Overview:
A significant security vulnerability, identified as CVE-2025-61044, has been discovered in the firmware of TOTOLINK X18 V9.1.0cu.2053_B20230309. This vulnerability exposes devices to a command injection attack via the agentName parameter in the setEasyMeshAgentCfg function. Being a cybersecurity threat of high severity, it poses a substantial risk to the systems that make use of this firmware. It matters as it could potentially lead to system compromise or data leakage, causing substantial damage to the affected parties.
Vulnerability Summary:
CVE ID: CVE-2025-61044
Severity: Critical (9.8 CVSS Severity Score)
Attack Vector: Network
Privileges Required: None
User Interaction: None
Impact: System compromise or data leakage
Affected Products:
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Product | Affected Versions
TOTOLINK X18 | V9.1.0cu.2053_B20230309
How the Exploit Works:
The vulnerability in question is a command injection flaw, which resides in the agentName parameter of the setEasyMeshAgentCfg function in TOTOLINK X18’s firmware. Command injection vulnerabilities occur when an application passes unsafe data, in this case through the agentName parameter, to a system shell. This could allow a remote attacker to execute arbitrary commands directly on the system.
Conceptual Example Code:
Here’s a hypothetical example of how an attacker might exploit this vulnerability:
POST /setEasyMeshAgentCfg HTTP/1.1
Host: target.totolink.com
Content-Type: application/json
{ "agentName": "; rm -rf /;" }In this example, `”; rm -rf /;”` is the malicious payload. The semicolon (;) at the beginning of the payload is used to terminate the previous command, and what follows is the malicious command to be executed, in this case, `rm -rf /`, a destructive command that deletes all files in the system.
Recommended Mitigation:
Until a vendor patch is available, one possible mitigation measure is to use a Web Application Firewall (WAF) or Intrusion Detection System (IDS). However, these are only temporary solutions and may not entirely prevent the exploitation of this vulnerability. As soon as the vendor releases a patch, it should be applied immediately to rectify this vulnerability and protect the system from potential exploits.
