Author: Ameeba

Overview

The vulnerability in question, CVE-2024-13759, is a Local Privilege Escalation that affects Avira Prime 1.1.96.2 on Windows 10 x64. This vulnerability is of significant concern as it allows local attackers to elevate their privileges to system-level via arbitrary file deletion. Due to the potential for system compromise or data leakage, organizations and individual users deploying Avira Prime should prioritize the mitigation of this cyber threat.

Vulnerability Summary

CVE ID: CVE-2024-13759
Severity: High – CVSS Score 7.8
Attack Vector: Local
Privileges Required: Low (user level)
User Interaction: Required
Impact: System compromise or data leakage

Affected Products

Product | Affected Versions

Avira Prime | 1.1.96.2

How the Exploit Works

The exploit leverages the Avira.Spotlight.Service.exe in Avira Prime 1.1.96.2 to delete arbitrary files, which in turn allows the attacker to elevate their privileges to system-level. The attacker requires user-level privileges and must interact with the system to initiate the exploit. The potential impact of this exploit includes system compromise, including unauthorized access and control, as well as potential data leakage.

Conceptual Example Code

While the exact code to exploit this vulnerability is not provided as a responsible disclosure measure, a conceptual example might look something like this:

# Attacker connects to the system
ssh attacker@target_system
# Navigates to Avira.Spotlight.Service.exe
cd /path/to/Avira.Spotlight.Service.exe
# Deletes arbitrary file to trigger privilege escalation
rm /path/to/arbitrary/file

After the arbitrary file is deleted, the system could potentially respond by elevating the privileges of the attacker, providing them with system-level access.

Mitigation and Recommendations

Organizations and individuals are advised to apply the vendor patch as soon as it is available to prevent exploitation of this vulnerability. In the absence of a vendor patch, using a Web Application Firewall (WAF) or Intrusion Detection System (IDS) can serve as a temporary mitigation strategy. Regular patching and updating of software, along with continuous monitoring for any suspicious activities, are recommended as best practices in cybersecurity.

Overview

The cybersecurity industry has recently identified a significant vulnerability in IBM CICS TX Standard 11.1 and IBM CICS TX Advanced 10.1 and 11.1, which could potentially allow a local user to execute arbitrary code on the system. This vulnerability, known as CVE-2025-1331, occurs due to the unsafe use of the gets function. As IBM’s CICS is widely utilized in various industries ranging from banking to retail, this vulnerability has far-reaching implications and poses a substantial risk to data security and system integrity.
The severity of this vulnerability makes it a matter of paramount concern. With a CVSS Severity Score of 7.8, it poses a significant threat to any systems running the affected versions of IBM CICS, potentially enabling system compromise or data leakage. Therefore, it is crucial for organizations to understand and address this vulnerability promptly to ensure their systems’ security.

Vulnerability Summary

CVE ID: CVE-2025-1331
Severity: High (CVSS: 7.8)
Attack Vector: Local
Privileges Required: Low
User Interaction: Required
Impact: System compromise or data leakage

Affected Products

Product | Affected Versions

IBM CICS TX Standard | 11.1
IBM CICS TX Advanced | 10.1, 11.1

How the Exploit Works

The vulnerability stems from the unsafe use of the gets function in the affected IBM CICS versions. The gets function is notorious for its lack of bounds checking, which means it does not prevent a buffer overflow when reading input. Consequently, a local user with malicious intent can exploit this flaw to execute arbitrary code on the system, potentially leading to system compromise or data leakage.

Conceptual Example Code

While not indicative of a specific exploit technique, the conceptual example below illustrates the vulnerability’s general nature. The code snippet demonstrates how a buffer overflow might occur due to the unsafe use of the gets function.

#include <stdio.h>
void vulnerable_function() {
char buffer[128];
gets(buffer);  // Unsafe use of gets function
}
int main() {
vulnerable_function();
return 0;
}

In this example, if the input exceeds 128 bytes, it will overflow the buffer, leading to undefined behavior, which could potentially include the execution of arbitrary code.

Countermeasures and Mitigation

IBM has acknowledged the vulnerability and released patches for the affected CICS versions. It is highly recommended that organizations impacted by this issue apply these patches as soon as possible. In situations where immediate patch application is not feasible, temporary mitigation can be achieved using a Web Application Firewall (WAF) or Intrusion Detection System (IDS) to monitor and potentially block exploit attempts. However, these measures should be seen as temporary, and patching the software should remain a priority to ensure system security.

Overview

In the realm of cybersecurity, the most critical vulnerabilities are those that allow an attacker to manipulate or extract data from the system. One such vulnerability has been identified in the Short URL WordPress plugin versions up to 1.6.8. This widely-used plugin is now revealed to contain a severe SQL injection vulnerability, which has been assigned the identifier CVE-2023-2921. This vulnerability can potentially allow a user with relatively low privilege, such as a subscriber, to compromise the system or leak crucial data.

Vulnerability Summary

CVE ID: CVE-2023-2921
Severity: Critical (8.8 CVSS score)
Attack Vector: Network
Privileges Required: Low (Subscriber-level)
User Interaction: Required
Impact: System compromise or data leakage

Affected Products

Product | Affected Versions

Short URL WordPress Plugin | Up to 1.6.8

How the Exploit Works

The exploit takes advantage of the lack of proper sanitization and escaping of a certain parameter before it is used in an SQL statement. This allows an attacker to inject malicious SQL code into the parameter, which can then be executed by the database. This type of attack is known as an SQL Injection, and it can lead to unauthorized access, data corruption, or even system compromise.

Conceptual Example Code

Below is a conceptual example of how the vulnerability might be exploited. This example assumes the vulnerable parameter is “url_id”. Please note that this is a simplified example and real-world attacks may involve more complex payloads.

POST /shorturl/create HTTP/1.1
Host: target.example.com
Content-Type: application/x-www-form-urlencoded
url_id=1'; DROP TABLE users; --

In this example, the malicious payload ‘1’; DROP TABLE users; –‘ would cause the database to execute the DROP TABLE command, potentially deleting a table named ‘users’ from the database.

Mitigation Guidance

Users are advised to apply the vendor patch as soon as it is available to mitigate the vulnerability. In the meantime, using a Web Application Firewall (WAF) or an Intrusion Detection System (IDS) can provide temporary mitigation. These systems can be configured to detect and block SQL Injection attempts, reducing the risk of exploitation. It’s also recommended to follow the principle of least privilege and only grant necessary permissions to users.

Overview

The cybersecurity world is constantly evolving, and with it, the threats we face. One such emerging threat is the CVE-2025-1330 vulnerability. This vulnerability is a significant flaw found in IBM CICS TX Standard 11.1 and IBM CICS TX Advanced 10.1 and 11.1. It could allow a local user to execute arbitrary code on the system due to a failure in processing DNS return requests by the gethostbyname function. This anomaly could lead to serious consequences such as potential system compromise or data leakage, posing a critical threat to any organization utilizing these solutions.

Vulnerability Summary

CVE ID: CVE-2025-1330
Severity: High (7.8 CVSS Score)
Attack Vector: Local
Privileges Required: Low
User Interaction: None
Impact: Potential system compromise or data leakage

Affected Products

Product | Affected Versions

IBM CICS TX Standard | 11.1
IBM CICS TX Advanced | 10.1, 11.1

How the Exploit Works

This exploit takes advantage of the failure in the gethostbyname function to correctly handle DNS return requests. A local user can exploit this vulnerability by executing arbitrary code. This code execution can occur without any user interaction and only requires low-level privileges. Upon successful execution, the attacker can compromise the system and possibly gain unauthorized access to sensitive information.

Conceptual Example Code

Here’s a conceptual representation of how the exploit might work within a shell command:

$ ./malicious_script.sh

The `malicious_script.sh` would contain the arbitrary code designed to exploit the vulnerability in the gethostbyname function. This could lead to a system compromise or leak of sensitive information if not mitigated.

Mitigation

IBM has already acknowledged this vulnerability and is urging users to apply the latest patches to fix this issue. If the patch cannot be applied immediately, it is recommended to use Web Application Firewalls (WAF) or Intrusion Detection Systems (IDS) as temporary mitigation measures. Regular monitoring and updating of systems is crucial in maintaining a secure environment.
Remember, cybersecurity is not a one-time event but a constant process. Stay vigilant and stay safe.

Overview

A critical security vulnerability has been discovered in IBM CICS TX Standard 11.1 and IBM CICS TX Advanced 10.1 and 11.1. This vulnerability, designated as CVE-2025-1329, could potentially allow a local user to execute arbitrary code on the system. This is due to a failure in the handling of DNS return requests by the gethostbyaddr function.
The impact of this vulnerability is significant and can lead to potential system compromise or data leakage. Therefore, it is crucial for users and administrators of the affected systems to apply necessary security measures and mitigations as soon as possible.

Vulnerability Summary

CVE ID: CVE-2025-1329
Severity: High (CVSS: 7.8)
Attack Vector: Local
Privileges Required: Low
User Interaction: None
Impact: System compromise and potential data leakage

Affected Products

Product | Affected Versions

IBM CICS TX Standard | 11.1
IBM CICS TX Advanced | 10.1, 11.1

How the Exploit Works

The exploit works by taking advantage of a flaw in the gethostbyaddr function in IBM CICS TX. This function is supposed to safely handle DNS return requests. However, due to a failure in this function, a local user can manipulate the returned DNS data to inject and execute arbitrary code on the system. This could lead to unauthorized access, data manipulation or even total system compromise.

Conceptual Example Code

Here is a conceptual example of how the vulnerability might be exploited:

#include <netdb.h>
#include <stdio.h>
int main() {
struct hostent *host_entry;
char *malicious_payload = "Injected malicious code";
host_entry = gethostbyaddr(malicious_payload, sizeof(malicious_payload), AF_INET);
if(host_entry == NULL) {
printf("Exploit failed.\n");
return 1;
}
printf("Exploit successful. Executing malicious code.\n");
system(malicious_payload);
return 0;
}

This example represents a C program that a malicious user could use to exploit the gethostbyaddr vulnerability. By inserting a malicious payload into the function, they could potentially execute arbitrary code on the system.
Please note that this is a conceptual example and should not be used for malicious purposes. It’s important to apply the vendor patch or utilize WAF/IDS for temporary mitigation to protect your systems from this vulnerability.

Overview

The CVE-2025-3925 vulnerability is a security flaw identified in BrightSign players, affecting those running BrightSign OS series 4 prior to v8.5.53.1 or series 5 prior to v9.0.166. This vulnerability allows for privilege escalation on the device once code execution has been obtained, significantly compromising the system’s integrity and security. Given the widespread use of BrightSign players for digital signage across numerous industries, this vulnerability is a critical issue that requires immediate attention and mitigation.

Vulnerability Summary

CVE ID: CVE-2025-3925
Severity: High (CVSS: 7.8)
Attack Vector: Local
Privileges Required: Low
User Interaction: None
Impact: Potential system compromise or data leakage

Affected Products

Product | Affected Versions

BrightSign OS series 4 | Prior to v8.5.53.1
BrightSign OS series 5 | Prior to v9.0.166

How the Exploit Works

The CVE-2025-3925 vulnerability is exploited when an attacker manages to execute code on a BrightSign player, which then allows them to escalate their privileges on the device. This is typically achieved by exploiting other vulnerabilities or through social engineering attacks to gain initial access. Once the attacker has escalated their privileges, they can perform actions that are normally restricted, compromising the integrity and confidentiality of the system.

Conceptual Example Code

The following is a conceptual example code that demonstrates how this vulnerability might be exploited. It’s important to note that this is only a simplified example, and actual exploits may be much more complex and require more advanced techniques.

# Attacker gains initial low-privilege access to the system
ssh user@target_device
# Attacker runs a code exploiting the CVE-2025-3925 vulnerability
./exploit_CVE-2025-3925
# If the exploit is successful, the attacker now has escalated privileges
sudo -i
# The attacker can now perform actions that are normally restricted
rm -rf /

In this example, the attacker takes advantage of the CVE-2025-3925 vulnerability to escalate their privileges from a low-privileged user to a high-privileged user. They then perform a destructive action that would normally be restricted.
In order to protect your systems against this vulnerability, it is recommended to apply the vendor patch or use a Web Application Firewall (WAF) or an Intrusion Detection System (IDS) as temporary mitigation.

Overview

In the rapidly evolving digital world, the security of software and network devices is of paramount importance. The vulnerability in focus, CVE-2025-20122, is a critical one that affects Cisco Catalyst SD-WAN Manager, a product widely used in managing network systems across various industries. This vulnerability could potentially allow an attacker to gain root-level access to the system, thereby jeopardizing sensitive data and the overall operations of the network.
Given its severity score of 7.8, this vulnerability is of high significance and needs immediate attention from businesses and organizations utilizing Cisco’s SD-WAN Manager. Ensuring appropriate and timely mitigation of this vulnerability would prevent serious consequences, including system compromise and data leakage.

Vulnerability Summary

CVE ID: CVE-2025-20122
Severity: High (7.8 CVSS Score)
Attack Vector: Local
Privileges Required: Low (read-only privileges)
User Interaction: None
Impact: Gain of root-level privileges leading to potential system compromise or data leakage

Affected Products

Product | Affected Versions

Cisco Catalyst SD-WAN Manager | All versions prior to patch

How the Exploit Works

The vulnerability arises from insufficient input validation in the CLI (Command Line Interface) of Cisco Catalyst SD-WAN Manager. An attacker, who already has authenticated access with read-only privileges to the system, can exploit this vulnerability by sending a specially crafted request to the CLI. This malicious request can bypass the usual restrictions imposed on a read-only user, thereby escalating privileges to that of a root user. This gives the attacker unrestricted access to the underlying operating system, enabling them to perform potentially harmful actions.

Conceptual Example Code

Here’s a conceptual example of how an attacker might exploit this vulnerability. This is based on a generic CLI scenario and should not be attempted on live systems.

# Attacker logs in with read-only credentials
$ ssh readonly@target.example.com
# Attacker sends a maliciously crafted request to the CLI
$ exploit_command --payload "{ 'malicious_payload': '...' }"
# If the exploit succeeds, the attacker gains root privileges
$ sudo su

In this hypothetical scenario, `exploit_command` represents the specific command or set of commands an attacker could use to exploit the vulnerability, while `’malicious_payload’` represents the specially crafted input that triggers the vulnerability.

Countermeasures and Mitigation

The most effective way to mitigate this vulnerability is by applying the vendor-provided patch. Cisco has released updates to address this vulnerability in the Cisco Catalyst SD-WAN Manager. It is highly recommended to update to the latest version as soon as possible.
In the interim, using a Web Application Firewall (WAF) or an Intrusion Detection System (IDS) can provide temporary mitigation. These systems can be configured to monitor and block suspicious requests, potentially preventing the exploitation of this vulnerability. However, this is only a temporary solution and cannot substitute the need for applying the official patch.
Remember, vigilance and prompt action are key to maintaining the security of your systems.

Overview

We’re diving into a critical cybersecurity vulnerability that was discovered in the Tenda CH22 1.0.0.1. This vulnerability, identified as CVE-2025-5685, affects the function formNatlimit of the file /goform/Natlimit and can lead to a stack-based buffer overflow. The criticality of this vulnerability lies in its potential for remote exploitation, which could lead to system compromise and data leakage. In this post, we’ll explore the technical details of this vulnerability, its potential impact, and how to prevent it.

Vulnerability Summary

CVE ID: CVE-2025-5685
Severity: Critical, Score 8.8
Attack Vector: Network
Privileges Required: None
User Interaction: None
Impact: System compromise and potential data leakage

Affected Products

Product | Affected Versions

Tenda CH22 | 1.0.0.1

How the Exploit Works

The vulnerability resides in the formNatlimit function of the /goform/Natlimit file. A flaw in the code allows for the manipulation of the ‘page’ argument, resulting in a stack-based buffer overflow. This overflow can then be exploited to execute arbitrary code on the system. The exploit can be initiated remotely without any user interaction or privileges, making the attack particularly insidious and difficult to detect.

Conceptual Example Code

Here’s a conceptual example of how the vulnerability might be exploited through a malicious HTTP request:

POST /goform/Natlimit HTTP/1.1
Host: vulnerable-device-ip
Content-Type: application/x-www-form-urlencoded
page=AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA...[CONTINUED]

In this example, the ‘page’ argument is filled with a long string of ‘A’s to trigger the buffer overflow. In a real-world attack, the attacker would replace this string with malicious code designed to compromise the system.

Impact

A successful exploit of CVE-2025-5685 can lead to total system compromise. This means that an attacker could potentially gain control over the system, modify system settings, or even exfiltrate sensitive data. Given that the vulnerability can be exploited remotely, the potential impact is far-reaching and could affect any system that hasn’t been patched.

Mitigation

The mitigation for this vulnerability is to apply the vendor’s patch. If a patch is not yet available or cannot be applied immediately, using a Web Application Firewall (WAF) or Intrusion Detection System (IDS) can serve as temporary mitigation until the patch can be applied. Regularly updating and patching systems is an essential part of maintaining a strong security posture and defending against potential attacks.

Overview

The cybersecurity community is currently dealing with a critical vulnerability in TOTOLINK N302R Plus, an issue that potentially puts countless systems at risk. Identified as CVE-2025-5672, this vulnerability resides in an unknown functionality of the file /boafrm/formFilter of the component HTTP POST Request Handler. It is especially concerning due to its high severity and the fact that it can be exploited remotely, making it a significant threat to both businesses and individuals using the affected product.
The vulnerability is a buffer overflow, a common but severe type of security flaw that can lead to system compromise or data leakage. This vulnerability is particularly worrisome as the exploit has been disclosed to the public and may be actively used by malicious actors.

Vulnerability Summary

CVE ID: CVE-2025-5672
Severity: Critical, CVSS score 8.8
Attack Vector: Remote
Privileges Required: None
User Interaction: None
Impact: Potential system compromise and data leakage

Affected Products

Product | Affected Versions

TOTOLINK N302R Plus | Versions up to 3.4.0-B20201028

How the Exploit Works

The exploit works by manipulating the ‘url’ argument in the HTTP POST Request Handler. This leads to a buffer overflow, a situation where more data is put into a buffer than it can handle. This can cause the excess data to overflow into adjacent memory spaces, potentially leading to unauthorized access to information or system control.

Conceptual Example Code

Below is a conceptual example of how the vulnerability might be exploited. This is a hypothesized HTTP request that causes the buffer overflow.

POST /boafrm/formFilter HTTP/1.1
Host: target.example.com
Content-Type: application/json
{ "url": "http://example.com/[...excessive number of characters...]" }

In this example, the ‘url’ argument is filled with an excessive number of characters, causing a buffer overflow in the HTTP POST Request Handler.

Mitigation

To mitigate this vulnerability, users of the affected versions of TOTOLINK N302R Plus are encouraged to apply the vendor patch. If this is not immediately possible, using a Web Application Firewall (WAF) or an Intrusion Detection System (IDS) can serve as temporary mitigation. However, these only provide temporary protection and do not address the root cause of the vulnerability, so applying the vendor patch should be prioritized.

Overview

Today, we delve into the world of cybersecurity vulnerabilities, specifically focusing on a critical vulnerability that has been identified in the Power Automate system. This vulnerability, known as CVE-2025-47966, exposes sensitive information to unauthorized actors, leading to potential privilege escalation over a network. This is of significant concern to any organization or individual using Power Automate, as a successful exploitation could lead to detrimental consequences such as system compromise or data leakage.

Vulnerability Summary

CVE ID: CVE-2025-47966
Severity: Critical (9.8 CVSS Score)
Attack Vector: Network
Privileges Required: None
User Interaction: None
Impact: System Compromise, Data Leakage

Affected Products

Product | Affected Versions

Power Automate | All current versions

How the Exploit Works

The exploit takes advantage of a flaw within Power Automate’s security mechanisms. An unauthorized actor can bypass security protocols and gain access to sensitive information due to a lack of adequate privilege restrictions. This information may include user credentials, system configurations, or other data that can be used for further malicious activities, including privilege escalation attacks over the network.

Conceptual Example Code

The following is a conceptual example of how the vulnerability might be exploited. This sample HTTP request represents a potential malicious payload sent to a vulnerable endpoint:

POST /vulnerable/endpoint HTTP/1.1
Host: target.example.com
Content-Type: application/json
{ "malicious_payload": "Extract sensitive data" }

Recommendations for Mitigation

As a cybersecurity expert, I strongly advise anyone using Power Automate to immediately apply the vendor’s patch, which has been released to address this vulnerability. In cases where the patch cannot be immediately applied, using a Web Application Firewall (WAF) or Intrusion Detection System (IDS) can serve as a temporary measure to mitigate the risk. However, these should not replace the application of the patch, which remains the most effective way to secure your system against CVE-2025-47966.
In conclusion, keeping systems updated and ensuring the latest security patches are applied is paramount in maintaining a strong cybersecurity posture. Stay vigilant, stay safe.