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CVE-2025-21094: Privilege Escalation Vulnerability in Intel Server Boards UEFI Firmware

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Overview

The CVE-2025-21094 vulnerability is a serious security flaw that impacts the UEFI firmware DXE module for Intel’s Server D50DNP and M50FCP boards. As a significant security concern, this vulnerability can potentially enable a privileged user to escalate their privileges through local access, leading to system compromise or potential data leakage.

Vulnerability Summary

CVE ID: CVE-2025-21094
Severity: High (7.5 CVSS)
Attack Vector: Local Access
Privileges Required: Privileged User
User Interaction: Required
Impact: System Compromise and Potential Data Leakage

Affected Products

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Product | Affected Versions

Intel Server D50DNP | All versions prior to the patch
Intel Server M50FCP | All versions prior to the patch

How the Exploit Works

The vulnerability essentially stems from improper input validation in the UEFI firmware DXE module. A privileged user with local access to the system can exploit this improper input validation to manipulate the system’s execution or data flow. This manipulation can potentially enable the user to gain higher privileges than originally assigned, leading to unauthorized system access and control, and even potential data leakage.

Conceptual Example Code

The following pseudocode illustrates how this vulnerability might be exploited.

def exploit():
# Assume a malicious user has local access
user = get_local_user()
# The user tries to manipulate the system's execution or data flow
if user.is_privileged():
malicious_input = create_malicious_input()
send_input_to_DXE_module(malicious_input)
def create_malicious_input():
# This would be the malicious input designed to exploit the improper input validation
# The exact nature of this input would depend on the specific vulnerability
return "malicious_input"

Mitigation Guidance

The most effective mitigation for this vulnerability would be to apply the vendor’s patch. If for some reason the patch cannot be applied immediately, the use of a Web Application Firewall (WAF) or Intrusion Detection System (IDS) can serve as temporary mitigation, helping to detect and potentially block attempts to exploit this vulnerability.

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Disclaimer:

The information and code presented in this article are provided for educational and defensive cybersecurity purposes only. Any conceptual or pseudocode examples are simplified representations intended to raise awareness and promote secure development and system configuration practices.

Do not use this information to attempt unauthorized access or exploit vulnerabilities on systems that you do not own or have explicit permission to test.

Ameeba and its authors do not endorse or condone malicious behavior and are not responsible for misuse of the content. Always follow ethical hacking guidelines, responsible disclosure practices, and local laws.

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