Overview
The CVE-2025-46407 is a severe vulnerability that exists in the BMPv3 Palette Decoding functionality of the SAIL Image Decoding Library v0.9.8. This vulnerability primarily affects applications and systems that use this library for processing BMPv3 images. The exploitation of this vulnerability can lead to remote code execution, potentially compromising the system or leading to data leakage. Given the widespread use of image decoding libraries in various applications, this vulnerability warrants immediate attention and remediation.
Vulnerability Summary
CVE ID: CVE-2025-46407
Severity: Critical (CVSS: 8.8)
Attack Vector: Remote
Privileges Required: None
User Interaction: Required (An attacker will need to convince the library to read a malicious file)
Impact: Remote code execution, potential system compromise or data leakage
Affected Products
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Product | Affected Versions
SAIL Image Decoding Library | v0.9.8
How the Exploit Works
The exploitation of this vulnerability requires a specially crafted .bmp file loaded into the SAIL Image Decoding Library. An integer overflow can be triggered during the reading of the palette from the image, causing a heap-based buffer to overflow. This overflow can corrupt memory and create conditions that allow remote code execution.
Conceptual Example Code
The example below provides a conceptual idea of how a malicious .bmp file might be crafted and loaded into the library to exploit this vulnerability. This is a high-level representation and not an actual exploit code.
# Create a malicious BMP file with a specially crafted palette
malicious_bmp = create_malicious_bmp()
# Load the malicious BMP file into the SAIL Image Decoding Library
sail_decoding_library.load(malicious_bmp)
def create_malicious_bmp():
# Oversize the palette to trigger integer overflow
oversized_palette = generate_oversized_palette()
# Create a BMP file with the oversized palette
malicious_bmp = BMP()
malicious_bmp.set_palette(oversized_palette)
return malicious_bmpMitigation
Users of the SAIL Image Decoding Library v0.9.8 should apply the vendor patch as soon as possible. If immediate patching is not possible, using a Web Application Firewall (WAF) or Intrusion Detection System (IDS) can provide temporary mitigation. These systems should be configured to block or alert on attempts to load suspicious .bmp files.