Overview
The cybersecurity environment is continuously evolving, with new vulnerabilities being discovered every day. Among them, CVE-2025-54424 is a high-severity vulnerability that affects 1Panel, a web interface and MCP Server managing websites, files, containers, databases, and LLMs on a Linux server. This vulnerability is critical as it allows unauthorized interface access, leading to Remote Code Execution (RCE). Given the wide usage of 1Panel for server management tasks, this vulnerability can have serious implications, potentially leading to system compromise or data leakage.
Vulnerability Summary
CVE ID: CVE-2025-54424
Severity: High (CVSS: 8.1)
Attack Vector: Network
Privileges Required: None
User Interaction: None
Impact: Unauthorized interface access leading to remote code execution
Affected Products
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Product | Affected Versions
1Panel | 2.0.5 and below
How the Exploit Works
CVE-2025-54424 exploits a weakness in the HTTPS protocol used by 1Panel for communication between the Core and Agent endpoints. In versions 2.0.5 and below, the HTTPS protocol has incomplete certificate verification during certificate validation. This flaw can be leveraged by an attacker to gain unauthorized access to the interface. Given the presence of numerous command execution or high-privilege interfaces in 1Panel, this unauthorized access can lead to remote code execution, potentially compromising the entire system.
Conceptual Example Code
This vulnerability could be exploited by an attacker sending a malicious request to the 1Panel server. Here’s a conceptual example of how this might look:
GET /core/endpoint HTTP/1.1
Host: target.example.com
{ "malicious_payload": "ExecuteCommand('rm -rf /')" }In this example, the malicious payload is a command that would delete all files on the server if executed. This conceptual example is for illustrative purposes only and is not meant to be replicated in real-world scenarios.
Mitigation Guidance
To mitigate the risk associated with CVE-2025-54424, it’s recommended to apply the vendor patch, provided in 1Panel version 2.0.6. If unable to immediately apply the patch, using a Web Application Firewall (WAF) or an Intrusion Detection System (IDS) can serve as a temporary mitigation. This, however, should not replace the need for patching the system promptly. Regularly updating and patching software is a critical part of maintaining a secure cybersecurity environment.