Overview
A high severity vulnerability, labeled as CVE-2025-51390, has been identified in the TOTOLINK N600R V4.3.0cu.7647_B20210106. This vulnerability can allow potential attackers to execute arbitrary commands on the affected system, leading to serious consequences such as system compromises or data leakage. It is a concerning issue for all users and administrators who utilize the affected version of the TOTOLINK N600R, and immediate action is required to mitigate the risks associated with this vulnerability.
Vulnerability Summary
CVE ID: CVE-2025-51390
Severity: Critical (CVSS: 9.8)
Attack Vector: Network
Privileges Required: Low
User Interaction: Required
Impact: System compromise or data leakage
Affected Products
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Product | Affected Versions
TOTOLINK N600R | V4.3.0cu.7647_B20210106
How the Exploit Works
The command injection vulnerability is located in the ‘setWiFiWpsConfig’ function, specifically via the ‘pin’ parameter. An attacker can manipulate this parameter to inject and execute arbitrary commands. This is possible due to insufficient input validation and the use of user-supplied data in a command context.
Conceptual Example Code
Below is a conceptual example of how the vulnerability might be exploited. The malicious command is injected via the PIN parameter in a HTTP POST request.
POST /setWiFiWpsConfig HTTP/1.1
Host: target.example.com
Content-Type: application/json
{ "pin": "; malicious_command_here ;" }In this example, the “;” is used to terminate the original command and initiate a new one. The ‘malicious_command_here’ is where an attacker would insert their command, resulting in it being executed on the server side.
Recommended Mitigation
Users are advised to apply the vendor-provided patch as soon as possible. If a patch cannot be applied immediately, the use of a Web Application Firewall (WAF) or an Intrusion Detection System (IDS) can serve as a temporary mitigation measure. These systems can help in monitoring, detecting, and blocking malicious activities related to this vulnerability. However, they are not a permanent solution and updating to the patched version is strongly recommended to fully mitigate the risk.