Overview
A high-severity vulnerability, designated CVE-2025-4822, has recently been identified in the Bayraktar Solar Energies ScadaWatt Otopilot system. This vulnerability pertains to an SQL Injection flaw, which can be exploited by malicious individuals to compromise the system and potentially leak sensitive data. Given the critical role of ScadaWatt Otopilot in managing solar energy systems, this vulnerability could have far-reaching impacts, including the disruption of solar energy provision and the leakage of user information.
Vulnerability Summary
CVE ID: CVE-2025-4822
Severity: Critical (9.8 CVSS Score)
Attack Vector: Network
Privileges Required: Low
User Interaction: None
Impact: System compromise and potential data leakage
Affected Products
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Product | Affected Versions
ScadaWatt Otopilot | Versions prior to 27.05.2025
How the Exploit Works
The vulnerability manifests through the improper neutralization of special elements used in an SQL command. In essence, the ScadaWatt Otopilot system fails to properly sanitize user-supplied input. This allows an attacker to manipulate SQL queries, in turn enabling them to access, modify, or delete data in the underlying SQL database. They could potentially gain unauthorized access to sensitive information or even control over the entire system.
Conceptual Example Code
The following example demonstrates how an attacker might exploit this vulnerability. In this scenario, the attacker sends a specially crafted string in a POST request to a vulnerable endpoint in the ScadaWatt Otopilot system.
POST /vulnerable/endpoint HTTP/1.1
Host: target.example.com
Content-Type: application/json
{ "user_input": "'; DROP TABLE users; --" }In the example above, the string `’; DROP TABLE users; –` is a classic SQL injection attack known as the “DROP TABLE” attack. If the system does not properly sanitize the input, this command would cause the “users” table in the database to be deleted.
Mitigation
Bayraktar Solar Energies has released a vendor patch to address this vulnerability. It is strongly recommended that all users of affected versions of ScadaWatt Otopilot update their systems immediately. In the interim, a Web Application Firewall (WAF) or an Intrusion Detection System (IDS) can be used to mitigate the risk.