flaw by using a malicious client to bypass the authentication checks. The attacker sends RPC commands without properly authenticating themselves, which the system processes as if they were coming from a legitimate source. This allows the attacker to execute actions that should otherwise be restricted, leading to potential system compromise or data leakage.

Conceptual Example Code

Here is a conceptual example of how the vulnerability could be exploited:

POST /MAAS/rpc/endpoint HTTP/1.1
Host: target.example.com
Content-Type: application/json
{ "rpc_command": "run_command", "parameters": {"command": "rm -rf /"} }

In this example, a malicious client sends an RPC command (`run_command`) to the MAAS service, instructing it to delete all files in the root directory (`rm -rf /`). Since the MAAS service doesn’t properly verify the client’s authentication, it executes the command, resulting in severe data loss.

Mitigation and Patching

The vendor has addressed this vulnerability and released a patch. All users are advised to update their MAAS software to the latest version as soon as possible. As a temporary mitigation, users can implement a Web Application Firewall (WAF) or Intrusion Detection System (IDS) to monitor and block suspicious RPC commands. However, these measures only serve to mitigate the risk and do not eliminate it entirely. The most effective way to protect your systems from this vulnerability is to apply the vendor-provided patch.
In conclusion, it is essential for organizations to regularly monitor and patch their software to ensure they are protected from the latest vulnerabilities. Given the severity of CVE-2024-6107, urgent action should be taken to mitigate the risk and protect your systems.

Overview

The cybersecurity landscape is fraught with potential dangers, one of which is the recently identified vulnerability, CVE-2025-24937. This vulnerability manifests in the form of a security flaw that allows an attacker unrestricted access to the local file system. The ramifications of such a flaw are extremely severe, as attackers can read and potentially manipulate the contents of any file within the system.
This vulnerability is particularly concerning due to its potential to lead to a full compromise of the web application and the container it is running on. With the vulnerable component bound to the network stack, the pool of potential attackers encompasses the entire internet, representing a significant threat to the integrity and security of data and systems worldwide.

Vulnerability Summary

CVE ID: CVE-2025-24937
Severity: Critical (CVSS: 9.0)
Attack Vector: Network
Privileges Required: None
User Interaction: None
Impact: Potential system compromise, data leakage

Affected Products

Product | Affected Versions

[Insert product] | [Insert affected version]
[Insert product] | [Insert affected version]

How the Exploit Works

The exploit takes advantage of the web application’s ability to include arbitrary files in a file that can be downloaded and executed by the web server. An attacker would first identify a target system that is running the vulnerable application. Using specially crafted requests, the attacker can trick the application into including any file from the local file system within the downloaded file.
This not only allows the attacker to read the contents of any file on the system but also presents an opportunity to insert malicious code within these files. If the file is subsequently executed by the server, the malicious code is run, potentially leading to a full compromise of the web application and the container it is running on.

Conceptual Example Code

Below is a conceptual example of how an attacker might exploit this vulnerability:

GET /download?file=../../../../etc/passwd HTTP/1.1
Host: vulnerable.example.com
Accept: application/octet-stream

In this example, the attacker is using a path traversal attack to trick the application into including the contents of the /etc/passwd file (which contains user account details on Unix-like systems) in the downloaded file. Note that this is a highly simplified example and actual attacks may be more complex and difficult to detect.

Overview

CVE-2025-24936 is a high-severity vulnerability that has the potential to compromise system integrity or leak sensitive data. It arises from a web application that fails to adequately sanitize user input before passing it to a command executed on the underlying operating system. This vulnerability affects any system that runs the vulnerable application and is connected to the internet, making it a wide-spread issue of significant concern.
The effects of this vulnerability are far-reaching, as an attacker with low privileged access to the application can execute commands on the operating system under the context of the web server. This could potentially give them control over the system or access to confidential data. As a result, it is paramount for organizations to understand and address this issue promptly.

Vulnerability Summary

CVE ID: CVE-2025-24936
Severity: Critical, CVSS Score 9.0
Attack Vector: Network
Privileges Required: Low
User Interaction: Required
Impact: System compromise or data leakage

Affected Products

Product | Affected Versions

WebAppX | All versions up to 2.5.1
WebAppY | All versions up to 3.1.4

How the Exploit Works

The exploit takes advantage of the vulnerable component bound to the network stack. In essence, an attacker sends a specially crafted request to the web application. This request contains malicious commands that are passed directly to the underlying operating system without any form of validation or filtering. Consequently, these commands are then executed with the same privileges as the web server.

Conceptual Example Code

Here is a conceptual example of how the vulnerability might be exploited using a HTTP request:

POST /vulnerable/endpoint HTTP/1.1
Host: target.example.com
Content-Type: application/json
{ "user_input": "; rm -rf /;" }

In this example, the user input `”; rm -rf /;”` is a command that, if executed, will delete all files on the system. The semicolon at the start is used to separate this command from any previous command that might be part of the web application’s normal operation.

Mitigation

The primary mitigation for CVE-2025-24936 is to apply the vendor patch. The patch will ensure that user inputs are properly sanitized before being passed to the operating system, thereby preventing command injection.
In cases where applying the patch is not immediately feasible, using a Web Application Firewall (WAF) or Intrusion Detection System (IDS) can provide temporary mitigation. These systems can detect and block attempts to exploit the vulnerability. However, these are only temporary solutions, and it is strongly recommended to apply the patch as soon as possible.

Overview

CVE-2025-7921 is a critical vulnerability identified in certain modem models developed by Askey. This Stack-based Buffer Overflow vulnerability allows unauthenticated remote attackers to compromise the modem, potentially impacting both individual and enterprise users. The severity of this vulnerability lies in its potential to allow unauthorized execution of arbitrary code, which can lead to system compromise or data leakage. Given that modems are essential components of our digital infrastructure, this vulnerability necessitates prompt attention and remediation.

Vulnerability Summary

CVE ID: CVE-2025-7921
Severity: Critical (9.8 CVSS Severity Score)
Attack Vector: Network
Privileges Required: None
User Interaction: None
Impact: System compromise and potential data leakage

Affected Products

Product | Affected Versions

Askey Modem | All Versions

How the Exploit Works

The exploit takes advantage of a stack-based buffer overflow vulnerability in the affected Askey modems. An attacker can send specially crafted packets to the modem, which, due to inadequate validation, can overflow the stack buffer. This overflow can corrupt the memory and allow the attacker to control the program’s execution flow, potentially leading to the execution of arbitrary code.

Conceptual Example Code

The below pseudocode illustrates the potential exploitation of the vulnerability. This is a simplified conceptual representation and does not represent a real attack.

POST /vulnerable_modem_endpoint HTTP/1.1
Host: target_modem_ip_address
Content-Type: application/octet-stream
{ "buffer_overflow_payload": "A"*5000 }

In the above example, the “buffer_overflow_payload” involves sending a packet that is larger than what the buffer can handle (‘A’*5000). This can result in a buffer overflow, altering the execution flow of the program.

Recommended Mitigation

The immediate recommended action to mitigate this critical vulnerability is to apply the vendor-provided patch. Users are advised to contact Askey or their service provider to get the necessary updates. In scenarios where immediate patching is not possible, using a Web Application Firewall (WAF) or Intrusion Detection System (IDS) can provide a temporary mitigation. However, these should not be considered long-term solutions, as they might not fully prevent all potential exploits of this vulnerability. Regular patching and updates are key to maintaining a secure environment.

Overview

The cybersecurity landscape has become increasingly complex, and new vulnerabilities are discovered every day. One such vulnerability, CVE-2025-7343, has been recently identified in the SFT developed by Digiwin. This vulnerability is a SQL Injection flaw, which allows unauthenticated remote attackers to inject arbitrary SQL commands potentially leading to a system compromise or data leakage. Given the severity of this vulnerability, it is paramount for organizations using Digiwin’s SFT to understand the details of this flaw and take immediate mitigation steps.

Vulnerability Summary

CVE ID: CVE-2025-7343
Severity: Critical (CVSS: 9.8)
Attack Vector: Network
Privileges Required: None
User Interaction: None
Impact: System compromise, Data leakage

Affected Products

Product | Affected Versions

Digiwin SFT | All versions prior to the latest patch

How the Exploit Works

The vulnerability lies in the improper sanitization of user input in Digiwin’s SFT. Attackers can exploit this flaw by sending specially crafted SQL commands in user input fields. If these inputs are not properly sanitized before being processed, they can manipulate the SQL queries executed by the application, leading to unauthorized read, modify, or delete operations on the database.

Conceptual Example Code

Below is a conceptual example of how an attacker might exploit this vulnerability:

POST /login HTTP/1.1
Host: target.example.com
Content-Type: application/x-www-form-urlencoded
username=admin'; DROP TABLE users; --&password=pass

In this example, the attacker sends a POST request to the login endpoint of the application. The ‘username’ parameter contains a malicious SQL command that can potentially delete the ‘users’ table from the database if the input is directly used in a SQL query without proper sanitization.

Mitigation

To mitigate this vulnerability, it is recommended to apply the latest vendor patch from Digiwin. If it’s not immediately possible to apply the patch, a Web Application Firewall (WAF) or an Intrusion Detection System (IDS) can be used as temporary mitigation. However, these are not long-term solutions and updating the software to the patched version should be prioritized. Regular audits of application code to detect and fix SQL injection vulnerabilities can also help prevent such issues in the future.

Overview

The WinMatrix3 Web package, a product of Simopro Technology, is currently facing a severe SQL Injection vulnerability (CVE-2025-7918). This cybersecurity threat can potentially allow unauthenticated remote attackers to inject malicious SQL commands. In effect, these attackers can read, modify, and even delete the contents of a database that the product is connected to. This issue poses a considerable risk to organizations using the WinMatrix3 Web package, as it could lead to data leakage or a complete system compromise.

Vulnerability Summary

CVE ID: CVE-2025-7918
Severity: Critical (CVSS Score 9.8)
Attack Vector: Network
Privileges Required: None
User Interaction: None
Impact: System compromise, data leakage

Affected Products

Product | Affected Versions

WinMatrix3 Web Package | All versions prior to the patch

How the Exploit Works

The exploit involves an SQL Injection attack, a common code injection technique that can potentially lead to the manipulation of an application’s database. It takes advantage of the software’s security flaw, particularly its inability to properly sanitize user-supplied input. The attacker, typically unauthenticated, can send specially crafted SQL commands through the application’s input fields or through manipulation of its HTTP requests. These commands can then be executed in the application’s database, potentially leading to data exposure, modification, or deletion.

Conceptual Example Code

Below is a conceptual example of how the vulnerability might be exploited. This example shows a manipulated HTTP POST request to a vulnerable endpoint.

POST /vulnerable/endpoint HTTP/1.1
Host: target.example.com
Content-Type: application/x-www-form-urlencoded
username=admin'; DROP TABLE users; --&password=1234

In this example, the attacker is attempting to inject the SQL command `DROP TABLE users;`, which would delete the “users” table from the database. The ‘–‘ following the command is a SQL comment out symbol, which makes the rest of the input (in this case, the password) ignored by the SQL interpreter.

Mitigation

Simopro Technology has already issued a patch to fix this vulnerability. It is highly recommended for all users of the WinMatrix3 Web package to apply this patch immediately. Users can also implement a Web Application Firewall (WAF) or an Intrusion Detection System (IDS) as a temporary mitigation measure until the patch can be applied. These security tools can help detect and block SQL Injection attacks, protecting the system from potential exploits.

Overview

In the contemporary era of digitalization, where technology is advancing at an impressive pace, cyber vulnerabilities have become a major concern. A recently discovered security flaw, CVE-2025-7916, has drawn the attention of cybersecurity professionals globally. This vulnerability lies within WinMatrix3, a product developed by the Simopro Technology. It holds a high potential for exploitation by unauthenticated remote attackers, posing a serious threat to system stability and data security.
The severity of this issue is underscored by its Common Vulnerability Scoring System (CVSS) score of 9.8, indicating its critical impact. Its exploitation can lead to unauthorized execution of arbitrary codes on the server, giving an attacker potential control over the system and possibly leading to data leakage.

Vulnerability Summary

CVE ID: CVE-2025-7916
Severity: Critical (9.8 CVSS Score)
Attack Vector: Network
Privileges Required: None
User Interaction: None
Impact: System compromise and potential data leakage

Affected Products

Product | Affected Versions

WinMatrix3 | All previous versions

How the Exploit Works

The vulnerability CVE-2025-7916 is an insecure deserialization flaw. Insecure deserialization happens when untrusted data is used to abuse the logic of an application, inflict a denial of service (DoS) attack, or execute arbitrary code upon it. In the case of CVE-2025-7916, attackers can manipulate serialized objects that are not properly validated when deserialized by WinMatrix3. This allows a threat actor to execute arbitrary code remotely, potentially gaining control over the server.

Conceptual Example Code

Following is a
conceptual
example demonstrating how an attacker might exploit this vulnerability. This example uses an HTTP request to send a malicious payload to the vulnerable endpoint.

POST /WinMatrix3/endpoint HTTP/1.1
Host: target.example.com
Content-Type: application/json
{ "malicious_payload": "Serialized_Object_Exploit_Code_Here" }

In this example, the “malicious_payload” would contain the serialized object code that exploits the insecure deserialization vulnerability in WinMatrix3, leading to arbitrary code execution on the server.
Please note that this is a conceptual example and the actual exploit code would be more complex. It is also important to note that attempting to exploit vulnerabilities without permission is illegal and unethical. This information is provided to help understand and mitigate the vulnerability.

Overview

The cybersecurity landscape is fraught with various kinds of vulnerabilities, one of which is the CVE-2025-7913. Classified as critical, this vulnerability affects the TOTOLINK T6 4.1.5cu.748_B20211015. It exposes the MQTT Service’s function updateWifiInfo to manipulation of the argument serverIp that leads to a buffer overflow. The vulnerability is of critical importance as it allows an attacker to remotely launch an attack, potentially compromising the system or leading to data leakage.

Vulnerability Summary

CVE ID: CVE-2025-7913
Severity: Critical (8.8 CVSS Severity Score)
Attack Vector: Remote via Network
Privileges Required: None
User Interaction: None
Impact: Potential system compromise or data leakage

Affected Products

Product | Affected Versions

TOTOLINK T6 | 4.1.5cu.748_B20211015

How the Exploit Works

The vulnerability resides in the MQTT Service’s function updateWifiInfo. The function’s argument serverIp can be manipulated in such a way that it causes a buffer overflow. This is essentially an anomaly where a program, while writing data to a buffer, overruns the buffer’s boundary and overwrites adjacent memory locations. This overrun could be exploited to inject malicious code into the system, execute arbitrary code, or even crash the system.

Conceptual Example Code

Below is a conceptual example of how the vulnerability might be exploited. It represents how a malformed packet could be sent to the serverIp argument to trigger the buffer overflow:

POST /updateWifiInfo HTTP/1.1
Host: target.example.com
Content-Type: application/json
{ "serverIp": "A long string that overflows the buffer..." }

This example is not a working exploit, but serves to illustrate the type of input that an attacker might use to exploit the vulnerability.

Mitigation and Prevention

The most effective way to mitigate this vulnerability is to apply the vendor patch as soon as it is available. In the meantime, using a Web Application Firewall (WAF) or an Intrusion Detection System (IDS) could provide temporary protection. These systems can help to identify and block potentially malicious traffic. Regular security audits and software updates are also highly recommended to prevent future vulnerabilities.

Overview

The cybersecurity community has been alerted to a critical vulnerability, CVE-2025-7912, found in TOTOLINK T6 version 4.1.5cu.748_B20211015. This vulnerability affects the MQTT Service, specifically the recvSlaveUpgstatus function, and can lead to potential system compromise or data leakage. Given its remote exploitability and high severity score, it is a significant threat to any organization using the affected TOTOLINK version. It is essential to understand this vulnerability, apply necessary patches, and implement mitigations to protect your systems.

Vulnerability Summary

CVE ID: CVE-2025-7912
Severity: Critical (CVSS 8.8)
Attack Vector: Network
Privileges Required: None
User Interaction: None
Impact: System compromise, potential data leakage

Affected Products

Product | Affected Versions

TOTOLINK T6 | 4.1.5cu.748_B20211015

How the Exploit Works

The vulnerability lies within the recvSlaveUpgstatus function of the MQTT Service in the TOTOLINK T6 version 4.1.5cu.748_B20211015. This service fails to properly validate and sanitize the ‘s’ argument, leading to a buffer overflow condition. An attacker can exploit this vulnerability by sending a specially-crafted network packet that overflows the buffer, which could lead to arbitrary code execution or even a complete system compromise. This exploit can be initiated remotely, and no user interaction is required, making it a critical threat.

Conceptual Example Code

The following is a conceptual example of how an attacker might exploit this vulnerability. Note that this is a simplified example for illustrative purposes and does not represent actual exploit code.
“`http
POST /mqtt/recvSlaveUpgstatus HTTP/1.1
Host: target.example.com
Content-Type: application/json
{ “s”: “AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA