Overview
The Common Vulnerabilities and Exposures (CVE) program has recently identified a critical security vulnerability, CVE-2025-28357, in the Neto CMS versions 6.313.0 through 6.314.0. The vulnerability is a CRLF injection flaw, a type of vulnerability that allows attackers to manipulate web applications by injecting a malicious payload into an HTTP request. This vulnerability is particularly significant due to its high CVSS Severity Score of 8.8, indicating it poses a high risk to affected systems.
This vulnerability affects a wide range of businesses and organizations using the affected versions of Neto CMS, and potentially compromises system security or leads to data leakage. In this post, we will provide a comprehensive overview of this vulnerability, including its specifics, how it can be exploited, and guidance on mitigation.
Vulnerability Summary
CVE ID: CVE-2025-28357
Severity: High (8.8 CVSS Score)
Attack Vector: Network
Privileges Required: None
User Interaction: None
Impact: Potential system compromise and data leakage
Affected Products
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Product | Affected Versions
Neto CMS | 6.313.0 to 6.314.0
How the Exploit Works
A CRLF injection vulnerability exploits the way web servers process HTTP headers. By inserting unexpected carriage return line feed (CRLF) sequences into an HTTP request, an attacker can manipulate the server’s response, leading to potential data leakage or direct execution of arbitrary code on the server.
In the case of CVE-2025-28357, the flaw resides in the affected versions of Neto CMS where it insufficiently sanitizes user-supplied inputs. This allows an attacker to inject malicious payloads into crafted HTTP requests, which then get executed or processed by the server, potentially leading to system compromise or data leakage.
Conceptual Example Code
Below is a conceptual example of how this vulnerability might be exploited. In this example, the attacker injects a malicious payload into an HTTP request sent to a vulnerable endpoint.
POST /vulnerable/endpoint HTTP/1.1
Host: target.example.com
Content-Type: application/json
{ "data": "data\r\nContent-Length: 0\r\n\r\nHTTP/1.1 200 OK\r\nContent-Type: text/html\r\n\r\n<script>malicious code</script>" }Mitigation Guidance
To mitigate the impact of this vulnerability, users of affected Neto CMS versions should apply the patch provided by the vendor as soon as possible. In situations where applying the patch is not immediately possible due to operational or business constraints, using a Web Application Firewall (WAF) or an Intrusion Detection System (IDS) could provide temporary mitigation. These measures can detect and prevent the specific malicious HTTP requests that exploit this vulnerability.
However, these are only temporary measures and cannot replace the comprehensive security provided by applying the official patch. Therefore, it is strongly recommended to apply the patch as soon as it is feasible.