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CVE-2025-49140: Pion Interceptor RTP Packet Factory Vulnerability

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Overview

This report examines the CVE-2025-49140 vulnerability found within the Pion Interceptor framework, specifically within its RTP/RTCP communication software. Developers who use versions v0.1.36 through v0.1.38 of the Pion Interceptor are at risk. The vulnerability can be exploited to cause system panic or even data leakage, making it a serious threat that demands immediate attention.

Vulnerability Summary

CVE ID: CVE-2025-49140
Severity: High (7.5 CVSS Score)
Attack Vector: Network
Privileges Required: None
User Interaction: None
Impact: System compromise, data leakage

Affected Products

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Product | Affected Versions

Pion Interceptor | v0.1.36 to v0.1.38

How the Exploit Works

The vulnerability lies within the RTP packet factory of the Pion Interceptor framework. Malicious actors can exploit this vulnerability by sending specially crafted RTP packets that trigger a panic within the Pion-based SFU system. This can lead to system compromise or data leakage. The problem arises when the P-bit is set but the padLen is zero or larger than the remaining payload, causing the system to panic.

Conceptual Example Code

In this conceptual example, the malicious actor sends a specially crafted RTP packet to the vulnerable system:

POST /vulnerable/RTP-packet-factory HTTP/1.1
Host: target.example.com
Content-Type: application/rtp
{ "P-bit": "set", "padLen": "larger than payload" }

To mitigate this vulnerability, users should upgrade to v0.1.39 or later versions of Pion Interceptor, which validates `padLen > 0 && padLen <= payloadLength` and returns an error on overflow, avoiding panic. In the event that upgrading is not possible, users can apply the patch from the pull request manually or drop packets whose P-bit is set but whose padLen is zero or larger than the remaining payload. As a temporary mitigation, users can also use a Web Application Firewall (WAF) or Intrusion Detection System (IDS).

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Disclaimer:

The information and code presented in this article are provided for educational and defensive cybersecurity purposes only. Any conceptual or pseudocode examples are simplified representations intended to raise awareness and promote secure development and system configuration practices.

Do not use this information to attempt unauthorized access or exploit vulnerabilities on systems that you do not own or have explicit permission to test.

Ameeba and its authors do not endorse or condone malicious behavior and are not responsible for misuse of the content. Always follow ethical hacking guidelines, responsible disclosure practices, and local laws.

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