Author: Ameeba

Overview

The Biosig Project’s libbiosig 3.9.0 and Master Branch (35a819fa) are plagued by a critical vulnerability, specifically a stack-based buffer overflow that can be exploited via a specially crafted MFER file. This vulnerability has far-reaching implications, affecting any system utilizing this widely-used library for biosignal processing. It’s crucial for system administrators and developers to understand the gravity of this vulnerability, as successful exploitation could lead to arbitrary code execution, potential system compromise or data leakage.

Vulnerability Summary

CVE ID: CVE-2025-54484
Severity: Critical (CVSS: 9.8)
Attack Vector: Network
Privileges Required: None
User Interaction: Required
Impact: Arbitrary code execution, potential system compromise, and data leakage.

Affected Products

Product | Affected Versions

Biosig Project libbiosig | 3.9.0 and Master Branch (35a819fa)

How the Exploit Works

The stack-based buffer overflow vulnerability exists in the MFER parsing functionality of the Biosig Project’s libbiosig library. The vulnerability manifests when the Tag is 6, as described in line 8779 of biosig.c on the current master branch (35a819fa). An attacker can exploit this vulnerability by providing a specially crafted MFER file that triggers this overflow, leading to arbitrary code execution.

Conceptual Example Code

This is a conceptual representation of how the vulnerability might be exploited.

#include <stdio.h>
#include <stdlib.h>
int main() {
FILE *file;
char buf[4];
int len = 5;
// Open file in write mode.
file = fopen("malicious.MFER", "w");
// Write to file.
fwrite(buf, 1, len, file);
// Close file.
fclose(file);
return 0;
}

In this example, a file named “malicious.MFER” is created with a buffer size of 4 but a length of 5. When this file is processed by the vulnerable function, it will trigger a buffer overflow due to the mismatch between buffer size and length.

Recommendation

It is highly recommended to apply the vendor patch as soon as it becomes available. Until then, using a Web Application Firewall (WAF) or Intrusion Detection System (IDS) can serve as a temporary measure to mitigate the risk of exploitation. It is also crucial to monitor system logs for any suspicious activities that may indicate an attempt to exploit this vulnerability.

Overview

CVE-2025-54483 is a severe cybersecurity vulnerability that affects The Biosig Project libbiosig version 3.9.0 and the Master Branch (35a819fa). The vulnerability lies in the MFER parsing functionality, more specifically, a stack-based buffer overflow vulnerability exists that can lead to arbitrary code execution. Given the ubiquity of this software in the field of biomedical signal processing, this vulnerability could potentially compromise a large number of systems, leading to data leakage and unauthorized system access.
This vulnerability is of particular concern due to its severity score of 9.8 out of 10 on the CVSS scale, implying that it is extremely dangerous. Exploitation of this vulnerability could lead to the execution of malicious code, potentially compromising the integrity, confidentiality, and availability of affected systems.

Vulnerability Summary

CVE ID: CVE-2025-54483
Severity: Critical (9.8 CVSS Score)
Attack Vector: Network
Privileges Required: None
User Interaction: None
Impact: System compromise and potential data leakage

Affected Products

Product | Affected Versions

The Biosig Project libbiosig | 3.9.0
The Biosig Project Master Branch | 35a819fa

How the Exploit Works

The vulnerability arises due to insufficient bounds checking when parsing MFER files. When the tag of the parsed file is ‘5’, signifying the number of channels, a malicious actor could craft an MFER file with a length greater than 4. This triggers a buffer overflow, allowing the attacker to overwrite the stack with arbitrary code. This code could then be executed, potentially allowing the attacker to take control of the system or exfiltrate sensitive data.

Conceptual Example Code

While the exact method of exploitation would depend on the specifics of the attacker’s environment and the targeted system, a conceptual example might look something like this:

#include <stdio.h>
#include <string.h>
void malicious_func() {
// Malicious code here
printf("System Compromised!\n");
}
void vulnerable_func(char *input) {
char buffer[4];
strcpy(buffer, input);  // No bounds checking
}
int main(int argc, char **argv) {
char exploit[8];
// Fill exploit with address of malicious_func
for (int i=0; i<8; i++)
exploit[i] = (char)((int)(&malicious_func) >> (i*8));
vulnerable_func(exploit);
return 0;
}

In this example, if the crafted MFER file is provided as input, the `vulnerable_func` function would overflow its buffer and overwrite the return address with the address of `malicious_func`, resulting in the execution of the malicious function.

Overview

A critical vulnerability has been discovered in the Biosig Project libbiosig software, specific to its MFER parsing functionality. This vulnerability, tagged as CVE-2025-54482, exposes systems to potential compromise and data leakage. By exploiting this flaw, an attacker can execute arbitrary code, thereby gaining unauthorized access to sensitive data or control over the system. This vulnerability is particularly noteworthy due to its high severity score, and the widespread use of the Biosig Project libbiosig in various sectors.

Vulnerability Summary

CVE ID: CVE-2025-54482
Severity: Critical (CVSS: 9.8)
Attack Vector: Specially crafted MFER file
Privileges Required: None
User Interaction: Required (An attacker needs to provide a malicious file to trigger this vulnerability)
Impact: Potential system compromise or data leakage

Affected Products

Product | Affected Versions

The Biosig Project libbiosig | 3.9.0 and Master Branch (35a819fa)

How the Exploit Works

The vulnerability manifests due to a stack-based buffer overflow in the MFER parsing functionality of the Biosig Project libbiosig. If an attacker crafts a specific MFER file that exploits this flaw, they can execute arbitrary code. This happens on line 8751 of biosig.c on the current master branch (35a819fa), when the Tag is 4.

Conceptual Example Code

Here’s a simplified conceptual example of how the exploit might work:

// Attacker creates a malicious MFER file
void maliciousMFERfile() {
char buf[4];
FILE *hdr;
// Set the Tag to 4
int tag = 4;
// Set the length greater than 4 to trigger the buffer overflow
int len = 5;
if (tag == 4) {
if (len > 4) {
fprintf(stderr, "Warning MFER tag4 incorrect length %i>4\n", len);
curPos += ifread(buf, 1, len, hdr);
}
}
}

This piece of code could generate a malicious MFER file that, when parsed by the vulnerable Biosig Project libbiosig functionality, would trigger the buffer overflow and lead to arbitrary code execution.

Mitigation Guidance

To mitigate this vulnerability, users are strongly advised to apply the vendor patch as soon as it is available. As a temporary measure, users can employ a Web Application Firewall (WAF) or Intrusion Detection System (IDS) to detect and block attempts to exploit this vulnerability. Regular monitoring of system logs, and isolation of affected systems can also help in limiting the potential damage.

Overview

As cybersecurity threats continue to evolve, a new critical vulnerability has been discovered in the software library of The Biosig Project libbiosig version 3.9.0. This vulnerability, designated as CVE-2025-54480, can potentially lead to arbitrary code execution and system compromise, hence posing significant risks to the integrity, confidentiality, and availability of data and systems. This vulnerability matters because if left unpatched, it could allow malicious actors to execute arbitrary code with the potential to compromise systems or leak sensitive data.

Vulnerability Summary

CVE ID: CVE-2025-54480
Severity: Critical (9.8)
Attack Vector: Network
Privileges Required: Low
User Interaction: None
Impact: Arbitrary code execution, potential system compromise, and data leakage

Affected Products

Product | Affected Versions

The Biosig Project libbiosig | 3.9.0 and Master Branch (35a819fa)

How the Exploit Works

The vulnerability stems from a stack-based buffer overflow in the MFER parsing functionality within The Biosig Project libbiosig 3.9.0. When a specially crafted MFER file is provided, the code execution is triggered. This vulnerability is manifested when the Tag is 0 on line 8719 of biosig.c in the current master branch (35a819fa). This allows an attacker to execute arbitrary code and potentially compromise the system.

Conceptual Example Code

This could be a conceptual example of how the vulnerability might be exploited. This is not an actual exploit code but a representation of how a malicious file could be used to trigger the vulnerability.

# Python pseudocode to demonstrate the exploitation
# Import required libraries
import socket, struct
# Create socket
s = socket.socket(socket.AF_INET, socket.SOCK_STREAM)
# Connect to vulnerable system
s.connect(('target.example.com', 80))
# Craft MFER file with malicious payload
payload = struct.pack("I", 0x35a819fa) * (8719 / 4) # Overflow the buffer
# Send malicious MFER file
s.send(payload)

Please note that this is a hypothetical example and not an actual exploit code. It is shared for educational purposes only to understand the nature of the vulnerability.

Mitigation Guidance

To mitigate this vulnerability, users are advised to apply vendor patches as soon as they become available. In the absence of a patch, the use of Web Application Firewalls (WAFs) or Intrusion Detection Systems (IDS) can offer temporary mitigation. However, these measures are not foolproof and can only reduce the risk of exploitation, not eliminate it. Consequently, vigilance in monitoring system logs and network traffic is also recommended.

Overview

In this comprehensive review, we delve into CVE-2025-54462, a severe cybersecurity vulnerability that has been identified in the Nex parsing functionality of The Biosig Project libbiosig 3.9.0 and Master Branch. This vulnerability, classified as a heap-based buffer overflow, is particularly significant due to its potential to allow an attacker to execute arbitrary code, leading to a potential system compromise or data leakage. As such, this vulnerability presents a substantial threat to any organizations or individuals using the affected versions of the Biosig Project.

Vulnerability Summary

CVE ID: CVE-2025-54462
Severity: Critical (CVSS score 9.8)
Attack Vector: Remote
Privileges Required: None
User Interaction: Required
Impact: Successful exploitation could lead to arbitrary code execution, potential system compromise, and data leakage.

Affected Products

Product | Affected Versions

Biosig Project libbiosig | 3.9.0 and Master Branch (35a819fa)

How the Exploit Works

A heap-based buffer overflow vulnerability occurs when a program writes more data to a buffer located on the heap than what’s allocated for it. This overflow can corrupt data, crash the program, or lead to the execution of malicious code. In the case of CVE-2025-54462, a specially crafted .nex file can trigger this vulnerability, allowing an attacker to execute arbitrary code.

Conceptual Example Code

Consider the following hypothetical scenario. An attacker crafts a malicious .nex file designed to overflow the buffer in the affected Biosig Project software. The attacker then sends this file to the target system, either through an email attachment or other delivery methods. Once the target opens this file with the vulnerable software, the overflow is triggered, potentially leading to arbitrary code execution, as demonstrated in the pseudo-code below:

# pseudo-code for the malicious .nex file
buffer = 'A' * 1024  # creates a buffer with size greater than what's allocated
file = open('malicious.nex', 'w')  # opens a new .nex file
file.write(buffer)  # writes the buffer to the .nex file
file.close()  # closes the file

Note: This is a simplified representation of how the exploit might work. The actual exploit would likely involve more complex code and interactions with the Biosig Project software.
This vulnerability highlights the importance of proper input validation and buffer management in software development. As a preventive measure, organizations are encouraged to apply the vendor patch or use WAF/IDS as a temporary mitigation.

Overview

The Biosig Project libbiosig, a popular biosignal processing library, has been discovered to contain a severe heap-based buffer overflow vulnerability. This vulnerability, allocated the identifier CVE-2025-53853, affects version 3.9.0 and the Master Branch (35a819fa) of libbiosig. The exploitation of this vulnerability could lead to arbitrary code execution, potentially compromising the entire system or leading to data leakage. This vulnerability is of significant importance due to its high severity and the widespread use of the Biosig Project’s libbiosig in the healthcare industry.

Vulnerability Summary

CVE ID: CVE-2025-53853
Severity: Critical (CVSS 9.8)
Attack Vector: File
Privileges Required: None
User Interaction: Required
Impact: System compromise and potential data leakage

Affected Products

Product | Affected Versions

Biosig Project libbiosig | 3.9.0, Master Branch (35a819fa)

How the Exploit Works

The vulnerability resides in the ISHNE parsing functionality of libbiosig. An attacker can exploit this vulnerability by crafting a malicious ISHNE ECG annotations file. When this file is processed by the vulnerable software, it triggers a buffer overflow. This overflow occurs because the software fails to properly validate the size of the input data before copying it to a fixed-size buffer. This can lead to overwriting of adjacent memory spaces, allowing the attacker to execute arbitrary code.

Conceptual Example Code

Given that the vulnerability occurs during the parsing of an ISHNE ECG annotations file, the exploit would likely involve the creation of such a file with specially designed data to trigger the overflow. A conceptual example might look like this:

#include <stdio.h>
#include <string.h>
int main(void) {
char buffer[512];
FILE *fp;
memset(buffer, 'A', sizeof(buffer)-1); // Fill the buffer with 'A's
buffer[sizeof(buffer)-1] = '\0'; // Null terminate the string
fp = fopen("malicious.ishne", "w");
fwrite(buffer, sizeof(char), sizeof(buffer), fp); // Write the buffer to the file
fclose(fp);
return 0;
}

This conceptual example creates a malicious ISHNE ECG annotations file that contains a string of ‘A’s longer than the buffer size. When the file is processed by the vulnerable software, it would trigger the buffer overflow.

Recommended Mitigation

Users are advised to apply the vendor patch immediately if available. If the patch is not available or if immediate patching is not feasible, users should consider using a Web Application Firewall (WAF) or Intrusion Detection System (IDS) as a temporary mitigation measure to detect and block attempts to exploit this vulnerability.

Overview

CVE-2025-53518 is a critical vulnerability found in The Biosig Project libbiosig 3.9.0 and Master Branch (35a819fa). This vulnerability allows an attacker to execute arbitrary code, potentially resulting in a full system compromise or data leakage. It is particularly concerning due to its high CVSS severity score of 9.8, indicating its severe impact and the ease of exploit. Given the widespread use of libbiosig in bioinformatics and related fields, anyone using the affected versions of the software could be a potential victim. This necessitates an immediate response from both users and system administrators to apply mitigations and patches.

Vulnerability Summary

CVE ID: CVE-2025-53518
Severity: Critical (CVSS: 9.8)
Attack Vector: Malicious ABF file
Privileges Required: None
User Interaction: Required (User must open the malicious file)
Impact: Arbitrary code execution, potential system compromise, or data leakage

Affected Products

Product | Affected Versions

The Biosig Project libbiosig | 3.9.0, Master Branch (35a819fa)

How the Exploit Works

The exploit works by taking advantage of an integer overflow vulnerability in the ABF parsing functionality of the affected versions of libbiosig. An attacker crafts a malicious ABF file that, when processed by the application, triggers the integer overflow. This overflow can lead to a buffer overflow, where the excess data can overwrite other data structures in memory. An attacker can use this to inject and execute arbitrary code.

Conceptual Example Code

This is a conceptual example of how an attacker might craft a malicious ABF file to exploit the vulnerability. The attacker crafts an ABF file with a specially designed header that causes an integer overflow when parsed, potentially leading to a buffer overflow.

// Malicious ABF file crafted to cause an integer overflow
struct ABFFileHeader {
int fileVersion; // Set to a large integer to cause overflow
// ...
};

After crafting the malicious file, the attacker then sends it to the victim. If the victim opens the file using the affected version of libbiosig, the integer overflow vulnerability is triggered, leading to arbitrary code execution.
Please note that this is a conceptual example and the actual implementation of the exploit might be more complex and would require deep knowledge of the libbiosig’s code base and ABF file format. The purpose of this example is to illustrate the nature of the vulnerability, not to provide a practical guide for exploitation.

Overview

A critical vulnerability, CVE-2025-53511, has been identified in The Biosig Project libbiosig 3.9.0 and Master Branch (35a819fa). This vulnerability poses a significant threat to any system utilizing the affected software, as it can lead to arbitrary code execution, potentially compromising the entire system or resulting in data leakage. Organizations and individuals that utilize The Biosig Project libbiosig are strongly advised to understand the implications of this vulnerability, apply the necessary mitigations, and monitor their systems for any suspicious activity.

Vulnerability Summary

CVE ID: CVE-2025-53511
Severity: Critical (9.8 / 10)
Attack Vector: Local
Privileges Required: None
User Interaction: Required
Impact: System compromise and potential data leakage

Affected Products

Product | Affected Versions

The Biosig Project libbiosig | 3.9.0, Master Branch (35a819fa)

How the Exploit Works

The CVE-2025-53511 vulnerability lies in the MFER parsing functionality of The Biosig Project libbiosig. A heap-based buffer overflow condition occurs when the software writes more data to a buffer located in the heap than it can hold. This can cause the overflow of adjacent memory spaces, corrupting valid data or leading to execution of arbitrary code. An attacker can exploit this vulnerability by providing a specially crafted MFER file that takes advantage of the buffer overflow to inject malicious code.

Conceptual Example Code

Below is a conceptual example of how the vulnerability might be exploited. The attacker creates a malicious MFER file with an oversized payload that overflows the buffer.

MFER File
---------
HEADER
DATA: [oversized data payload]

The attacker then sends this file to the target system, tricking the user into opening it with libbiosig. On opening, the buffer overflow occurs, allowing the attacker’s code to be executed.

Mitigation

The most effective way to counter this vulnerability is by applying the vendor-supplied patch. If a patch is not immediately available or cannot be applied right away, using a Web Application Firewall (WAF) or Intrusion Detection System (IDS) can provide temporary mitigation, blocking or alerting on any attempts to exploit this vulnerability.
It is also advisable to practice good cyber hygiene, such as not opening files from untrusted sources and keeping all software up-to-date, to further reduce the risk of exploitation.