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CVE-2025-31221: Critical Integer Overflow Vulnerability Leading to Potential Memory Leak and System Compromise

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Overview

The Common Vulnerability Exposure (CVE) identifier CVE-2025-31221 refers to a critical vulnerability that exists in a range of operating systems, including macOS, watchOS, tvOS, iPadOS, and visionOS. This vulnerability pertains to an integer overflow that could potentially be exploited by remote attackers to leak memory and compromise the affected system, marking it a significant cybersecurity threat.

Vulnerability Summary

CVE ID: CVE-2025-31221
Severity: High (CVSS: 7.5)
Attack Vector: Network
Privileges Required: None
User Interaction: None
Impact: Potential system compromise and data leakage

Affected Products

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Product | Affected Versions

watchOS | 11.5
macOS Sonoma | 14.7.6
tvOS | 18.5
iPadOS | 17.7.7, 18.5
iOS | 18.5
macOS Sequoia | 15.5
visionOS | 2.5
macOS Ventura | 13.7.6

How the Exploit Works

The vulnerability arises from an integer overflow issue, which is not properly validated in the affected operating systems. An integer overflow occurs when an arithmetic operation attempts to create a numeric value that is outside of the range that can be represented with a given number of bits. A remote attacker can exploit this vulnerability by sending specially crafted data to the affected device, causing the integer overflow and leading to a memory leak.

Conceptual Example Code

The following is a conceptual example of how this vulnerability might be exploited. This should not be taken as an actual exploit code, but rather a simplified representation of the concept:

POST /vulnerable/endpoint HTTP/1.1
Host: target.example.com
Content-Type: application/json
{ "integer": 9223372036854775808 }

In this conceptual example, the “integer” value is set to a value greater than what can be stored in a 64-bit signed integer, causing an integer overflow. This could potentially lead to memory leak and system compromise.

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Disclaimer:

The information and code presented in this article are provided for educational and defensive cybersecurity purposes only. Any conceptual or pseudocode examples are simplified representations intended to raise awareness and promote secure development and system configuration practices.

Do not use this information to attempt unauthorized access or exploit vulnerabilities on systems that you do not own or have explicit permission to test.

Ameeba and its authors do not endorse or condone malicious behavior and are not responsible for misuse of the content. Always follow ethical hacking guidelines, responsible disclosure practices, and local laws.

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