Author: Ameeba

Overview

The vulnerability CVE-2025-49457 presents a significant threat to the security of Zoom Client users on the Windows platform. It exploits an untrusted search path in certain Zoom Clients, enabling an unauthenticated user to escalate privileges via network access. Given the widespread use of Zoom for business and personal communication, this vulnerability, if exploited, could potentially impact millions of users worldwide, making it a critical issue.
This vulnerability matters because it provides an opportunity for an attacker to compromise a system or lead to data leakage, posing a severe risk to personal and business data. As such, understanding, detecting, and mitigating this threat is of utmost importance to maintain the security and integrity of systems and data.

Vulnerability Summary

CVE ID: CVE-2025-49457
Severity: Critical, CVSS 9.6
Attack Vector: Network
Privileges Required: None
User Interaction: None
Impact: Potential system compromise or data leakage

Affected Products

Product | Affected Versions

Zoom Client for Windows | Unspecified

How the Exploit Works

This exploit takes advantage of an untrusted search path in certain Zoom Clients for Windows. An attacker can manipulate this search path to load malicious code or libraries when the Zoom Client is launched. Since the Zoom Client runs with the user’s privileges, the loaded malicious code would also execute with the same privileges, effectively escalating the attacker’s privileges to the level of the user running the Zoom Client.

Conceptual Example Code

Given the nature of this vulnerability, a conceptual example would involve the attacker placing a malicious DLL file in a directory that’s present in the search path of the Zoom Client. Here’s an example of a shell command that an attacker might use to copy the malicious DLL into such a directory:

cp /path/to/malicious.dll /path/to/Zoom/directory

Once the Zoom Client is launched and the malicious DLL is loaded, the attacker would have the same privileges as the user running the Zoom Client, allowing them to execute further malicious actions.

Recommendations

The most effective way to address this vulnerability is to apply the vendor patch once it becomes available. Until then, using a Web Application Firewall (WAF) or an Intrusion Detection System (IDS) can serve as a temporary mitigation, helping to detect and prevent potential exploit attempts. Regularly updating all software, especially security software, and maintaining a good security posture in general can also help protect against this and other vulnerabilities.

Overview

The cybersecurity world is facing a new threat in the form of a vulnerability dubbed CVE-2025-52385. This particular vulnerability is found in Studio 3T v.2025.1.0 and earlier versions and allows a remote attacker to execute arbitrary code on the affected system via a crafted payload targeted at the child_process module. This vulnerability is particularly distressing due to Studio 3T’s widespread use among MongoDB developers and administrators, meaning a large number of systems could potentially be at risk.

Vulnerability Summary

CVE ID: CVE-2025-52385
Severity: Critical (9.8 CVSS Severity Score)
Attack Vector: Network
Privileges Required: None
User Interaction: None
Impact: Potential system compromise or data leakage

Affected Products

Product | Affected Versions

Studio 3T | v.2025.1.0 and before

How the Exploit Works

The vulnerability CVE-2025-52385 exploits the child_process module in Studio 3T. By crafting a malicious payload, attackers can manipulate the child_process module into executing arbitrary code. This code execution can potentially compromise the system or lead to data leaks, depending on the specific code used by the attacker.

Conceptual Example Code

Below is a conceptual example of how the vulnerability might be exploited. Please note this is a conceptual representation and not an actual exploit code:

const child_process = require('child_process');
let malicious_payload = `arbitrary code here`;
child_process.exec(malicious_payload, function(error, stdout, stderr) {
//handle possible errors
});

In this example, the malicious_payload variable would contain the arbitrary code that the attacker wishes to execute. The child_process.exec function then executes this payload, potentially compromising the system.
To protect against this exploit, users are advised to apply the latest vendor patch. If the patch is not available or cannot be applied immediately, the use of a Web Application Firewall (WAF) or Intrusion Detection System (IDS) can provide temporary mitigation.

Overview

The cybersecurity landscape experiences constant changes, with new vulnerabilities emerging almost daily. One such vulnerability is CVE-2025-51451, a critical security flaw that affects TOTOLINK EX1200T firmware version 4.1.2cu.5215. This vulnerability allows attackers to bypass login authentication by sending a specific request through formLoginAuth.htm, potentially compromising the system or causing data leakage. As TOTOLINK EX1200T is a widely used firmware, this vulnerability can have far-reaching repercussions, potentially affecting a large number of internet users.

Vulnerability Summary

CVE ID: CVE-2025-51451
Severity: Critical, CVSS Score 9.8
Attack Vector: Network
Privileges Required: None
User Interaction: None
Impact: System compromise and potential data leakage

Affected Products

Product | Affected Versions

TOTOLINK EX1200T Firmware | 4.1.2cu.5215

How the Exploit Works

The exploit takes advantage of a flaw in the login authentication process in TOTOLINK EX1200T firmware. Specifically, an attacker can send a specifically crafted request to the formLoginAuth.htm page. This request causes the system to bypass the regular login process, granting the attacker unauthorized access to the system. With this access, the attacker can then compromise the system or cause data leakage.

Conceptual Example Code

Here is a conceptual example of how the vulnerability might be exploited. Please note that this is a simplified example and the actual exploit would require more complex coding.

POST /formLoginAuth.htm HTTP/1.1
Host: target.example.com
Content-Type: application/x-www-form-urlencoded
username=attacker&password=none&operation=login

In this example, the attacker sends a POST request to the formLoginAuth.htm page. The username and password fields are filled in with arbitrary values. The operation parameter is set to “login”, triggering the login process. However, due to the vulnerability in the firmware, this login process is bypassed, and the attacker gains unauthorized access to the system.

Mitigation and Prevention

Users of the affected TOTOLINK EX1200T firmware are advised to apply the vendor patch as soon as it becomes available. Until then, a Web Application Firewall (WAF) or Intrusion Detection System (IDS) can be used as a temporary mitigation measure to detect and block attempts to exploit this vulnerability. Regular updates and monitoring of the system are also recommended to prevent future attacks.

Overview

The cybersecurity world is currently dealing with a significant vulnerability issue in the Danphe Health Hospital Management System EMR 3.2. This vulnerability, identified as CVE-2025-50594, allows attackers to reset any account password, which could potentially lead to severe system compromise or data leakage. Given the critical nature of health information systems, this vulnerability presents a significant risk to patient data confidentiality and system integrity.

Vulnerability Summary

CVE ID: CVE-2025-50594
Severity: Critical (CVSS: 9.8)
Attack Vector: Network
Privileges Required: None
User Interaction: None
Impact: System Compromise, Data Leakage

Affected Products

Product | Affected Versions

Danphe Health Hospital Management System EMR | 3.2

How the Exploit Works

The exploit takes advantage of an issue discovered in the SecuritySettingsController.cs file of the Danphe Health Hospital Management System. By sending a specially crafted request to this controller, an attacker can manipulate the password reset functionality to change the password of any account. This allows the attacker to gain unauthorized access to any user account, including those with administrative privileges, leading to potential system compromise or data leakage.

Conceptual Example Code

Here is a conceptual example of how the exploitation might occur. The attacker sends an HTTP POST request to the password reset endpoint with a manipulated payload:

POST /Code/Websites/DanpheEMR/Controllers/Settings/SecuritySettingsController.cs HTTP/1.1
Host: target.example.com
Content-Type: application/json
{ "username": "admin", "new_password": "malicious_password" }

In the above hypothetical example, the attacker targets the ‘admin’ account and sets a new password ‘malicious_password’ for it. This action will allow the attacker to gain unauthorized access to the targeted account.

Mitigation and Prevention Measures

The best way to safeguard your system against this vulnerability is to apply the patch provided by Danphe Health. This patch rectifies the issue in the code that allows password resets. If the patch cannot be applied immediately, using a Web Application Firewall (WAF) or an Intrusion Detection System (IDS) can provide temporary mitigation. These systems should be configured to detect and block malicious requests targeting the SecuritySettingsController.cs endpoint.

Overview

In the world of cybersecurity, the detection and mitigation of vulnerabilities is vital to maintaining the security integrity of our systems. One such vulnerability, identified as CVE-2025-51452, affects TOTOLINK A7000R firmware 9.1.0u.6115_B20201022. This vulnerability can allow an attacker to bypass the login process and potentially compromise the system or leak data. This vulnerability has a significant impact on all users of the affected firmware, as it can lead to unauthorized access and breach of sensitive data.

Vulnerability Summary

CVE ID: CVE-2025-51452
Severity: Critical, CVSS Score 9.8
Attack Vector: Network
Privileges Required: None
User Interaction: None
Impact: Unauthorized access, potential system compromise, and data leakage

Affected Products

Product | Affected Versions

TOTOLINK A7000R Firmware | 9.1.0u.6115_B20201022

How the Exploit Works

The vulnerability lies within the formLoginAuth.htm of the TOTOLINK A7000R firmware. An attacker can exploit this vulnerability by sending a specific request to this URL. This request allows the attacker to bypass the login process without needing any valid credentials. Once bypassed, the attacker gains unauthorized access to the system which can lead to compromise and data leakage.

Conceptual Example Code

Below is a conceptual example of how the vulnerability might be exploited. The specific malicious payload details are omitted for ethical reasons.

POST /formLoginAuth.htm HTTP/1.1
Host: target.example.com
Content-Type: application/x-www-form-urlencoded
{ "bypass_login": "True" }

In this example, the attacker sends a POST request to the `formLoginAuth.htm` endpoint. The `bypass_login` parameter is set to `True`, which, due to the vulnerability, allows the attacker to bypass the login process and gain access to the system.

Mitigation

Until a vendor patch is available, it is recommended to use a Web Application Firewall (WAF) or Intrusion Detection System (IDS) to mitigate this vulnerability. These systems can be configured to detect and block the specific request used to exploit this vulnerability. Regularly updating your systems and applying patches as soon as they become available should be a standard practice in your cybersecurity strategy.

Overview

The vulnerability CVE-2025-8913 is a high-risk security flaw that exists in the Organization Portal System developed by WellChoose. This vulnerability, classified as a Local File Inclusion (LFI) type, allows unauthenticated remote attackers to execute arbitrary code on the server. Given the high CVSS score of 9.8, it is crucial for businesses using this system to take immediate action to protect their sensitive data and system integrity.

Vulnerability Summary

CVE ID: CVE-2025-8913
Severity: Critical (9.8 CVSS v3)
Attack Vector: Network
Privileges Required: None
User Interaction: None
Impact: Potential system compromise or data leakage

Affected Products

Product | Affected Versions

WellChoose Organization Portal System | All versions prior to patch

How the Exploit Works

The WellChoose Organization Portal System contains a flaw that allows a remote attacker to include and execute arbitrary local files on the server. This is due to insufficient sanitization of user-supplied input. An attacker can easily manipulate the input to point to any file on the server, allowing them to execute arbitrary PHP code. Given that no authentication is required, the attacker can bypass any security measures in place and execute their payload undetected.

Conceptual Example Code

Here is a conceptual example of how an attacker might exploit this vulnerability. The attacker sends a malicious HTTP request that contains the path to a file they want to include:

GET /index.php?file=../../../../etc/passwd HTTP/1.1
Host: vulnerable-website.com

In this example, the attacker attempts to access the `/etc/passwd` file – a standard Unix-like operating system file that contains the essential details about each user registered on the system. If successful, the attacker could view sensitive information or even include malicious scripts for execution.

Mitigation

To mitigate this vulnerability, it is strongly recommended to apply the latest vendor patch released by WellChoose. Until the patch can be applied, a temporary mitigation strategy could involve using a Web Application Firewall (WAF) or an Intrusion Detection System (IDS) to detect and prevent exploitation attempts. Additionally, ensure that your systems are always updated, and follow best practices for secure coding to prevent similar vulnerabilities in the future.

Overview

A severe vulnerability, CVE-2025-8760, has been identified in INSTAR’s 2K+ and 4K 3.11.1 Build 1124. This particular vulnerability affects the base64_decode function of the fcgi_server component. By manipulating the ‘Authorization’ argument, an attacker may cause a buffer overflow. This vulnerability is significant due to its potential for remote initiation, allowing attackers to potentially compromise systems or leak data from afar. Given its high severity score, it is crucial for users and administrators to understand the nature of this vulnerability and take appropriate action.

Vulnerability Summary

CVE ID: CVE-2025-8760
Severity: Critical, CVSS score 9.8
Attack Vector: Network
Privileges Required: None
User Interaction: None
Impact: Potential system compromise or data leakage

Affected Products

Product | Affected Versions

INSTAR 2K+ | 3.11.1 Build 1124
INSTAR 4K | 3.11.1 Build 1124

How the Exploit Works

This vulnerability exploits the base64_decode function in the fcgi_server component of the affected INSTAR products. Specifically, an attacker can overly manipulate the ‘Authorization’ argument, causing a buffer overflow. A buffer overflow occurs when more data is written to a buffer than it can handle, causing it to overflow into adjacent memory spaces. In this case, the buffer overflow can potentially overwrite critical data or execute malicious code, leading to system compromise or data leakage.

Conceptual Example Code

While the specific exploit code is not available, below is a conceptual example of how an HTTP request might be manipulated to exploit this vulnerability:

POST /fcgi_server/base64_decode HTTP/1.1
Host: target.example.com
Authorization: Basic [Overly long base64 encoded string]

In this example, the `[Overly long base64 encoded string]` represents a base64 string that, when decoded, is larger than the buffer in the base64_decode function can handle. When the function attempts to decode this string, it causes a buffer overflow, potentially leading to unauthorized code execution or other unintended behavior.

Mitigation Guidance

Customers using affected versions of INSTAR 2K+ and 4K are advised to apply the vendor patch as soon as it becomes available. In the absence of a patch, or as a temporary measure, a Web Application Firewall (WAF) or an Intrusion Detection System (IDS) could be used to mitigate the vulnerability. These systems can be configured to block or alert on suspicious activity related to this vulnerability, such as unusually large ‘Authorization’ headers in HTTP requests to the fcgi_server component.

Overview

The Common Vulnerability Exposure (CVE) system has recently identified a severe security flaw labeled as CVE-2025-6715. This vulnerability affects WordPress websites utilizing the LatePoint plugin versions before 5.1.94. The severity of this vulnerability lies in the fact that it enables Local File Inclusion (LFI), which could allow attackers to include and execute arbitrary PHP files on the server, ultimately leading to potential system compromise or data leakage.
Given that WordPress powers over 40% of all websites globally, the impact of this vulnerability could be quite extensive, potentially affecting thousands of websites and exposing sensitive data. This vulnerability underscores the need for robust cybersecurity measures and regular software updates to protect against such threats.

Vulnerability Summary

CVE ID: CVE-2025-6715
Severity: Critical (9.8 CVSS score)
Attack Vector: Network
Privileges Required: None
User Interaction: Required
Impact: System compromise, potential data leakage

Affected Products

Product | Affected Versions

LatePoint WordPress Plugin | Before 5.1.94

How the Exploit Works

The vulnerability lies in the LatePoint plugin’s unsanitized ‘layout’ parameter. An attacker can manipulate this parameter to include and execute arbitrary PHP files on the server. Since the plugin does not properly sanitize this input, it can lead to LFI (Local File Inclusion) vulnerabilities.
The attacker can exploit the LFI vulnerability to execute arbitrary PHP code, read sensitive files, perform directory traversals, and potentially even execute system commands. The exploitation of this vulnerability can lead to complete system compromise or data leakage.

Conceptual Example Code

Here’s a conceptual example of a malicious HTTP request exploiting this vulnerability:

GET /wp-content/plugins/latepoint/lib/ajax/layout.php?layout=../../../../../etc/passwd HTTP/1.1
Host: target.example.com

In this example, the attacker is attempting to read the ‘/etc/passwd’ file, which contains user account details on a Unix-like system. This is a classic example of a directory traversal attack exploiting an LFI vulnerability.

Overview

The CVE-2025-7384 vulnerability is a critical security flaw affecting the Database for Contact Form 7, WPforms, Elementor forms plugin for WordPress. This prevalent plugin, used on many WordPress websites for contact forms, is susceptible to a PHP Object Injection attack. The vulnerability lies in the deserialization of untrusted input in the get_lead_detail function. This security flaw is of utmost importance due to the widespread use of WordPress and the mentioned plugins, putting a vast number of websites at risk of system compromise or data leakage.

Vulnerability Summary

CVE ID: CVE-2025-7384
Severity: Critical (CVSS: 9.8)
Attack Vector: Unauthenticated network
Privileges Required: None
User Interaction: None
Impact: Potential system compromise or data leakage

Affected Products

Product | Affected Versions

Database for Contact Form 7, WPforms, Elementor plugin | All versions up to and including 1.4.3

How the Exploit Works

The vulnerability exists due to a lack of proper sanitization of user input in the get_lead_detail function. This allows an unauthenticated attacker to inject a PHP Object into the plugin’s code. Given the additional presence of a POP (Property-Oriented Programming) chain in the Contact Form 7 plugin, an attacker can manipulate the execution path of the application, leading to arbitrary file deletion. This can result in a denial of service or remote code execution when the wp-config.php file, which is crucial for WordPress operation, is deleted.

Conceptual Example Code

Here’s a conceptual example of how an attacker might exploit this vulnerability, using a malicious HTTP POST request:

POST /wp-json/contact-form-7/v1/contact-forms/123/feedback HTTP/1.1
Host: target.example.com
Content-Type: application/json
{
"your-name": "John Doe",
"your-email": "john.doe@example.com",
"your-subject": "Hello",
"your-message": "a:1:{i:0;O:8:\"stdClass\":1:{s:4:\"file\";s:15:\"/wp-config.php\";}}"
}

In the above example, the ‘your-message’ field contains a serialized PHP object designed to delete the wp-config.php file.

Mitigation

Users are urged to apply the vendor patch immediately once available. In the interim, using a Web Application Firewall (WAF) or Intrusion Detection System (IDS) can offer temporary mitigation. Regularly updating and patching systems, employing least privilege principles, and implementing robust input validation can help prevent such vulnerabilities in the future.

Overview

The CVE-2025-55168 is a severe cybersecurity vulnerability discovered in the WeGIA open-source web manager, a tool predominantly used by Portuguese-speaking charitable institutions. This vulnerability has grave implications as it could potentially lead to a system compromise or data leakage, especially for these often vulnerable organizations. The vulnerability lies in the web application’s inability to correctly sanitize input in certain fields, leading to a SQL Injection vulnerability.

Vulnerability Summary

CVE ID: CVE-2025-55168
Severity: Critical (9.8 CVSS Score)
Attack Vector: Network
Privileges Required: Low
User Interaction: Required
Impact: Confidentiality, Integrity, and Availability of the database could be compromised, leading to potential system compromise or data leakage.

Affected Products

Product | Affected Versions

WeGIA Web Manager | Prior to version 3.4.8

How the Exploit Works

The exploit works by injecting malicious SQL commands into the `id_fichamedica` parameter of the `/html/saude/aplicar_medicamento.php` endpoint. Due to improper input validation, these commands are executed directly on the database, allowing an attacker to manipulate data, exfiltrate confidential information, or even execute commands on the underlying system.

Conceptual Example Code

The following is a conceptual example of how the vulnerability might be exploited. This is a sample HTTP GET request where an attacker uses a SQL Injection payload in the `id_fichamedica` parameter:

GET /html/saude/aplicar_medicamento.php?id_fichamedica=1' OR '1'='1 HTTP/1.1
Host: target.example.com

In this example, the SQL Injection payload `’ OR ‘1’=’1` would cause the database query to return true for all rows, potentially revealing all medical records in the database.

Mitigation Guidance

The vulnerability has been patched in WeGIA Web Manager version 3.4.8. Users are strongly advised to update to the latest version to mitigate this vulnerability. If immediate patching is not feasible, temporary mitigation may be achieved by implementing a Web Application Firewall (WAF) or Intrusion Detection System (IDS) to detect and block attempted exploits of this vulnerability.