CVE-2025-3928: Unspecified Vulnerability in Commvault Web Server Leading to Potential System Compromise

Overview

A critical vulnerability identified as CVE-2025-3928 has been discovered in the Commvault Web Server, a widely used software suite providing data protection and information management solutions. This vulnerability, if exploited, could allow a remote, authenticated attacker to potentially compromise systems or leak data. Given the wide use of Commvault’s products in businesses and organizations across the globe, this vulnerability could have far-reaching implications, affecting data integrity and security on a large scale.

Vulnerability Summary

CVE ID: CVE-2025-3928
Severity: High (8.8 CVSS Score)
Attack Vector: Network
Privileges Required: Low
User Interaction: Required
Impact: System compromise or data leakage

Affected Products

Product | Affected Versions

Commvault Web Server | 11.20.217 and earlier versions
Commvault Web Server | 11.28.141 and earlier versions
Commvault Web Server | 11.32.89 and earlier versions
Commvault Web Server | 11.36.46 and earlier versions

How the Exploit Works

The vulnerability lies in the way the Commvault Web Server handles user authentication and script execution. An attacker with valid credentials can craft malicious webshells and execute them on the server, ultimately gaining unauthorized access to the system. The attacker can then exploit this access to compromise the system or leak sensitive data.

Conceptual Example Code

Consider this conceptual example of a malicious HTTP POST request that an attacker might use to exploit the vulnerability:

POST /commvault_script/execute HTTP/1.1
Host: target.company.com
Content-Type: application/x-www-form-urlencoded
Authorization: Bearer {valid_auth_token}
{ "script": "/path/to/malicious/webshell.sh" }

In this example, the attacker uses a valid authentication token (`valid_auth_token`) and sends a request to execute a malicious webshell script (`webshell.sh`) located on the server.

Prevention and Mitigation

To protect against this vulnerability, it is recommended to update the Commvault Web Server to versions 11.20.217, 11.28.141, 11.32.89, or 11.36.46 for Windows and Linux platforms. Until the update can be applied, using a Web Application Firewall (WAF) or an Intrusion Detection System (IDS) can offer temporary mitigation against potential attacks exploiting this vulnerability.
In conclusion, CVE-2025-3928 is a serious vulnerability that requires immediate attention. By keeping systems up-to-date and employing appropriate security measures, organizations can protect their data and maintain the integrity of their systems.