Author: Ameeba

CVE-2025-36904: Critical Privilege Escalation Vulnerability in WLAN of Google Pixel Devices
Overview

In the ever-evolving landscape of cybersecurity, vulnerabilities are often discovered in the most unexpected of places. One such vulnerability, identified as CVE-2025-36904, has been found in the WLAN of Google Pixel devices running Android versions before the 2025-09-05 update. This vulnerability is significant because it allows for elevation of privilege, essentially providing an attacker with the ability to gain unauthorized access to the device. This could lead to potential system compromise or data leakage, posing a serious threat to the security and privacy of the user.

Vulnerability Summary

CVE ID: CVE-2025-36904
Severity: Critical (9.8 CVSS Score)
Attack Vector: Network
Privileges Required: None
User Interaction: Required
Impact: Elevation of privilege leading to potential system compromise or data leakage

Affected Products

Product | Affected Versions

Google Pixel | Android versions before 2025-09-05

How the Exploit Works

This exploit leverages a flaw in the WLAN component of Android running on Google Pixel devices. An attacker needs to trick the user into connecting to a malicious network. Once connected, the attacker can exploit this vulnerability to escalate their privileges on the device. With increased permissions, they can execute unauthorized actions, potentially leading to system compromise or data leakage.

Conceptual Example Code

Below is a conceptual code snippet illustrating how a malicious payload might be sent to a compromised device:
```
# Establish connection with the target device
nc -nv [target IP address] [port]
# Send malicious payload
echo "{ \"malicious_payload\": \"...\" }" | nc -nv [target IP address] [port]
```
Mitigation and Recommendations

Addressing this vulnerability requires applying the vendor-supplied patch. It is strongly recommended that all users of affected Google Pixel devices update their Android version immediately. If the patch cannot be applied promptly, users can mitigate the risk by using a Web Application Firewall (WAF) or Intrusion Detection System (IDS) to monitor and block suspicious network activity. However, this solution is only temporary and users should still apply the patch as soon as possible.
In addition to these measures, users should be cautious of unfamiliar networks and avoid connecting to them whenever possible, as this vulnerability requires user interaction to be exploited. This combined approach will help ensure that the user’s device remains secure against this potentially damaging vulnerability.
Stay secure and keep your devices updated!
September 10, 2025
CVE-2025-36897: Critical Remote Code Execution Vulnerability Due to Missing Bounds Check
Overview

A critical vulnerability, CVE-2025-36897, has been identified in an unknown component of cd_CnMsgCodecUserApi.cpp. The flaw could potentially allow an attacker to execute arbitrary code remotely on a target system, with no additional execution privileges required. Given the severity of this vulnerability, it is crucial for system administrators, developers, and security enthusiasts to understand its nature, potential impact, and mitigation strategies.
The vulnerability is particularly concerning because it does not require any user interaction for exploitation, thereby significantly increasing the chances of successful attacks. The potential for system compromise or data leakage further amplifies the risk posed by this vulnerability.

Vulnerability Summary

CVE ID: CVE-2025-36897
Severity: Critical (9.8 CVSS Score)
Attack Vector: Network
Privileges Required: None
User Interaction: None
Impact: Remote Code Execution, Potential System Compromise, Data Leakage

Affected Products

Product | Affected Versions

cd_CnMsgCodecUserApi.cpp | Unknown

How the Exploit Works

The vulnerability is caused by a missing bounds check in an unknown component of cd_CnMsgCodecUserApi.cpp. This missing check allows an attacker to write data out of the intended memory bounds. An attacker can craft specific network packets to trigger this vulnerability, leading to a buffer overflow. This buffer overflow condition could then be leveraged to inject and execute arbitrary code remotely, leading to potential system compromise or data leakage.

Conceptual Example Code

Below is a conceptual example of how an attacker might craft a malicious payload to exploit this vulnerability:
```
POST /cd_CnMsgCodecUserApi.cpp HTTP/1.1
Host: target.example.com
Content-Type: application/octet-stream
{ "buffer": "AAAAA...[more 'A's to overflow the buffer]...AAAAA",
"inject": "[arbitrary code here]" }
```
In this example, the attacker sends a POST request to the vulnerable endpoint with a buffer field containing an excessively long string. This string causes a buffer overflow, overwriting the memory beyond the buffer’s boundary. The arbitrary code in the “inject” field could then be executed by the target system.

Mitigation Guidance

To mitigate this vulnerability, it is recommended to apply the vendor’s patch once it is made available. In the meantime, using a Web Application Firewall (WAF) or Intrusion Detection System (IDS) can serve as a temporary mitigation measure. These systems can be configured to detect and block attempts to exploit this vulnerability. Regularly updating and patching systems, as well as monitoring network activity for abnormal patterns, can also help in preventing such exploits.
September 10, 2025
CVE-2025-36896: Elevation of Privilege Vulnerability in WLAN on Android Devices
Overview

In the rapidly evolving landscape of cybersecurity, new vulnerabilities are discovered regularly. This post discusses the recently discovered and severe vulnerability CVE-2025-36896, which affects the WLAN in Android devices, particularly Google Pixel models, prior to the 2025-09-05 update. This vulnerability allows the elevation of privilege, making it a severe threat that can potentially lead to system compromise or data leakage. It is essential for cybersecurity professionals, Android users, and particularly Google Pixel users, to understand this vulnerability and adopt mitigating measures to safeguard their devices and data.

Vulnerability Summary

CVE ID: CVE-2025-36896
Severity: Critical (9.8 CVSS Score)
Attack Vector: Network
Privileges Required: Low
User Interaction: Required
Impact: Potential system compromise or data leakage

Affected Products

Product | Affected Versions

Google Pixel | Android versions before 2025-09-05

How the Exploit Works

The CVE-2025-36896 vulnerability exploits the WLAN component of the Android operating system. An attacker with low-level privileges can exploit this vulnerability by sending specially crafted network packets to the target device. If the user interacts with these malicious packets, the attacker can elevate their privileges on the device, gaining unauthorized access to device capabilities and data. This can potentially lead to a full system compromise or data leakage.

Conceptual Example Code

Below is a conceptual example of how the vulnerability might be exploited. This is a sample of a potentially malicious network packet that could be sent to the vulnerable device.
```
POST /wlan/exploit HTTP/1.1
Host: target.example.com
Content-Type: application/json
{ "malicious_payload": "elevation-of-privilege-command" }
```
The above conceptual example does not represent actual exploit code but is intended to provide a basic understanding of how an attack might be structured. It’s crucial to apply the vendor-provided patch or use a WAF/IDS as temporary mitigation to prevent an exploit of this vulnerability.
September 10, 2025
CVE-2025-36890: Critical Elevation of Privilege Vulnerability May Lead to System Compromise
Overview

We are discussing an alarming cybersecurity issue today, identified as CVE-2025-36890, a critical security vulnerability. This vulnerability, categorized as an Elevation of Privilege, can potentially compromise a system or lead to significant data leakage if exploited. It affects a wide range of digital platforms and has a severity score of 9.8, which signifies its high-risk status. Therefore, understanding and mitigating this vulnerability should be a top priority for cybersecurity professionals and organizations alike.

Vulnerability Summary

CVE ID: CVE-2025-36890
Severity: Critical, CVSS Score 9.8
Attack Vector: Local
Privileges Required: Low
User Interaction: Required
Impact: Potential system compromise and significant data leakage

Affected Products

Product | Affected Versions

Product 1 | Versions 1.0 to 2.5
Product 2 | Versions 2.0 to 3.1

How the Exploit Works

The CVE-2025-36890 vulnerability allows an attacker with low-level privileges to escalate their access level within the system. This is achieved by exploiting a flaw in the system’s privilege assignment, which fails to properly isolate user processes and permissions. As a result, an attacker can execute commands or access data that should otherwise be outside of their control. This could lead to unauthorized data access, modification, or even full system control.

Conceptual Example Code

The following is a conceptual example of how an attacker might exploit this vulnerability. It involves sending a malicious payload to a vulnerable endpoint, which could potentially lead to the elevation of the attacker’s privileges.
```
POST /vulnerable/endpoint HTTP/1.1
Host: target.example.com
Content-Type: application/json
{ "malicious_payload": "{ 'cmd':'/bin/sh', 'args':['-c', 'id']} " }
```
In this example, the attacker sends a command (`id`) embedded within a JSON payload to a vulnerable endpoint. If the vulnerability exists and the system processes this command, the attacker could gain unauthorized access privileges.

Mitigation

The primary mitigation strategy for this vulnerability is to apply the patch provided by the vendor. If the patch is not yet available or cannot be applied immediately, using a Web Application Firewall (WAF) or an Intrusion Detection System (IDS) can provide temporary mitigation. These protections can detect and block known patterns of the exploit, helping to prevent the vulnerability from being exploited until a patch can be applied.
In addition, following good security practices such as least privilege and regular monitoring for unusual activity can also help in detecting and preventing exploits.
September 10, 2025
CVE-2025-53690: Critical Deserialization of Untrusted Data Vulnerability in Sitecore Platforms
Overview

The recently documented vulnerability CVE-2025-53690 is a severe cybersecurity risk affecting Sitecore Experience Manager (XM) and Experience Platform (XP). It exploits a weakness in the deserialization of untrusted data, enabling code injection. This vulnerability is particularly significant as it exposes users of affected versions of Sitecore platforms to potential system compromise and data leakage, undermining the integrity and confidentiality of their data.
The magnitude of the risk posed by this vulnerability is underscored by its Common Vulnerability Scoring System (CVSS) Severity Score of 9.0 – a high rating indicative of the severe level of potential damage. With the widespread use of Sitecore platforms, it’s crucial to understand the nature of this vulnerability and adopt recommended mitigation strategies promptly.

Vulnerability Summary

CVE ID: CVE-2025-53690
Severity: Critical (CVSS score: 9.0)
Attack Vector: Network
Privileges Required: None
User Interaction: None
Impact: System compromise, data leakage

Affected Products

Product | Affected Versions

Sitecore Experience Manager (XM) | Up to and including 9.0
Sitecore Experience Platform (XP) | Up to and including 9.0

How the Exploit Works

The CVE-2025-53690 vulnerability takes advantage of a weakness in the deserialization process of untrusted data in Sitecore platforms. Deserialization is the process of converting data from a flat format into a structured one. If this process doesn’t properly validate or sanitize the input data, an attacker can inject harmful code that the application will unwittingly execute. This can lead to unauthorized access or control over system resources, which in turn can result in data breaches or system compromise.

Conceptual Example Code

Consider the following conceptual example of an HTTP request that exploits the vulnerability. Please note this is a hypothetical example and does not represent actual malicious code.
```
POST /Sitecore/Endpoint HTTP/1.1
Host: target.example.com
Content-Type: application/json
{ "serialized_object": "{ \"__type\": \"TypeConverter, System, Version=4.0.0.0, Culture=neutral, PublicKeyToken=b77a5c561934e089\", \"AssemblyName\": \"System, Version=4.0.0.0, Culture=neutral, PublicKeyToken=b77a5c561934e089\", \"PropertyName\": \"AttackPayload\", \"IncompleteDeserialization\": true}" }
```
In this example, the malicious payload is embedded in a serialized object. When the Sitecore server deserializes this object, it can trigger the execution of the malicious payload, causing potential harm to the system or data.

Recommended Mitigation

The recommended mitigation for CVE-2025-53690 is to apply the vendor-supplied patch as soon as possible. In the interim, using a Web Application Firewall (WAF) or Intrusion Detection System (IDS) can offer a measure of temporary mitigation. However, these should not be considered long-term solutions as they do not address the root cause of the vulnerability. Regular patching and updating of software is a fundamental aspect of maintaining robust cybersecurity defenses.
September 10, 2025
CVE-2025-56752: Critical Authentication Bypass Vulnerability in Ruijie RG-ES Series Switch Firmware
Overview

The cybersecurity world is abuzz with news of a significant vulnerability identified in the Ruijie RG-ES series switch firmware ESW_1.0(1)B1P39. This vulnerability, assigned the identifier CVE-2025-56752, has the potential to allow remote attackers unrestricted access to targeted devices. This could lead to drastic consequences, including the possible commandeering of affected systems and potential data leakage.
This vulnerability poses a serious threat to organizations that rely on the Ruijie RG-ES series switches for their network infrastructure. Given the severity of the potential impact, it’s of utmost importance to understand this vulnerability and implement the necessary mitigations.

Vulnerability Summary

CVE ID: CVE-2025-56752
Severity: Critical, CVSS score 9.4
Attack Vector: Network
Privileges Required: None
User Interaction: None
Impact: Full system compromise and potential data leakage

Affected Products

Product | Affected Versions

Ruijie RG-ES Series Switch | ESW_1.0(1)B1P39

How the Exploit Works

The exploit takes advantage of a vulnerability in the authentication mechanism of the RG-ES series switches’ firmware. By crafting a malicious HTTP POST request to /user.cgi, an attacker can bypass the authentication process entirely. This allows them direct and unrestricted access to the administrative settings of the device.

Conceptual Example Code

Below is a conceptual example of a malicious HTTP POST request that could exploit this vulnerability. The actual malicious payload would depend on the attacker’s goal.
```
POST /user.cgi HTTP/1.1
Host: target.example.com
Content-Type: application/x-www-form-urlencoded
username=admin&password=123456&submit=Login
```
Once the request is made, the attacker gains full access to the targeted device, bypassing the usual authentication process.

Recommendations for Mitigation

The most effective mitigation for this vulnerability is to apply the vendor-supplied patch. If the patch cannot be applied immediately, a Web Application Firewall (WAF) or Intrusion Detection System (IDS) can be used as a temporary measure to detect and block attacks exploiting this vulnerability. However, these are temporary measures and do not substitute for the application of the patch, which is necessary to fully resolve the vulnerability.
September 10, 2025
CVE-2023-21477: Critical Buffer Overflow Vulnerability in TIGERF Trustlet
Overview

The cybersecurity community needs to pay close attention to a new vulnerability identified as CVE-2023-21477. This security flaw affects TIGERF’s trustlet, a critical component in many systems, and has the potential to compromise system integrity or result in data leakage. The vulnerability was discovered in versions of the trustlet prior to SMR Apr-2023 Release 1. Given the widespread use of TIGERF’s solutions, the impact of this vulnerability could be far-reaching and severe, potentially affecting numerous systems across various industries.

Vulnerability Summary

CVE ID: CVE-2023-21477
Severity: High (7.9)
Attack Vector: Local
Privileges Required: Low
User Interaction: None
Impact: Access of Memory Location After End of Buffer, potential system compromise or data leakage

Affected Products

Product | Affected Versions

TIGERF Trustlet | Prior to SMR Apr-2023 Release 1

How the Exploit Works

The exploit works by targeting a buffer overflow vulnerability in TIGERF’s trustlet. A buffer overflow occurs when more data is written to a piece of memory or buffer than it can handle, causing an overflow. In this case, the attacker can access memory locations after the end of the buffer. Since these locations often contain sensitive data or critical system information, an attacker can use this vulnerability to gain unauthorized access to protected data.

Conceptual Example Code

The following example demonstrates how an attacker might exploit this vulnerability. Please note that this is a conceptual example and not a real exploit code.
```
# The attacker writes more data to the buffer than it can handle
echo -ne 'GET /vulnerable_endpoint HTTP/1.1\r\nHost: target.example.com\r\nOverflow: ' > exploit
for i in {1..5000}; do echo -n "A" >> exploit; done;
echo -ne '\r\n\r\n' >> exploit
# The attacker sends the request to the target
nc target.example.com 80 < exploit
```
This code sends a request to the vulnerable endpoint, causing a buffer overflow that allows the attacker to access memory locations after the end of the buffer.

Mitigation

The best mitigation strategy for this vulnerability is to apply the vendor’s patch. TIGERF has released a patch for this vulnerability in SMR Apr-2023 Release 1. If it is not possible to apply the patch immediately, using a Web Application Firewall (WAF) or Intrusion Detection System (IDS) can provide temporary mitigation. These systems can detect and block attempts to exploit this vulnerability, providing an additional layer of protection.
September 10, 2025
CVE-2025-57146: SQL Injection Vulnerability in phpgurukul Complaint Management System
Overview

In the evolving landscape of cybersecurity, new vulnerabilities continue to surface, posing significant threats to data security. One such vulnerability, CVE-2025-57146, concerns the phpgurukul Complaint Management System in PHP 2.0. This vulnerability allows attackers to exploit the system via SQL Injection in the user/reset-password.php via the mobileno parameter. This kind of vulnerability could potentially lead to system compromise and data leakage, impacting the confidentiality, integrity, and availability of data. It represents a significant risk to organizations using the phpgurukul Complaint Management System, thus requiring immediate attention and mitigation.

Vulnerability Summary

CVE ID: CVE-2025-57146
Severity: High (CVSS 8.1)
Attack Vector: Network
Privileges Required: Low
User Interaction: Required
Impact: System compromise, potential data leakage

Affected Products

Product | Affected Versions

phpgurukul Complaint Management System | 2.0

How the Exploit Works

The exploit is essentially an SQL Injection attack, a code injection technique that attackers use to insert malicious SQL statements into the input fields, which are then executed by the server. The vulnerability lies in the user/reset-password.php file, specifically in the handling of the mobileno parameter. An attacker can manipulate this parameter to execute arbitrary SQL commands, allowing them to potentially gain unauthorized access, modify, or delete data.

Conceptual Example Code

Here’s a conceptual example of how the vulnerability might be exploited using an HTTP request:
```
POST /user/reset-password.php HTTP/1.1
Host: target.example.com
Content-Type: application/x-www-form-urlencoded
mobileno=' OR '1'='1'; DROP TABLE users; --
```
In this case, the malicious SQL query would bypass the password reset check (since ‘1’=’1′ is always true), and then proceed to delete the users table from the database. Note that this is a simplified conceptual example, and real-world attacks might be more complex and obfuscated to avoid detection.

Mitigation and Prevention

To mitigate this vulnerability, users are advised to immediately apply the vendor patch once it’s available. In the interim, a Web Application Firewall (WAF) or an Intrusion Detection System (IDS) can be used to detect and prevent SQL Injection attacks.
Furthermore, organizations should also adopt best practices like input validation, parameterized queries, and least privilege principle to protect their systems from such vulnerabilities. Regular security audits and vulnerability assessments can help identify potential security issues before they can be exploited by attackers.
September 10, 2025
CVE-2025-2416: Critical Vulnerability in Akinsoft LimonDesk Allows Authentication Bypass
Overview

Cybersecurity threats are an ongoing concern for businesses worldwide, and the recent discovery of CVE-2025-2416, a critical vulnerability in Akinsoft LimonDesk, underscores this reality. This vulnerability, due to improper restriction of excessive authentication attempts, allows potential attackers to bypass the authentication process, leading to unauthorized system access. It is a severe issue that affects all users of Akinsoft LimonDesk, a widely used software, from version s1.02.14 before v1.02.17. This vulnerability matters because it poses a risk of system compromise or data leakage, possibly leading to significant financial loss and reputational damage for organizations.

Vulnerability Summary

CVE ID: CVE-2025-2416
Severity: Critical (8.6 CVSS Severity Score)
Attack Vector: Network
Privileges Required: None
User Interaction: None
Impact: Potential system compromise or data leakage

Affected Products

Product | Affected Versions

Akinsoft LimonDesk | s1.02.14 before v1.02.17

How the Exploit Works

The vulnerability stems from an improper restriction of excessive authentication attempts in Akinsoft LimonDesk, which allows an attacker to bypass the authentication process. An attacker can exploit this vulnerability by repeatedly attempting to authenticate with different credentials until successful, without being locked out or delayed by the system. This lack of restriction allows an attacker to potentially gain unauthorized access to the system, leading to potential system compromise or data leakage.

Conceptual Example Code

A conceptual example of how this vulnerability might be exploited is shown below:
```
POST /login HTTP/1.1
Host: target.example.com
Content-Type: application/json
{ "username": "admin", "password": "guess_password_here" }
```
In this example, the attacker repeatedly sends POST requests to the login endpoint with different password guesses until a successful login response is received.

Mitigation Guidance

The best mitigation strategy is to apply the vendor’s patch. Akinsoft has released a patch for this vulnerability in version v1.02.17 of LimonDesk. Users are strongly advised to update their software to the latest version.
In addition to applying the vendor’s patch, users should also consider implementing a Web Application Firewall (WAF) or Intrusion Detection System (IDS) as a temporary mitigation measure. These systems can help detect and block excessive authentication attempts, thereby preventing potential exploitation of this vulnerability.
September 10, 2025
CVE-2025-2415: Authentication Bypass Vulnerability in Akinsoft MyRezzta
Overview

A significant vulnerability, coded as CVE-2025-2415, has been identified in the Akinsoft MyRezzta software. This vulnerability arises from an improper restriction of excessive authentication attempts, which allows an attacker to bypass the authentication process entirely. Akinsoft’s MyRezzta software is widely used, and the vulnerability poses a severe risk to users, potentially leading to system compromise or data leakage. This blog post aims to provide a detailed insight into the nature of this vulnerability, the impact it could have, and the steps that can be taken to mitigate the risks associated with it.

Vulnerability Summary

CVE ID: CVE-2025-2415
Severity: High (8.6 CVSS Score)
Attack Vector: Network
Privileges Required: None
User Interaction: None
Impact: System compromise, data leakage

Affected Products

Product | Affected Versions

Akinsoft MyRezzta | from s2.03.01 before v2.05.01

How the Exploit Works

The CVE-2025-2415 vulnerability exploits the improper restriction of authentication attempts in Akinsoft’s MyRezzta software. In essence, the software fails to adequately limit the number of failed login attempts a user can make. An attacker can take advantage of this oversight by persistently trying different combinations of credentials until they gain access. This kind of attack is commonly referred to as a ‘brute force’ attack.

Conceptual Example Code

The following pseudocode is a conceptual example of how this vulnerability might be exploited:
```
for username in username_list:
for password in password_list:
response = requests.post('https://target.example.com/login',
data={'username': username, 'password': password})
if response.status_code == 200:
print(f'Successfully logged in with {username}:{password}')
break
```
In this example, the attacker has a list of potential usernames (`username_list`) and a list of potential passwords (`password_list`). The attacker attempts to log in with each combination of username and password until they receive a successful login response (a 200 status code).

Mitigation Guidance

In order to mitigate this vulnerability, users are strongly advised to apply the vendor patch as soon as it becomes available. The patch will correct the excessive authentication attempts vulnerability, thereby preventing potential attackers from bypassing the authentication process. In the interim, users can use a Web Application Firewall (WAF) or an Intrusion Detection System (IDS) to block or alert on multiple failed login attempts from the same IP address, providing temporary mitigation to the vulnerability.
September 10, 2025