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CVE-2025-9748: Critical Buffer Overflow Vulnerability in Tenda CH22 1.0.0.1

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Overview

The vulnerability identified as CVE-2025-9748 poses a significant threat to systems utilizing the Tenda CH22 1.0.0.1. The affected component is the httpd function fromIpsecitem situated in the file /goform/IPSECsave. This vulnerability can lead to a stack-based buffer overflow, thereby providing an attacker with the potential to compromise the system or leak data. This blog post aims to provide a comprehensive understanding of the vulnerability, its implications, and the appropriate mitigation strategies.

Vulnerability Summary

CVE ID: CVE-2025-9748
Severity: High (8.8 CVSS Score)
Attack Vector: Network
Privileges Required: None
User Interaction: None
Impact: Potential for system compromise and data leakage

Affected Products

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Product | Affected Versions

Tenda CH22 | 1.0.0.1

How the Exploit Works

The exploit leverages a vulnerability in the fromIpsecitem function of the httpd component in Tenda CH22 1.0.0.1. By manipulating the argument ‘ipsecno’, an attacker can trigger a buffer overflow condition. This overflow occurs because the software writes more data to the buffer than it can hold. This additional data can overwrite adjacent memory locations, potentially leading to erratic software behavior, crashes, or, in worst-case scenarios, execution of arbitrary code by the attacker.

Conceptual Example Code

An attacker might exploit this vulnerability by sending a specially crafted HTTP POST request to the vulnerable endpoint as shown below:

POST /goform/IPSECsave HTTP/1.1
Host: target.example.com
Content-Type: application/json
{ "ipsecno": "A"*1024 }

In this conceptual example, the “ipsecno” argument is overloaded with a large number of “A” characters (1024 in this case), which might be enough to overflow the buffer and potentially inject malicious code into the system.

Mitigation

The recommended mitigation for this vulnerability is to apply the vendor-released patch. If this is not immediately possible, the use of a Web Application Firewall (WAF) or Intrusion Detection System (IDS) can provide temporary mitigation by detecting and blocking attempts to exploit this vulnerability. Regularly updating and patching software is a best practice in cybersecurity and can prevent many such vulnerabilities from being exploited.

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Disclaimer:

The information and code presented in this article are provided for educational and defensive cybersecurity purposes only. Any conceptual or pseudocode examples are simplified representations intended to raise awareness and promote secure development and system configuration practices.

Do not use this information to attempt unauthorized access or exploit vulnerabilities on systems that you do not own or have explicit permission to test.

Ameeba and its authors do not endorse or condone malicious behavior and are not responsible for misuse of the content. Always follow ethical hacking guidelines, responsible disclosure practices, and local laws.

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