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CVE-2025-59404: Unlocked Bootloader Vulnerability in Flock Safety Bravo Edge AI Compute Device

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Overview

This report details a recently discovered vulnerability, identified as CVE-2025-59404, affecting the Flock Safety Bravo Edge AI Compute Device. This vulnerability is a significant concern due to the device’s bootloader being unlocked, allowing direct modification of partitions and bypass of Android Verified Boot (AVB). The impact of this vulnerability is potentially severe, including system compromise or data leakage, and it should be immediately addressed to ensure the security of the affected systems.

Vulnerability Summary

CVE ID: CVE-2025-59404
Severity: High (7.5 CVSS Score)
Attack Vector: Local
Privileges Required: None
User Interaction: None
Impact: Potential system compromise or data leakage

Affected Products

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Product | Affected Versions

Flock Safety Bravo Edge AI Compute Device | BRAVO_00.00_local_20241017

How the Exploit Works

The Flock Safety Bravo Edge AI Compute Device ships with an unlocked bootloader. This means that an attacker can bypass Android Verified Boot (AVB) and directly modify partitions. This can lead to unauthorized system access, alteration of system behavior, or the installation of malicious software. This vulnerability creates a significant risk of system compromise and data leakage.

Conceptual Example Code

While the specifics of an exploit will vary based on the attacker’s objectives, a conceptualized shell command exploiting this vulnerability might look like this:

fastboot flash system malicious_system.img

In this example, `malicious_system.img` is an Android system image that the attacker has modified for malicious purposes. Using the fastboot utility, which is accessible due to the unlocked bootloader, the attacker replaces the device’s system partition with their malicious system image. This could provide them with system-level access and control.

Mitigation Guidance

To mitigate this vulnerability, users should apply the vendor’s patch as soon as it is available. As a temporary measure, the use of a Web Application Firewall (WAF) or Intrusion Detection System (IDS) can help detect and prevent exploit attempts. However, these measures cannot fully protect against the vulnerability, and patching the device should be prioritized.

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Disclaimer:

The information and code presented in this article are provided for educational and defensive cybersecurity purposes only. Any conceptual or pseudocode examples are simplified representations intended to raise awareness and promote secure development and system configuration practices.

Do not use this information to attempt unauthorized access or exploit vulnerabilities on systems that you do not own or have explicit permission to test.

Ameeba and its authors do not endorse or condone malicious behavior and are not responsible for misuse of the content. Always follow ethical hacking guidelines, responsible disclosure practices, and local laws.

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