Overview
This blog post explores a significant vulnerability discovered in Promptcraft Forge Studio, an essential tool for developing and maintaining LLM-powered applications. The vulnerability, identified as CVE-2025-58361, affects all versions of the software, potentially placing a wide range of systems and their data at risk. This vulnerability is particularly concerning because it allows attackers to bypass security measures using user-controlled URLs to execute arbitrary scripts, leading to system compromise or data leakage.
Vulnerability Summary
CVE ID: CVE-2025-58361
Severity: Critical (9.3/10)
Attack Vector: Web-based (XSS)
Privileges Required: None
User Interaction: Required
Impact: System compromise or data leakage
Affected Products
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Product | Affected Versions
Promptcraft Forge Studio | All versions
How the Exploit Works
The exploit leverages a weakness in Promptcraft Forge Studio’s URL scheme check mechanism. This mechanism, located in src/utils/validation.ts, only strips ‘javascript:’ and a few patterns, while `data:` URLs (such as data:image/svg+xml,…) are allowed to pass. This oversight allows an attacker to inject malicious scripts via these unchecked `data:` URLs. When these manipulated URLs are used in href/src, the attacker’s script gets executed, compromising the system.
Conceptual Example Code
Below is a conceptual example of how the vulnerability might be exploited:
GET /vulnerableSite/?url=data:text/html;base64,PHNjcmlwdD5hbGVydCgnWFNTJyk8L3NjcmlwdD4= HTTP/1.1
Host: target.example.comIn this example, the GET request includes a `data:` URL that contains a Base64-encoded script (``). If this request is processed by a system with the described vulnerability, the script will be executed. This action can lead to unauthorized access, data leakage, or even full system compromise.
Mitigation Guidance
As of now, there is no official fix for this issue. Until a patch is released by the vendor, it is advisable to use a Web Application Firewall (WAF) or an Intrusion Detection System (IDS) as temporary mitigation. These tools can help identify and block attempts to exploit this vulnerability. Organizations are also advised to regularly update their systems and applications to the latest versions and maintain good cybersecurity hygiene to reduce the risk of successful attacks.
