Overview
The Common Vulnerabilities and Exposures (CVE) identifier CVE-2025-31281 refers to a critical vulnerability in multiple operating systems, including visionOS, tvOS, macOS, iOS, and iPadOS. This vulnerability, caused by an input validation issue that affects memory handling, can lead to unexpected application termination if a maliciously crafted file is processed.
This vulnerability is of significant concern due to its potential to compromise the entire system or lead to data leakage. Furthermore, given the widespread use of the affected operating systems across numerous devices, the potential impact scope is extensive. This makes understanding and addressing CVE-2025-31281 vital for all users and organizations relying on these systems.
Vulnerability Summary
CVE ID: CVE-2025-31281
Severity: Critical (CVSS score: 9.1)
Attack Vector: File Processing
Privileges Required: None
User Interaction: Required
Impact: System compromise or data leakage
Affected Products
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Product | Affected Versions
visionOS | Up to 2.5
tvOS | Up to 18.5
macOS Sequoia | Up to 15.5
iOS | Up to 18.5
iPadOS | Up to 18.5
How the Exploit Works
The vulnerability arises from an input validation issue during memory handling when processing files. An attacker can craft a malicious file that, once processed by the operating system, triggers the vulnerability and results in an unexpected application termination. This termination can potentially give the attacker unauthorized access to system resources or data, leading to system compromise or data leakage.
Conceptual Example Code
Consider the following conceptual example of how such a file might be crafted and utilized:
POST /vulnerable/endpoint HTTP/1.1
Host: target.example.com
Content-Type: application/octet-stream
{ "malicious_file": "data_with_malformed_memory_calls" }In this example, the attacker sends a POST request with a malicious file to a vulnerable endpoint on the target system. A successful exploit would result in unexpected application termination, potentially compromising the system or leaking data.