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CVE-2025-54813: Improper Output Neutralization in Apache Log4cxx Leads to Potential System Compromise

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Overview

The CVE-2025-54813 vulnerability exposes systems to potential compromise due to improper output neutralization for logs in Apache Log4cxx. It specifically affects versions of Apache Log4cxx prior to 1.5.0. As a result, attackers can exploit this vulnerability to hinder the correct interpretation of log information by applications that consume these logs, thereby leading to system compromise or data leakage.

Vulnerability Summary

CVE ID: CVE-2025-54813
Severity: High (CVSS 7.5)
Attack Vector: Network
Privileges Required: None
User Interaction: None
Impact: Potential system compromise or data leakage

Affected Products

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Product | Affected Versions

Apache Log4cxx | Before 1.5.0

How the Exploit Works

This vulnerability arises from a failure to properly escape all payload bytes when using JSONLayout. If an attacker supplies a message with specific non-printable characters, these characters are included in the message and written out as part of the JSON message. This prevents applications that consume these logs from correctly interpreting the information, leading to potential system compromise or data leakage.

Conceptual Example Code

The conceptual exploit of this vulnerability might involve an attacker sending a message containing non-printable characters. This could be achieved through an HTTP POST request as shown below:

POST /log4cxx/endpoint HTTP/1.1
Host: target.example.com
Content-Type: application/json
{ "message": "Hello\u001b[31m World" }

In the above conceptual example, the string “\u001b[31m” is a non-printable character sequence that could potentially disrupt the correct interpretation of log information by applications that consume these logs. The specific impact would depend on how the receiving application handles such characters.

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Disclaimer:

The information and code presented in this article are provided for educational and defensive cybersecurity purposes only. Any conceptual or pseudocode examples are simplified representations intended to raise awareness and promote secure development and system configuration practices.

Do not use this information to attempt unauthorized access or exploit vulnerabilities on systems that you do not own or have explicit permission to test.

Ameeba and its authors do not endorse or condone malicious behavior and are not responsible for misuse of the content. Always follow ethical hacking guidelines, responsible disclosure practices, and local laws.

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