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CVE-2025-53506: Uncontrolled Resource Consumption Vulnerability in Apache Tomcat

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Overview

This report delves into the details of a significant vulnerability identified in Apache Tomcat, an open-source Java Servlet container developed by the Apache Software Foundation. The vulnerability, designated as CVE-2025-53506, represents a serious risk to servers running the affected versions of Apache Tomcat. If exploited, this flaw could lead to uncontrolled resource consumption, potentially leading to system compromise or data leakage.

Vulnerability Summary

CVE ID: CVE-2025-53506
Severity: High (7.5 CVSS score)
Attack Vector: Network
Privileges Required: None
User Interaction: None
Impact: Potential system compromise or data leakage

Affected Products

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Product | Affected Versions

Apache Tomcat | 11.0.0-M1 through 11.0.8
Apache Tomcat | 10.1.0-M1 through 10.1.42
Apache Tomcat | 9.0.0.M1 through 9.0.106

How the Exploit Works

The vulnerability exploits a flaw in Apache Tomcat’s handling of HTTP/2 clients. If an HTTP/2 client does not acknowledge the initial settings frame that reduces the maximum permitted concurrent streams, it can lead to uncontrolled resource consumption. This can cause the server to become overwhelmed and potentially lead to system compromise or data leakage.

Conceptual Example Code

Here’s a concept of how this vulnerability might be exploited:

POST / HTTP/2.0
Host: vulnerable.example.com
:method: POST
:path: /
:scheme: https
:authority: vulnerable.example.com
content-length: 1000000000
{ "malicious_payload": "Repeatedly send large amounts of data without acknowledging initial settings frame." }

This conceptual exploit demonstrates the malicious client repeatedly sending large amounts of data without acknowledging the initial settings frame, leading to uncontrolled resource consumption on the server.

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Disclaimer:

The information and code presented in this article are provided for educational and defensive cybersecurity purposes only. Any conceptual or pseudocode examples are simplified representations intended to raise awareness and promote secure development and system configuration practices.

Do not use this information to attempt unauthorized access or exploit vulnerabilities on systems that you do not own or have explicit permission to test.

Ameeba and its authors do not endorse or condone malicious behavior and are not responsible for misuse of the content. Always follow ethical hacking guidelines, responsible disclosure practices, and local laws.

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