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CVE-2025-29339: Assertion failure vulnerability in Open5GS UPF leading to potential system compromise

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Overview

This report sheds light on a significant vulnerability, CVE-2025-29339, that affects Open5GS UPF versions up to v2.7.2. This vulnerability in the user plane function (UPF) could potentially lead to a system compromise or data leakage. Given the critical nature of Open5GS in telecom and IT infrastructure, understanding and mitigating this vulnerability is of utmost importance.

Vulnerability Summary

CVE ID: CVE-2025-29339
Severity: High (7.5 CVSS Score)
Attack Vector: Network
Privileges Required: None
User Interaction: None
Impact: System compromise and potential data leakage

Affected Products

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Product | Affected Versions

Open5GS UPF | Up to v2.7.2

How the Exploit Works

The vulnerability is exploited when a PFCP Session Establishment Request with PDN Type=0 is processed. The UPF fails to handle this invalid value propagated either from the Session Management Function (SMF) or through a direct attack. This triggers a fatal assertion check, causing a daemon crash, and potentially allowing a malicious actor to compromise the system or data.

Conceptual Example Code

A conceptual example of how the vulnerability might be exploited could be a malicious PFCP Session Establishment Request sent to the Open5GS UPF. This could look something like:

send_pfcp_request --pdn-type 0 --target open5gs-upf.example.com

This simple command could send a PFCP Session Establishment Request with PDN Type=0 to the vulnerable UPF, triggering the fatal assertion check and causing the daemon to crash.

Mitigation Guidance

The best course of action to prevent exploitation is to apply the vendor patch as soon as it is available. In the meantime, a Web Application Firewall (WAF) or Intrusion Detection System (IDS) can be used to monitor and block malicious PFCP Session Establishment Requests as a temporary mitigation measure.

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Disclaimer:

The information and code presented in this article are provided for educational and defensive cybersecurity purposes only. Any conceptual or pseudocode examples are simplified representations intended to raise awareness and promote secure development and system configuration practices.

Do not use this information to attempt unauthorized access or exploit vulnerabilities on systems that you do not own or have explicit permission to test.

Ameeba and its authors do not endorse or condone malicious behavior and are not responsible for misuse of the content. Always follow ethical hacking guidelines, responsible disclosure practices, and local laws.

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